Buruli Ulcer : : Mycobacterium Ulcerans Disease.

Buruli Ulcer : : Mycobacterium Ulcerans Disease.

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Bibliographic Details
:
Pluschke, Gerd.
TeilnehmendeR:
Röltgen, Katharina.
Place / Publishing House:Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.
©2019.
Year of Publication:2019
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (290 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Buruli Ulcer: History and Disease Burden
  • Buruli Ulcer in Africa
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Management of BU in Africa
  • 2.1 Structure of Health Systems in Africa and Implications for the Management of BU
  • 2.2 Diagnosis and Treatment of BU
  • 3 Geographical Distribution of BU: Reporting of Cases Versus Actual Situation in Africa
  • 4 Distribution of BU Among Affected Populations in Africa
  • 5 The Etiology of BU in Africa
  • 6 Future Perspectives
  • References
  • Buruli Ulcer in Australia
  • 1 Bairnsdale Ulcer and the Discovery of Mycobacterium ulcerans
  • 2 Buruli Ulcer in Queensland
  • 3 Buruli Ulcer in Victoria
  • 4 Buruli Ulcer in Animals in Victoria
  • 5 Recent Epidemiology of Buruli Ulcer in Victoria
  • 6 Clinical Management of Buruli Ulcer in Australia
  • 7 Buruli Ulcer: The Australian Paradox
  • References
  • Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection in French Guiana
  • Current State of Knowledge
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Links Between the Human Host and the Bacteria
  • 2.1 Risk Factors of BU in French Guiana
  • 2.2 Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects of BU in French Guiana
  • 2.3 A Link Between Rainfall and BU Cases
  • 2.4 Genetic Diversity of M. ulcerans Among Local BU Cases
  • 3 Environment and the Bacteria
  • 3.1 First Detection of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA in Environmental Samples from French Guiana
  • 3.2 Biodiversity Drivers of M. ulcerans Distribution Across Freshwater Habitats
  • 4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Buruli Ulcer in Japan
  • 1 Epidemiology and Bacteriological and Genomic Features of M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense
  • 1.1 Epidemiology
  • 1.2 Genome
  • 1.3 Biochemical Properties
  • 2 Clinical Features and Treatment of BU in Japan
  • 2.1 Antimicrobial Treatment
  • 2.2 Alternative Treatments of BU
  • 2.3 Other Suggested Therapies.
  • 3 M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense in the Environment of Japan
  • 3.1 Detection of Environmental M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense in Japan
  • 3.2 Seasonal Variation of BU in Japan
  • 3.3 PCR Detection of M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense DNA in the Environment
  • 4 BU in Asia and Future Perspectives
  • 4.1 BU in China
  • 4.2 Toward Detection of BU in Other Asian Countries
  • References
  • Population Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium ulcerans
  • 1 First Insights from the Complete Genome of Mycobacterium ulcerans
  • 2 An Aquatic Origin and Two Bottlenecks for a Recently Emerged, and Globally Distributed Pathogen
  • 3 New Understandings from Genomics on the Spread of M. ulcerans Across Africa
  • 4 Genomic Approaches to Micro-Molecular Epidemiological Investigations of BU
  • 5 Distinguishing Relapse from Reinfection and Familial Studies
  • 6 Summary and Future Perspectives
  • References
  • Mycolactone: More than Just a Cytotoxin
  • 1 Mycolactone and BU Disease
  • 1.1 Pharmacodistribution
  • 1.2 Mycolactone Contribution to BU Disease Manifestations
  • 1.2.1 Pathogenesis and Histopathology of BU Lesions
  • 1.2.2 Local Analgesia
  • 1.2.3 Local and Systemic Immunomodulation
  • 2 Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of Action
  • 2.1 Sec61 Blockade
  • 2.2 AT2R Stimulation
  • 2.3 N-WASP Activation
  • 3 Conclusions
  • References
  • The Immunology of Buruli Ulcer
  • 1 Buruli Ulcer: The First Histological Observations of a Necrotic Track
  • 2 Host Attempts to Control Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection
  • 2.1 Local Immune Response
  • 2.2 Regional and Systemic Responses
  • 3 Diagnostics Research Make it Evident: The Triggering of Cellular and Humoral Arms
  • 4 Antibiotic Treatment in the Aid of the Host Immune Response
  • 5 Epidemiological Clues and the Search for Novel Resistance and Susceptibility Markers.
  • 6 (Un)successful Preventive Approaches
  • 7 Novel Models for Investigation and Future Perspectives
  • 8 Conclusions
  • References
  • Buruli Ulcer in Animals and Experimental Infection Models
  • 1 Naturally Infected Animals
  • 2 The Mouse (Mus musculus) Model
  • 2.1 History of the BU Mouse Model
  • 2.2 Experimental Infection of the Mouse
  • 2.2.1 Infection Sites
  • 2.2.2 Mouse Strains
  • 2.2.3 Mycobacterial Strains Used for Experimental Infection
  • 2.2.4 Dose and Preparation of the Bacterial Inocula
  • 2.2.5 Infection Outcomes and What to Measure
  • 2.3 Research Applications for the Mouse Model
  • 2.3.1 Antimicrobial Compound Testing
  • 2.3.2 Vaccine Development
  • 2.3.3 Study of the Pathogenesis of Buruli Ulcer and the Immune Response to the Disease
