Standard Theory Of Particle Physics, The : : Essays To Celebrate Cern's 60th Anniversary.

• Superior document: Advanced Series On Directions In High Energy Physics ; v.26
• Author: Maiani, Luciano.
• TeilnehmendeR: Rolandi, Luigi.
• Place / Publishing House: Singapore : : World Scientific Publishing Company,, 2016.; ©2016.
• Year of Publication: 2016
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Advanced Series On Directions In High Energy Physics
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (483 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Contents
• Preface
• 1. The Evolution of Quantum Field Theory: From QED to Grand Unification
• 1. The Early Days, Before 1970
• 2. The New Ideas of the 1970s
• 3. The Strong Interactions
• 4. The First Years of the Standard Model. Quantum Chromodynamics
• 5. The Large N Limit. Planar Diagrams
• 6. Grand Unification
• 7. Magnetic Monopoles, Solitons and Instantons
• 8. Supersymmetry and Gravity
• 9. Calculations
• 10. Conclusions and Outlook
• References
• 2. The Making of the Standard Theory
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Prehistory
• 2.1. The electron spectrum in β-decay
• 2.2. Enter the neutrino
• 2.3. Fermi's Tentativo
• 2.4. The high energy behaviour
• 3. Thirty Years of Unconcern, Thirty Years of Doubt
• 3.1. Fermi's theory as the most successful phenomenology
• 3.2. Fermi's theory as the most inspiring model
• 3.3. Fermi's theory as a an effective field theory
• 4. Gauge Theories
• 4.1. Gauge invariance in classical physics
• 4.2. Gauge invariance in quantum mechanics
• 4.3. From general relativity to particle physics
• 4.4. Yang-Mills and weak interactions
• 4.5. A model for leptons
• 5. Fighting the Infinities
• 5.1. The phenomenology front
• 5.2. Early attempts
• 5.3. The leading divergences
• 5.4. The next-to-leading divergences
• 6. The Standard Model
• 6.1. Which model?
• 6.1.1. No neutral currents
• 6.1.2. The U(1) × SU(2) model
• 6.2. A problem of anomalies
• 6.3. The Standard Model becomes the Standard Theory
• 7. Beyond the Standard Model
• 7.1. Why and how
• 7.2. The most beautiful speculations
• 7.2.1. Grand unified theories
• 7.2.2. Supersymmetry
• References
• 3. Quantum Chromodynamics and Deep Inelastic Scattering
• 1. Hard Scattering before QCD
• 2. The Discovery of Asymptotic Freedom
• 3. Deep Inelastic Scattering
• 4. Factorization and the QCD Improved Parton Model.
• 5. Parton Shower Monte Carlo
• 6. Jet Cross Sections
• 7. Technical Advances
• 7.1. One-loop calculations
• 8. The Age of the Automation
• 8.1. Tree graphs
• 8.2. NLO calculations
• 9. Outlook for NNLO
• 10. Epilogue
• References
• 4. Electroweak Corrections
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Pioneering Works
• 3. Constraining mt and mH
• 4. Indirect Constraints and Orientation on New Physics
• 4.1. Oblique parameters
• 4.2. Effective parameters at the Z pole
• 4.3. Effective operators
• 4.4. Examples in specific models
• 5. High Precision in the Standard Model
• Acknowledgments
• References
• 5. Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Introduction to Lattice Phenomenology
• 2.1. Uncertainties in lattice simulations
• 2.1.1. Unphysical light-quark masses
• 2.1.2. Lattice spacings and volumes
• 2.2. Renormalisation
• 2.3. Heavy quarks
• 3. Determination of αs and the Quark Masses
• 4. Selected Quantities in Flavour Physics
• 4.1. Leptonic decays of mesons
• 4.2. Neutral-meson mixing and semileptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons
• 4.3. Hadronic decays
• 4.3.1. Two-body decay amplitudes
• 4.3.2. On the difficulty of studying exclusive nonleptonic B decays
• 5. New Directions
• 5.1. Hadronic effects in the muon's electric dipole moment
• 5.2. Long-distance contributions to hadronic processes
• 5.3. R(D) and R(D∗)
• 6. Summary and Future Prospects
• References
• 6. The Determination of the Strong Coupling Constant
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Framework
• 3. Observables
• 4. Brief Historical Overview
• 5. Conclusions
• Acknowledgments
• References
• 7. Hadron Contribution to Vacuum Polarisation
• 1. Introduction and Historical Perspective
• 2. Dispersion Relations
• 3. e+e− Data
• 3.1. Experimental progress toward precision
• 3.2. Progress in combining data
• 4. Use of tau Data.
• 5. Use of Theory
• 6. Applications
• 6.1. The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
• 6.2. Running electromagnetic fine structure constant at M2Z
• 7. Perspectives
• References
• 8. The Number of Neutrinos and the Z Line Shape
• 1. Introduction: What is the Number of Families of Fermions?
