Ethics and Drug Resistance : : Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health.

Ethics and Drug Resistance : : Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health.

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:Public Health Ethics Analysis Series ; v.5
:
Jamrozik, Euzebiusz.
TeilnehmendeR:
Selgelid, Michael.
Place / Publishing House:Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2020.
©2020.
Year of Publication:2020
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Series:Public Health Ethics Analysis Series
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (452 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Ethics and Drug Resistance:Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health
  • Introduction: Ethics and Drug Resistance
  • Background
  • Part I: Ethics and Drug-Resistance in Context
  • Part II: Theoretical Approaches to Ethics and Drug Resistance
  • Part III: Ethics, Regulation, Governance, and Drug Resistance
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Part I: Ethics and Drug Resistance in Context
  • Chapter 1: Drug-Resistant Infection: Causes, Consequences, and Responses
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Causes
  • 1.2.1 Evolution and Transmission of Resistance Genes
  • 1.2.2 Antimicrobial Use in Humans
  • 1.2.3 Transmission
  • 1.2.4 Antimicrobial Use in Animals and Agriculture
  • 1.3 Consequences
  • 1.3.1 Direct Harms to Human Beings
  • 1.3.2 Economic Consequences
  • 1.3.3 Burdensome Public Health Interventions
  • 1.4 Responses
  • 1.4.1 New Drugs
  • 1.4.2 Research and Surveillance
  • 1.4.2.1 Reducing Use in Humans
  • 1.4.2.2 Reducing Use in Animals and Agriculture
  • 1.4.2.3 Addressing Social Determinants of Health
  • 1.4.2.4 Infection Control
  • 1.4.2.5 Vaccines
  • 1.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 2: Preventive Therapy for Multidrug Resistant Latent Tuberculosis Infection: An Ethical Imperative with Ethical Barriers to Implementation?
  • 2.1 Background
  • 2.2 Discussion
  • 2.2.1 Ongoing and Proposed Clinical Trials to Evaluate Antibiotic Therapy to Prevent Drug-Resistant Infection
  • 2.2.2 Challenges in the Use of Antibiotics as a Research Intervention in LTBI Treatment
  • 2.2.2.1 How to Balance Between Uncertainties and Risk of Harm: A Common Issue in Public Health Practice
  • 2.2.2.2 Development of Acquired Drug Resistance during Preventive Therapy
  • 2.2.3 Challenge in Conducting Research Using Fluoroquinolone in Children
  • 2.2.4 Poor Understanding about LTBI and the Use of Diagnostic Tests.
  • 2.2.5 Challenges in Obtaining Informed Consent and Following-up Study Participants
  • 2.2.6 Stigmatization
  • 2.3 Solutions for Identified Ethical Problems and Challenges
  • 2.3.1 Developing a Comprehensive LTBI Research Agenda
  • 2.3.2 Collaboration
  • 2.3.3 Provide Education and Raise Community Awareness of LTBI
  • 2.3.4 Strengthen Communication Between Research Ethics Committees (RECs) and Researchers
  • 2.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Providing Universal Access While Avoiding Antiretroviral Resistance: Ethical Tensions in HIV Treatment
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Drug Resistant HIV
  • 3.3 A Word on HIV Monitoring
  • 3.4 Key Elements of the 'Public Health' Approach to HIV
  • 3.5 Changes in Eligibility for ART
  • 3.6 ART in Pregnancy in LMIC: A Case Study
  • 3.7 Addressing ART Resistance
  • 3.8 Biomedical Prevention and Drug Resistance
  • 3.9 Monitoring Drug Resistance Beyond the Individual
  • 3.10 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Ethics and Antimalarial Drug Resistance
  • 4.1 The Problem, Context and Background
  • 4.1.1 How Should the Problem of Artemisinin Resistant Malaria be Tackled?
  • 4.2 Practical Ethical Issues Arising in These Interventions
  • 4.2.1 Ongoing Surveillance
  • 4.2.2 Mass Drug Administration (MDA)
  • 4.2.3 Mass Screening and Treatment (MSAT)
  • 4.2.4 Vector Control
  • 4.2.5 Targeting 'Source' Populations
  • 4.2.6 Mandatory Screening
  • 4.2.7 Triple Artemisinin Combination Therapies (TACTs)
  • 4.3 Summary of Ethical Considerations
  • 4.3.1 Autonomy and Consent Versus the Global Benefit
  • 4.3.2 Risk Benefit
  • 4.3.3 Data and Sample Sharing
  • 4.3.4 Scientific Disagreement About the Best Way Forward
  • 4.4 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Antimicrobial Resistance and the Private Sector in Southeast Asia
  • 5.1 Diversity, Epidemiology and Surveillance Capacity
  • 5.2 Private Health Services and AMR.
  • 5.3 Policy Challenges in Tackling AMR
  • 5.4 Ethical Issues
  • 5.5 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 6: Hospital Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS): Dual Strategies to Reduce Antibiotic Resistance (ABR) in Hospitals
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Hospital Infection in the "Pre-Antibiotic Era"
  • 6.3 The Antibiotic Era
  • 6.4 Antibiotic Use and Stewardship in Hospitals
  • 6.5 Hospital Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) and ABR
  • 6.5.1 Healthcare-Associated Infections and Their Consequences
  • 6.5.2 Hospital IPC Programs
  • 6.5.3 The Central Role of Hand Hygiene in IPC
  • 6.5.4 Doctors and IPC
  • 6.5.5 The Organization's Role in IPC/AMS Programs