  • 3 Other Animal Models
  • 3.1 Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
  • 3.2 Pig (Sus scrofa)
  • 3.3 Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus)
  • 3.4 Anole Lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
  • 3.5 Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)
  • 3.6 Cynomologus Monkey (Maca fascicularis)
  • 3.7 African Rat (Mastomys natalensis)
  • 3.8 Common Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)
  • 4 Conclusions
  • References
  • Laboratory Diagnosis of Buruli Ulcer: Challenges and Future Perspectives
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Currently Available Laboratory Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.1 Specimen Collection and Reference Standards
  • 2.2 IS2404 PCR: The Current Gold Standard
  • 2.3 Detection of AFBs by Microscopy: A Test for the Primary Healthcare Level with Limited Sensitivity
  • 2.4 Considerations on the Accuracy of IS2404 qPCR and AFB Detection by Microscopy: Direct Comparison of the Two Techniques
  • 2.5 Histopathology and Cultivation of M. ulcerans: Research Tools Rather than Diagnostic Tests
  • 2.6 From Theory into Practice: Diagnosis of BU in Resource-Constrained Endemic Countries.
  • 3 Development of BU Diagnostics for District Hospital or Primary Healthcare Facility Level
  • 3.1 LAMP: An Alternative for the Detection of M. ulcerans DNA
  • 3.2 Detection of Mycolactone by f-TLC: Struggling with the Complexity of Lipid Extracts
  • 3.3 Serological Tests: Only Suitable for Seroepidemiological Studies
  • 3.4 Detection of Mycolactone and M. ulcerans Proteins by Antigen Detection Assays: Prospects for the Development of an RDT
  • 4 Discussion
  • 5 Outlook
  • References
  • Antimicrobial Treatment of Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection
  • 1 Historical Aspects
  • 2 Antimicrobial Susceptibility of M. ulcerans
  • 2.1 Ansamycins/Rifamycins
  • 2.2 Aminoglycosides: Streptomycin
  • 2.3 Amikacin
  • 2.4 Macrolides: Clarithromycin
  • 2.5 Azithromycin
  • 2.6 Fluoroquinolones
  • 2.7 Clofazimine
  • 2.8 Dapsone
  • 2.9 Doxycycline
  • 2.10 Oxazolidinones
  • 2.11 Avermectins
  • 2.12 Trimethoprim and Epiroprim
  • 3 Experimental Drugs
  • 4 Clinical Studies
  • 4.1 Secondary Infection
  • 4.2 HIV Co-infection
  • 5 Conclusions
  • Areas of Uncertainty
  • and Future Directions
  • References
  • Thermotherapy of Buruli Ulcer
  • References
  • Secondary Infection of Buruli Ulcer Lesions
  • 1 Background
  • 2 Bacterial Species Associated with Secondary Infections
  • 2.1 Species Diversity
  • 3 Bacterial Burden
  • 4 Diagnosing Secondary Infection in BU
  • 5 Drug Susceptibility Patterns of Bacterial Isolates from BU Lesions
  • 6 Molecular Epidemiology
  • 6.1 Sources of Infection
  • 7 Predisposing Socio-Economic Factors
  • 8 Prevention of Secondary Infection
  • 9 Wound Care
  • References
  • Management of BU-HIV Co-infection
  • 1 Epidemiology
  • 2 Clinical Effects of BU-HIV Co-Infection
  • 3 Diagnosis
  • 4 Management of BU-HIV Co-Infection
  • 4.1 BU Treatment
  • 4.2 HIV Treatment
  • 4.3 HIV and BU Treatment Interactions.
  • 4.4 Children
  • 4.5 Tuberculosis
  • 4.6 Service Provision
  • References
  • Social Science Contributions to BU Focused Health Service Research in West-Africa
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Part One
  • 2.1 Predisposing Factors: Cultural Perceptions of BU Causality, Social Stigma, and Preference for Traditional Healing
  • 2.1.1 Cultural Perceptions of BU Causality
  • Benin
  • Cameroon
  • Ghana
  • 2.1.2 Stigma and Social Risk
  • 2.1.3 Traditional Healers
  • Enabling Factors
  • 2.2 Service Level Factors Affecting Health Care Seeking and Treatment Adherence
  • 3 Part Two: Social Science Inspired Interventions
  • 3.1 Outreach Education
  • 3.2 Introducing Decentralized BU Care in Ouinhi, Benin
  • 3.3 Establishing a BU Community of Practice: Cameroon
  • 3.4 Yaws Cases Identified as a Result of BU Outreach in Cameroon: A Case for Integrated Skin Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Programs
  • 3.5 BU Children's Support Group Ghana
  • 3.6 Mhealth as a Tool in Monitoring BU Healing in Ghana
  • 3.7 Transforming a BU Hospital into a Therapeutic Community for Inpatients
  • 4 Conclusion
  • References
  • Transdisciplinary Research and Action to Stop Buruli Ulcer: A case Study from Philanthropy
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 The Beginnings: Six Reasons Why
  • 2.1 Reason #1: Lack of Funding Incentives
  • 2.2 Reason #2: A Disease of Social Justice
  • 2.3 Reason #3: A Disease with Devastating Consequences
  • 2.4 Reason #4: The Pioneer Effect
  • 2.5 Reason #5: Existing Critical Mass of Researchers and Implementing Agencies
  • 2.6 Reason #6: Scalability and Uptake
  • 2.7 Stop Buruli Initiative
  • 3 The Model: Transdisciplinary Research and Implementation
  • 4 Key Elements for Advancing Transdisciplinarity
  • 4.1 Transdisciplinarity Does Not 'Just Happen'
  • 4.2 Governance Model
  • 5 Results
  • 5.1 Diagnosis
  • 5.2 Treatment
  • 5.3 Transmission.
  • 5.4 Socio-Cultural Aspects.

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