An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI.

An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI.

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:SpringerBriefs in Ethics Series
:
Bartneck, Christoph.
TeilnehmendeR:
Lütge, Christoph.
Wagner, Alan.
Welsh, Sean.
Place / Publishing House:Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2020.
©2021.
Year of Publication:2020
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Series:SpringerBriefs in Ethics Series
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (124 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • 1 About the Book
  • 1.1 Authors
  • 1.2 Structure of the Book
  • 2 What Is AI?
  • 2.1 Introduction to AI
  • 2.1.1 The Turing Test
  • 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI
  • 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems
  • 2.2 What Is Machine Learning?
  • 2.3 What Is a Robot?
  • 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act
  • 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult
  • 2.4 What Is Hard for AI
  • 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI
  • 3 What Is Ethics?
  • 3.1 Descriptive Ethics
  • 3.2 Normative Ethics
  • 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics
  • 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics
  • 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics
  • 3.3 Meta-ethics
  • 3.4 Applied Ethics
  • 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law
  • 3.6 Machine Ethics
  • 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples
  • 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing
  • 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems
  • 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust
  • 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust
  • 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI
  • 4.3.1 Non-maleficence
  • 4.3.2 Beneficence
  • 4.3.3 Autonomy
  • 4.3.4 Justice
  • 4.3.5 Explicability
  • 4.4 Conclusion
  • 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems
  • 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle
  • 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon
  • 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability
  • 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability
  • 5.3 Strict Liability
  • 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands
  • 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions
  • 6 Risks in the Business of AI
  • 6.1 General Business Risks
  • 6.1.1 Functional Risk
  • 6.1.2 Systemic Risk
  • 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud
  • 6.1.4 Safety Risk
  • 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI
  • 6.2.1 Reputational Risk
  • 6.2.2 Legal Risk
  • 6.2.3 Environmental Risk
  • 6.2.4 Social Risk
  • 6.3 Managing Risk of AI
  • 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies
  • 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers
  • 7 Psychological Aspects of AI
  • 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation.
  • 7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI
  • 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI
  • 7.2 Persuasive AI
  • 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI
  • 8 Privacy Issues of AI
  • 8.1 What Is Privacy?
  • 8.2 Why AI Needs Data
  • 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers
  • 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance
  • 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes
  • 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination
  • 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System
  • 8.4 Future Perspectives
  • 9 Application Areas of AI
  • 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement
  • 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement
  • 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition
  • 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare
  • 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine
  • 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation
  • 9.3.2 Nudging
  • 9.3.3 Psychological Care
  • 9.3.4 Exoskeletons
  • 9.3.5 Quality of Care
  • 9.4 Education
  • 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support
  • 9.4.2 Teaching
  • 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance
  • 9.5 Sex Robots
  • 10 Autonomous Vehicles
  • 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving
  • 10.2 Current Situation
  • 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs
  • 10.4 Accidents with AVs
  • 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs
  • 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs
  • 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability
  • 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents
  • 10.6.3 Privacy Issues
  • 10.6.4 Security
  • 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface
  • 10.6.6 Machine Learning
  • 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System?
  • 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios
  • 11 Military Uses of AI
  • 11.1 Definitions
  • 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems
  • 11.2.1 Discrimination
  • 11.2.2 Proportionality
  • 11.2.3 Responsibility
  • 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS
  • 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes
  • 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour
  • 11.4.2 Arguments Against
  • 11.5 Conclusion.
  • 12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge
  • 12.1 The Role of Ethics
  • 12.2 International Cooperation
  • Appendix References
  • Index.

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