Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in Neuroprotection.

• Author: Akaike, Akinori.
• TeilnehmendeR: Shimohama, Shun.; Misu, Yoshimi.
• Place / Publishing House: Singapore : : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,, 2018.; ©2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (196 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Structural and Pharmacological Characterization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- 1.3 Neuroprotection Mediated by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- 1.4 Intracellular Signal Transduction Triggered by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- 1.5 Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Used for Treatment of Alzheimer' Disease -- 1.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: In Vivo Imaging of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Central Nervous System -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nuclear Medical Imaging Modality -- 2.2.1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) -- 2.2.2 Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) -- 2.3 Imaging Probes for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- 2.3.1 Imaging Probes for the α4β2 Subtype -- 2.3.1.1 Nicotine Derivatives -- 2.3.1.2 A-85380 Derivatives -- A-85380-Derived SPECT Probe -- A-85380-Derived PET Probes -- 2.3.1.3 Epibatidine Derivatives -- 2.3.2 Imaging Probes for the α7 Subtype -- 2.4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Imaging in Human Brain -- 2.4.1 (S)-11C-Nicotine -- 2.4.2 123I-5IA -- 2.4.3 18F-2FA -- 2.4.4 (−)-18F-Flubatine -- 2.4.5 α7-nAChR Imaging Probes -- 2.5 Alteration of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Density -- 2.5.1 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- 2.5.2 Other Causes of Dementia -- 2.5.3 Parkinson's Disease (PD) -- 2.5.4 Other Diseases -- 2.5.4.1 Alcohol Abuse -- 2.5.4.2 Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy -- 2.5.4.3 Major Depressive Disorders -- 2.5.5 Smokers -- 2.6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Imaging in Mouse Brain -- References -- Chapter 3: A New Aspect of Cholinergic Transmission in the Central Nervous System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Intracellular Distribution of AChRs -- 3.2.1 Muscarinic AChRs -- 3.2.2 Nicotinic AChRs -- 3.3 Incorporation of ACh into Postsynaptic Neurons.

3.4 Regulation of Synaptic ACh Concentrations and the Choline-ACh Cycle -- 3.5 Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling: Roles in Neuroprotection -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Neuroprotective Effect via Nicotine Receptors -- 4.3 Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Effects by Stimulating Nicotinic Receptors -- 4.4 Mechanism of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Upregulation upon Long-Term Nicotine Stimulation -- 4.5 Mechanism of Increased Sensitivity in the Neuronal Protective Effect of Nicotine That Accompanies Receptor Upregulation Caused by Long-Term Stimulation of Nicotine Receptors -- 4.6 Effect of the Stimulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Astrocytes on Inflammatory Response in the Brain -- 4.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects -- References -- Chapter 5: Regulation by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors of Microglial Glutamate Transporters: Role of Microglia in Neuroprotection -- 5.1 Microglia -- 5.2 Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Roles of Microglia -- 5.3 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglia -- 5.4 Glutamate Transporters and Microglia -- 5.5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Glutamate Transporters -- 5.6 Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglial Glutamate Transporters -- 5.7 Drug Development Targeting α7 nAChR for Neurological Disorders -- 5.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Shati/Nat8l and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) Have Important Roles in Regulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Neuronal and Psychiatric Diseases in Animal Models and Humans -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Shati/Nat8l and Drug Reward -- 6.2.1 Function of Accumbal Shati/Nat8l in Nicotinic Effects -- 6.2.2 Striatal Shati/Nat8l and the Reward System -- 6.3 Shati/Nat8l in Learning and Memory -- 6.3.1 Hippocampal Shati/Nat8l in Learning and Memory.