  • 6.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 7: Epidemiology and Ethics of Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals
  • 7.1 Introduction: Evolutionary History of Antimicrobial Resistance as a Natural Phenomenon
  • 7.2 Drug Resistance as an Animal or Public Health Concern
  • 7.3 Antimicrobial Use in Animals
  • 7.4 Surveillance for Antimicrobial Resistance in Animals
  • 7.5 Summary and Conclusion
  • References
  • Part II: Theoretical Approaches to Ethics and Drug Resistance
  • Chapter 8: The Virtuous Physician and Antimicrobial Prescribing Policy and Practice
  • 8.1 Antimicrobial Resistance and Virtue Ethics
  • 8.2 Medical Virtues and Antimicrobial Prescribing
  • 8.3 Community-Centred Medical Virtues and Antimicrobial Prescribing Practice and Policy
  • 8.4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 9: Moral Responsibility and the Justification of Policies to Preserve Antimicrobial Effectiveness
  • 9.1 The Problem of Antimicrobial Resistance
  • 9.2 Public Goods, Tragedy of the Commons, and Policies to Address Antimicrobial Resistance
  • 9.3 Morality and Antimicrobial Consumption.
  • 9.4 Individual Responsibility and Duty of Easy Rescue: The Ethical Solution to the Tragedy of the Commons and the Responsibilities of the State
  • 9.5 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 10: Access to Effective Diagnosis and Treatment for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Deepening the Human Rights-Based Approach
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Access to Effective DR-TB Diagnosis and Treatment
  • 10.3 Rights Based Approach to DR-TB
  • 10.4 The Right to Enjoy the Benefits of Scientific Progress
  • 10.4.1 The Obligation to Respect
  • 10.4.2 The Obligation to Protect
  • 10.4.3 Obligation to Fulfill
  • 10.4.4 Realising the REBSP
  • 10.4.5 Minimum Core Obligations
  • 10.5 Lack of Scientific Progress in DR-TB
  • 10.6 Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Essential Medicines
  • 10.7 Creating an Enabling Environment
  • 10.8 International Cooperation to Improve Access to DR-TB Drugs
  • 10.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • Chapter 11: The Right to Refuse Treatment for Infectious Disease
  • 11.1 The Right to Refuse Medical Treatment
  • 11.2 Existing Approaches to Compelled Treatment for Infectious Diseases
  • 11.3 Ethical Analysis
  • References
  • Chapter 12: Surveillance and Control of Asymptomatic Carriers of Drug-Resistant Bacteria
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.1.1 History
  • 12.1.2 Against Microbial Determinism
  • 12.1.3 Key Drug-Resistant Pathogens
  • 12.2 The Public Health Problem
  • 12.2.1 Antibiotic Use and Drug Resistance
  • 12.2.2 Transmission
  • 12.2.3 Duration of Carriage
  • 12.3 Potential Public Health Responses
  • 12.3.1 Surveillance, Notification, and Monitoring
  • 12.3.2 Restrictions of Freedom of Movement (Isolation, Quarantine, Travel Bans)
  • 12.3.3 Treatment and Decolonization
  • 12.4 Ethical Issues
  • 12.4.1 Applying Public Health Ethics Frameworks
  • 12.4.2 Public Health Intervention for Healthy Carriers.
  • 12.4.3 Burdens of Interventions and Support for Carriers
  • 12.5 The Need for More Surveillance and Research
  • 12.6 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 13: Conceptualizing the Impact of MDRO Control Measures Directed at Carriers: A Capability Approach
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 The Ethical Treatment of MDRO Carriers: A Neglected Issue
  • 13.3 A Capabilitarian Framework for Conceptualizing the Impact of MDRO Control Measures
  • 13.4 Nussbaum's Ten Central Capabilities: A Starting Point
  • 13.5 A Taxonomy of Normatively Relevant Capabilities in the Context of Addressing MDRO Carriership
  • 13.6 Applying the Capabilitarian Taxonomy in Practice
  • 13.7 Concluding Remarks
  • References
  • Chapter 14: A Capability Perspective on Antibiotic Resistance, Inequality, and Child Development
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Capability Theory
  • 14.3 Infectious Disease and Capabilities
  • 14.4 Human Dignity and Infectious Disease
  • 14.5 Clustering of Disadvantage: The Example of Growth Stunting
  • 14.6 Capability Thresholds and Inequality?
  • 14.7 International Cooperation, Unequal Partners
  • 14.8 A Relational Approach to Capability Inequality
  • 14.9 Inequalities Subvert Capabilities
  • 14.10 Addressing Inequalities, Achieving Capability Thresholds
  • 14.11 Conclusions
  • References
  • Chapter 15: Fairness in the Use of Information About Carriers of Resistant Infections
  • 15.1 The Important Roles of Information
  • 15.2 The Vector Perspective
  • 15.3 The Victim Perspective
  • 15.4 Fairness in Information Use
  • References
  • Chapter 16: Antimicrobial Resistance and Social Inequalities in Health: Considerations of Justice
  • 16.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Health Inequalities and Health Egalitarianism: Definitions
  • 16.2.1 Toward a Multi-dimensional Account of Justice, Health, and Equality as a Normative Goal
  • 16.3 Examples
  • 16.3.1 Example: AMR, Sex, and Gender.
  • 16.3.2 Example: AMR and Parasitic Infection.

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