• 2. Determination of the Number of Light Neutrino Species at LEP and SLC
• 3. Determination of the Z Line Shape Parameters
• 4. Precision Measurements of the Mass and Width of the Z
• 5. The Discovery of the Top Quark, the Higgs Boson Mass
• 6. Discussion and Outlook
• References
• 9. Asymmetries at the Z pole: The Quark and Lepton Quantum Numbers
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Asymmetries and Polarisations at the Z pole
• 3. Forward-Backward Asymmetries
• 3.1. Lepton forward-backward asymmetries
• 3.2. Heavy quark asymmetries
• 3.2.1. Lepton tagging
• 3.2.2. Inclusive measurements
• 3.2.3. Heavy quark asymmetries: Combined results and QCD corrections
• 4. Asymmetries with Polarised Beams
• 4.1. Measurement of the left-right asymmetry (ALR)
• 4.2. Heavy quark asymmetries with polarised beams
• 5. Measurement of the tau Polarisation in Z Decays
• 6. Interpretations
• 6.1. The determinations of sin2 θ eff
• 6.2. Extraction of neutral current couplings
• 7. Summary and Outlook
• References
• 10. The W Boson Mass Measurement
• 1. Introduction
• 2. History of the W Mass Measurement
• 3. Theoretical Considerations of MW
• 4. Tevatron MW Measurements from Run 2
• 5. Techniques for MW Measurement at Hadron Colliders
• 5.1. Lepton momentum and energy calibration
• 5.2. Hadronic recoil simulation
• 5.3. Backgrounds
• 5.4. Production and decay model
• 5.5. Results
• 6. Summary and Conclusions
• Acknowledgments
• References
• 11. Top Quark Mass
• 1. A Brief History of the Top Quark
• 2. The Short Life of a Top Quark.
• 3. Conventional Top Quark Mass Measurements at Hadron Colliders
• 3.1. World average anno 2014
• 3.2. New results in mMCt measurements since 2014
• 3.3. Prospects for mMC
• 3.4. Extraction of mMCt with different observables
• 4. Top Mass Extraction Using Other Top Mass Definitions
• 5. Top Mass Prospects at Lepton Colliders
• 6. Summary and Outlook
• References
• 12. Global Fits of the Electroweak Standard Theory: Past, Present and Future
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Ingredients of Electroweak Fits
• 2.1. Experimental measurements
• 2.2. Theoretical predictions
• 3. Important Milestones of the Electroweak Fit
• 4. Current Status After the Higgs Discovery
• 5. Constraints on Physics Beyond the ST
• 6. Perspectives of the Electroweak Fit
• 7. Conclusion
• References
• 13. Production of Electroweak Bosons at Hadron Colliders: Theoretical Aspects
• 1. Introduction
• 2. QCD Aspects of Inclusive Vector Boson Production
• 2.1. Rapidity spectrum of W and Z bosons
• 2.1.1. W charge asymmetries
• 2.1.2. Z rapidity spectrum and lepton charge asymmetries
• 2.2. Transverse momentum spectrum
• 2.3. Off-shell gauge-boson production at large invariant mass
• 3. Multiple Production of Vector Bosons
• 4. Associated Production of Vector Bosons with Jets and Heavy Quarks
• 4.1. W+charm quarks
• 4.2. V + QQ̄, with Q = c, b
• 4.3. V + tt ̄-- 5. Conclusions
• References
• 14. A Historical Profile of the Higgs Boson
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Prehistory
• 3. And Then There Was Higgs
• 4. A Phenomenological Profile of the Higgs Boson
• 5. Searches for the Higgs Boson at LEP
• 6. Searches for the Higgs Boson at Hadron Colliders
• 7. Is It Really a/the Higgs Boson?
• 8. More Higgs, Less Higgs? More than Higgs?
• 9. Apres Higgs
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 15. The Higgs Boson Search and Discovery
• 1. Overview.
• 2. Higgs Searches at the Tevatron
• 2.1. Low mass Higgs boson searches
• 2.2. High mass Higgs boson searches
• 3. Higgs Searches at the LHC
• 3.1. Searches for H → γγ
• 3.2. Searches for H → ZZ(∗) → llll
• 3.3. Searches in H → W+W− → +ν − ̄-- 3.4. Searches in H → τ+ττ̔̈2212; and in H → bb̄
• 4. The Discovery of the Higgs Boson
• 4.1. ATLAS and CMS discoveries
• 4.2. Tevatron combined results
• 5. Conclusion and Prospects
• References
• 16. Higgs Boson Properties
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Overview of Analyses Used
• 2.1. Rare decays
• 2.2. BSM decays
• 3. Measurements
• 3.1. Mass
• 3.2. Total width
• 3.3. Differential and fiducial cross-sections
• 4. Searches for Deviations
• 4.1. Compatibility in decay kinematics
• 4.1.1. Hypothesis tests on the spin of the new boson
• 4.1.2. Kinematic decay structure of a J = 0 boson
• 4.2. Compatibility in signal yields
• 4.3. Compatibility in couplings
• 5. Summary
• References
• 17. Flavour Physics and Implication for New Phenomena
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Some Historical Remarks
• 3. The Flavour Sector of the Standard Theory
• 3.1. The CKM matrix
• 4. The Flavour Problem
• 5. The Minimal Flavour Violation Hypothesis
• 6. Flavour Symmetry Breaking Beyond MFV
• 7. Flavor Physics and Partial Compositeness
• 8. Dynamical Yukawa Couplings
• 9. Conclusions
• References
• 18. Rare Decays Probing Physics Beyond the Standard Theory
• 1. Historical Role of Rare Decays
• 2. Flavour Structure and Symmetries in the ST
• 3. Quark Flavour Changing Neutral Decays
• 3.1. K+ → π+νν, K0L→ π0νν
• 3.2. B0d→ K∗0μ+μτ̔̈2212;
• 3.3. B0(d,s)→ μ+μτ̔̈2212;
• 4. Lepton Flavour Changing Neutral Currents
• 5. Final Remarks
• Acknowledgments
• References
• 19. Neutrino Masses and Flavor Oscillations
• 1. Neutrinos and Their Sources
• 1.1. From Pauli's hypothesis to the discoveries of neutrinos.
• 1.2. Where do neutrinos come from?.