6.3.2 Function of Accumbal Shati/Nat8l on Learning Memory and Emotional Behaviors -- 6.3.3 Function of Shati/Nat8l in Axon Outgrowth -- 6.4 Shati/Nat8l and Psychiatric Disease -- 6.4.1 Patients with Depression and NAA -- 6.4.2 Shati/Nat8l and Depressive Behaviors in Mice -- 6.4.3 Shati/Nat8l and Postpartum Depression -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Regulation of Pathology of Cerebrovascular Disorders -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Overviews on Stroke Disorders -- 7.3 Ischemic Stroke and nAChRs -- 7.3.1 Roles of Endogenous Cholinergic System in Regulation of Ischemic Injury -- 7.3.1.1 Effects of nAChR Antagonists and Allosteric Modulators -- 7.3.1.2 Effects of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors -- 7.3.1.3 Effect of Cholinergic Neuronal Activity -- 7.3.2 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Ischemic Injury -- 7.3.2.1 Positive Findings -- 7.3.2.2 Negative Findings -- 7.4 Hemorrhagic Stroke and nAChRs -- 7.4.1 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) -- 7.4.2 Effects of nAChR Agonists on Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) -- 7.5 Nicotine, Smoking and Stroke: Potential Associations -- 7.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 8: Roles of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Pathology and Treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Alzheimer's Disease and nAChRs -- 8.2.1 nAChR Enhancement Shows Neuroprotection Against Glutamate Toxicity -- 8.2.2 Nicotine Protects Neurons Against Aβ Toxicity In Vitro -- 8.2.3 Galantamine Acts As an Allosteric Potentiating Ligand (APL) of nAChRs and Blocks Aβ-Enhanced Glutamate Toxicity In Vitro -- 8.2.4 Galantamine-Induced Aβ Clearance Mediated via Stimulation of Microglial nAChRs -- 8.2.5 Donepezil Promotes Internalization of NMDA Receptors by Stimulating α7 nAChRs and Attenuates Glutamate Cytotoxicity.

8.2.6 Donepezil Directly Acts on Microglia to Inhibit Its Inflammatory Activation -- 8.2.7 Temporal Changes of CD68 and α7nAChR Expression in Microglia in AD-Like Mouse Models -- 8.3 Parkinson's Disease and nAChRs -- 8.3.1 nAChR Enhancement Shows Dopaminergic Neuronal Protection Against Rotenone Cytotoxicity -- 8.3.2 nAChR Enhancement Show Dopaminergic Neuronal Protection Against 6-OHDA- Induced Hemiparkinsonian Rodent Model -- 8.3.3 α4 nAChR Modulated by Galantamine on Nigrostriatal Terminals Regulates Dopamine Receptor-Mediated Rotational Behavior -- 8.3.4 Neuroprotective Effect of Nicotine in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonian Model -- 8.4 Neuroprotective Enhancement of nAChRs Through Four Pathways (Kawamata and Shimohama 2011) -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: SAK3-Induced Neuroprotection Is Mediated by Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Neuroprotection Mediated by mAChRs -- 9.3 Neuroprotective Action Mediated by nAChRs -- 9.4 Development of the Novel nAChR Modulator SAK3 -- 9.5 SAK3-Induced Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia -- 9.6 SAK3 Ameliorates Methimazole-Induced Cholinergic Neuronal Damage -- 9.7 SAK3 Is Neuroprotective Via nAChRs -- 9.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Removal of Blood Amyloid As a Therapeutic Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease: The Influence of Smoking and Nicotine -- 10.1 Introduction: Amyloid β Protein in Alzheimer's Disease -- 10.2 Smoking, Nicotine, and AD -- 10.2.1 Smoking and AD Prevalence -- 10.2.2 AD Pathology and Smoking -- 10.2.3 Nicotinic Acetylcholinergic Receptors and Aβs -- 10.3 Our Hypothesis of a Therapeutic System for AD by Removal of Blood Aβ -- 10.4 Definition of Aβ Removal Activities of the Devices -- 10.5 Adsorption Devices for Blood Aβ Removal -- 10.6 Blood Aβ Removal by Hemodialyzers in Hemodialysis -- 10.7 Removal of Blood Aβs Evoked Influx of Aβs into the Blood.

10.8 Are the Influxes of Aβs into the Blood from the Brain? -- 10.9 Effects of Hemodialysis, One of the Blood Aβ Removal Methods, on Cognitive Function -- 10.10 Effects of Smoking on Removal of Blood Aβ -- 10.11 Effects of Smoking on Cognitive Function and Brain Atrophy in Renal Failure Patients -- 10.12 Closing -- References.