Science of Societal Safety : : Living at Times of Risks and Disasters.

• Superior document: Trust Series ; v.2
• Author: Abe, Seiji.
• TeilnehmendeR: Ozawa, Mamoru.; Kawata, Yoshiaki.
• Place / Publishing House: Singapore : : Springer,, 2018.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Trust Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (228 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Part I: Human Societies and Societal Safety Sciences -- Chapter 1: What Do Societal Safety Sciences Aim at? -- 1.1 Is the Unexpected and the Unpredictable on the Steady Increase in the Twenty-First Century? -- 1.1.1 Unexpected Accidents -- 1.1.2 Unexpected Accidents and Societal Safety -- 1.2 Alleviating and Living with Disasters? -- 1.2.1 Purpose of Societal Safety Sciences -- 1.2.2 Hazards, Incidents, Accidents, and Disasters -- 1.2.3 Reducing and Coping with Risks? -- 1.3 Building Safe and Secure Society Together -- 1.3.1 Events That Threaten Human and Examining Them -- 1.3.2 Societal Safety Sciences as a Field of Synthetic Science -- 1.3.3 Methodologies and Problems with Societal Safety Sciences -- References -- Chapter 2: Advancement in Science and Technology and Human Societies -- 2.1 Advancement in Science and Technology and Changes in Human Societies -- 2.1.1 Human History and Transition of Population -- 2.1.2 Background of Population Increase During Early Stages of Industrial Revolution and Its Historical Meaning -- 2.1.3 Problems We Face in the Modern Society -- 2.2 Birth of Megacities and High-Speed Mass Transportation -- 2.2.1 Modern Societies and Megacities -- 2.2.2 Transportation Systems That Support Modern Societies -- 2.2.3 Disasters and Vulnerability of Megacities -- 2.3 ICT, AI, and the Modern Society -- 2.3.1 Development of ICT and Highly Advanced Information Society -- 2.3.2 Information Security in the Information Society -- 2.3.3 AI and Safety and Security in Human Society -- References -- Chapter 3: Contemporary Societies and Risk -- 3.1 How People Cope with Risks in Contemporary Societies -- 3.1.1 Risk Perception by Human -- 3.1.2 Significance of Risk Perception for Resolving Social Problems -- 3.1.3 Contemporary Societies and Mass Media.

3.2 Evaluation and Measures Against Risks in Contemporary Societies -- 3.2.1 Purpose of Risk Evaluation -- 3.2.2 Understanding Disasters -- 3.2.3 Difference in Evaluations of Natural and Social Disaster Risks -- 3.2.4 Discussion on Global Risk -- References -- Chapter 4: Modern Societies and Establishment of Scholarship -- 4.1 Human Societies and the Start of Scholarship -- 4.1.1 Origin of Scholarship -- 4.1.2 Decline of Scholarship in the West and Its Development in the Arabic Regions -- 4.1.3 Birth of Universities and the Twelfth-Century Renaissance -- 4.2 Birth of Modern Science -- 4.2.1 Pioneers of Modern Science -- 4.2.2 Birth of Academic Societies and Specialized Fields -- 4.3 Advancement of Scholarship and Specialization -- 4.4 Births of Safety Engineering, Disaster Science, and Risk Analysis -- References -- Part II: Events That Threaten Human and Its Societies -- Chapter 5: Human, Nature, and Artificial Products -- 5.1 Environment That Surrounds Human and Societies -- 5.2 Hazards in Natural and Social Environments -- 5.3 Development of Hazards into Accidents and Disasters -- 5.4 Risks for Evaluating Accidents and Disasters -- 5.5 Problems That Are Common to Accidents and Disasters -- References -- Chapter 6: Natural Disasters -- 6.1 History of Natural Disasters in the Japanese Islands -- 6.1.1 Disaster Environments of Japan -- 6.1.2 Natural Disasters Up to the Mid-eighteenth Century (End of Edo Era) -- 6.1.3 Natural Disasters in the Mid-eighteenth Century (Meiji Era) and After -- 6.1.4 Changes in Disasters Caused by Changes in Social Environment -- 6.2 Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions -- 6.2.1 Mechanisms of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions -- 6.2.2 Earthquake Disasters and Their Transition -- 6.2.3 Predicting and Countering Earthquake Damages -- 6.2.4 Volcanic Eruptions and Their Transition.

