An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI.

• Superior document: SpringerBriefs in Ethics Series
• Author: Bartneck, Christoph.
• TeilnehmendeR: Lütge, Christoph.; Wagner, Alan.; Welsh, Sean.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2020.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: SpringerBriefs in Ethics Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (124 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- 1 About the Book -- 1.1 Authors -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 2 What Is AI? -- 2.1 Introduction to AI -- 2.1.1 The Turing Test -- 2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI -- 2.1.3 Types of AI Systems -- 2.2 What Is Machine Learning? -- 2.3 What Is a Robot? -- 2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act -- 2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult -- 2.4 What Is Hard for AI -- 2.5 Science and Fiction of AI -- 3 What Is Ethics? -- 3.1 Descriptive Ethics -- 3.2 Normative Ethics -- 3.2.1 Deontological Ethics -- 3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics -- 3.2.3 Virtue Ethics -- 3.3 Meta-ethics -- 3.4 Applied Ethics -- 3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law -- 3.6 Machine Ethics -- 3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples -- 3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing -- 4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems -- 4.1 User Acceptance and Trust -- 4.2 Functional Elements of Trust -- 4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI -- 4.3.1 Non-maleficence -- 4.3.2 Beneficence -- 4.3.3 Autonomy -- 4.3.4 Justice -- 4.3.5 Explicability -- 4.4 Conclusion -- 5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems -- 5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle -- 5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon -- 5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability -- 5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability -- 5.3 Strict Liability -- 5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands -- 5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions -- 6 Risks in the Business of AI -- 6.1 General Business Risks -- 6.1.1 Functional Risk -- 6.1.2 Systemic Risk -- 6.1.3 Risk of Fraud -- 6.1.4 Safety Risk -- 6.2 Ethical Risks of AI -- 6.2.1 Reputational Risk -- 6.2.2 Legal Risk -- 6.2.3 Environmental Risk -- 6.2.4 Social Risk -- 6.3 Managing Risk of AI -- 6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies -- 6.5 Risks of AI to Workers -- 7 Psychological Aspects of AI -- 7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation.

7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI -- 7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI -- 7.2 Persuasive AI -- 7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI -- 8 Privacy Issues of AI -- 8.1 What Is Privacy? -- 8.2 Why AI Needs Data -- 8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers -- 8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance -- 8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes -- 8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination -- 8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System -- 8.4 Future Perspectives -- 9 Application Areas of AI -- 9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement -- 9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement -- 9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition -- 9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare -- 9.3 Robots and Telemedicine -- 9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation -- 9.3.2 Nudging -- 9.3.3 Psychological Care -- 9.3.4 Exoskeletons -- 9.3.5 Quality of Care -- 9.4 Education -- 9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support -- 9.4.2 Teaching -- 9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance -- 9.5 Sex Robots -- 10 Autonomous Vehicles -- 10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving -- 10.2 Current Situation -- 10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs -- 10.4 Accidents with AVs -- 10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs -- 10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs -- 10.6.1 Accountability and Liability -- 10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents -- 10.6.3 Privacy Issues -- 10.6.4 Security -- 10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface -- 10.6.6 Machine Learning -- 10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System? -- 10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios -- 11 Military Uses of AI -- 11.1 Definitions -- 11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 11.2.1 Discrimination -- 11.2.2 Proportionality -- 11.2.3 Responsibility -- 11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS -- 11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes -- 11.4.1 Arguments in Favour -- 11.4.2 Arguments Against -- 11.5 Conclusion.

12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge -- 12.1 The Role of Ethics -- 12.2 International Cooperation -- Appendix References -- -- Index.