6.2.5 Predicting and Countering Volcanic Eruptions -- 6.3 Ground and Sediment Disasters -- 6.3.1 Types of Ground Disasters and Mechanisms of Their Occurrences -- 6.3.2 Types of Sediment Disasters and Mechanisms of Their Occurrences -- 6.3.3 Ground and Sediment Disasters -- 6.3.4 Preparations for Preventing Ground and Sediment Disasters, Measurement, and Monitoring -- 6.4 Hydrosphere Disasters -- 6.4.1 Mechanisms -- 6.4.2 Scenes of Damages -- 6.4.3 Damage Mitigation -- References -- Chapter 7: Social Disasters and Damages -- 7.1 Social Disasters and Damages -- 7.1.1 Accidents with Infrastructures -- 7.1.2 Accidents with Industrial Products -- 7.1.3 Automobile Accidents -- 7.1.4 Drug Toxicity and Safety in Medical Care -- 7.2 Human Errors and Accidents -- 7.2.1 Hazardous Human Errors -- 7.2.2 Human Errors and Accidents -- 7.2.3 Human Errors and Accident Prevention -- 7.3 History of Major Social Disasters and Their Countermeasures -- 7.3.1 History of Social Disasters and Accidents -- 7.3.2 Overview at Major Measures Against Social Disaster -- References -- Chapter 8: Environmental Risks -- 8.1 Change in Biological System and Risk of Infection -- 8.1.1 Accidents with Infrastructures -- 8.1.1.1 Spread of Plague in Medieval Europe -- 8.1.1.2 Dengue Fever Front Moving North with Warming and Increased Risk of Infection -- 8.1.2 Changes in Lifestyle and Risks of Infection -- 8.1.2.1 Worldwide Spread of Cholera in the Nineteenth Century -- 8.1.2.2 Once a National Disease for Japan, Tuberculosis -- 8.1.2.3 HIV/AIDS Continues to Spread -- 8.1.3 Risks of Pandemic with Infection to New Influenza and Alike -- 8.2 Risks of Climate Changes and Their Countermeasures -- 8.2.1 Risk of Climate Changes -- 8.2.2 International Actions Toward Climate Change Risks -- 8.3 Environmental Risks and Their Countermeasures -- 8.3.1 Environmental Risks of Chemical Substances.

8.3.2 Higher Concerns over Environmental Risks and Changes in Countermeasures -- 8.3.3 Managing Environmental Risks -- 8.3.4 Problems in Environmental Risk Management of Chemical Substances -- References -- Chapter 9: War, Crimes, and Terrorism -- 9.1 War, Crimes, Terrorism, and Societal Safety Sciences -- 9.2 War, Its Damages and Causes -- 9.3 Damages from Crimes -- 9.3.1 World Comparison of Crimes -- 9.3.2 Trend of Crimes in Japan -- 9.4 Terrorism -- 9.4.1 Trend of Terrorism -- 9.4.2 Changes with Terrorism -- 9.4.3 Measures for Terrorism Prevention: Case of the United Kingdom -- 9.4.4 Current State of Terrorism Prevention in Japan and Problems -- References -- Part III: Risk Analysis and Management -- Chapter 10: Methods in Risk Analysis -- 10.1 Evaluation and Probabilities of Risks -- 10.2 Analysis and Forecast Models of Risks -- 10.3 Decision-Making for Risk Minimization -- Chapter 11: Risk Management -- 11.1 What Is Risk Management? -- 11.1.1 Nature of Risk Management -- 11.1.2 Concept of Risk -- 11.1.3 Elements of Risk -- 11.1.4 Process of Risk Management -- 11.1.5 Establishing the Context -- 11.2 Risk Assessment -- 11.2.1 Risk Assessment -- 11.2.2 Risk Identification -- 11.2.3 Risk Analysis and Evaluation -- 11.3 Risk Treatment -- 11.4 Executing Risk Management -- 11.4.1 Communication: Sharing Understanding about Risk Treatment -- 11.4.2 Coordination: Organizational Structure of Risk Management -- References -- Chapter 12: Risk Communication and Disaster Information -- 12.1 Risk Communication -- 12.1.1 What Is Risk Communication? -- 12.1.2 What Information to Provide with Risk Communication -- 12.1.3 Roles of the Sender and Receiver of Risk Communication -- 12.1.4 Risk Communication of Societal Risk and Personal Risk -- 12.2 Disaster Information -- 12.2.1 Importance of Disaster Information -- 12.2.2 Transferring Emergency Information.

12.2.3 Transferring Reconstruction Information -- 12.2.4 Information for Awareness and Promotion -- 12.3 Disaster Education -- 12.3.1 Transition of Concept of Learning and Disaster Education in Need -- 12.3.2 Disaster Education as an Opportunity for Mutual Communication -- 12.3.3 Importance of Sharing the Meaning of Disaster Management -- References -- Chapter 13: Crisis Management -- 13.1 What Is Crisis Management? -- 13.1.1 Meaning of Crisis -- 13.1.2 Significance of Crisis Management -- 13.1.3 Relation Between Risk Management and Crisis Management -- 13.1.4 Finkś Crisis Management Theory -- 13.2 Crisis Management of the Administration -- 13.2.1 Origin of Crisis Management: Cuban Missile Crisis -- 13.2.2 Crisis Management by the Japanese Government -- 13.2.3 USA that Learned Its Lesson: Summary of Disaster Crisis Management -- 13.3 Crisis Management of Corporations -- References -- Part IV: Social Mechanisms for Disaster Management -- Chapter 14: Public Systems for Disaster Management -- 14.1 Societal Safety and Legal System -- 14.1.1 What Is Law? System of Law -- 14.1.2 Corporations and Societal Safety -- 14.1.3 Central and Local Governments and Societal Safety -- 14.2 Administrative System and Societal Safety -- 14.2.1 Concept of Nation and Societal Safety: Watchman State and Welfare State -- 14.2.2 Societal Safety and Administrative Offices -- 14.2.2.1 Police and Administration -- 14.2.2.2 Self-Defense and Administration -- 14.2.2.3 Natural Disasters and Administration in Japan -- 14.2.2.4 Advancement of Scientific Technology and Administration -- 14.2.2.5 Health Maintenance and Administration in Japan -- 14.2.2.6 Traffic and Administration -- 14.2.2.7 Consumers and Administration -- 14.3 Standardization and Standards -- 14.3.1 Value and Convenience of Standardization -- 14.3.1.1 What Is Standardization?.

14.3.1.2 Value of Standardization and Problems.