Socio-Environmental Dynamics along the Historical Silk Road.

• Author: Yang, Liang Emlyn.
• TeilnehmendeR: Bork, Hans-Rudolf.; Fang, Xiuqi.; Mischke, Steffen.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (535 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword I
• Foreword II
• Foreword III
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• Major Contributing Authors
• Reviewers
• Introduction
• 1 On the Paleo-climatic/Environmental Impacts and Socio-Cultural System Resilience along the Historical Silk Road
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Paleo-climatic/Environmental Changes and Impacts along the Historical Silk Road
• 1.2.1 The Physical Geography and Environmental Conditions
• 1.2.2 Paleo-climatic/Environmental Changes and Social Impacts
• 1.3 Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Resilience in a Historical Perspective
• 1.3.1 Socio-Cultural Features and Exchanges along the Silk Road Areas
• 1.3.2 Resilience of the Socio-Cultural Systems
• 1.4 Book Overview and Key Messages
• 1.4.1 Coverage of the Book
• 1.4.2 Key Messages from the Book
• 1.5 Summary and Outlook
• References
• Landscape Evolutions in the Human-Environment System
• 2 Evolution of Saline Lakes in the Guanzhong Basin During the Past 2000 Years: Inferred from Historical Records
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Regional Setting
• 2.3 Materials and Methods
• 2.4 Results
• 2.4.1 Lake Yanchize in Fuping County
• 2.4.2 Lakes Dongluchi and Xiluchi in Pucheng County
• 2.4.3 Lake Zhuyanze in Lintong County
• 2.4.4 Lake Xiaoyanchi in Dali County
• 2.5 Discussions
• 2.5.1 Causes of the Degradation and Desiccation of the Saline Lakes
• 2.5.2 Relationship with the Sanmen Paleo-Lake
• 2.6 Conclusions
• References
• 3 Landscape Response to Climate and Human Impact in Western China During the Han Dynasty
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Previous Research
• 3.3 Discussion of Climate Records from Northwestern China and Surrounding Regions
• 3.3.1 Lake Records from the West
• 3.3.2 Lake Records from the Central Region
• 3.3.3 Lake Records from the East
• 3.3.4 Speleothem Records
• 3.3.5 Ice Core Records.
• 3.4 Lake Records Which Indicate Significant Drying During or After the Han Dynasty
• 3.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
• References
• 4 The Ili River Delta: Holocene Hydrogeological Evolution and Human Colonization
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The Ili Delta
• 4.2.1 General Features
• 4.2.2 Geological History
• 4.3 Archaeological Data and Ethnographic Accounts Concerning the Southern Balkhash Territory
• 4.3.1 Archaeological Complex
• 4.3.2 Ethnographic Accounts
• 4.4 Geoarchaeological Study and Chronological Attribution of the Human Occupation of the Ili Delta
• 4.4.1 Research Projects, Area and Methodology
• 4.4.2 Research Results
• 4.5 Conclusions
• References
• 5 Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact on Aral Sea Levels by Anthropogenic Water Withdrawal and Syr Darya Course Diversion During the Medieval Period (1.0-0.8 ka BP)
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Regressions of the Aral Sea During the Last 2000 Years
• 5.2.1 Modern Crisis and Parameters of the Aral Sea and Its Feeding Syr Darya and Amu Darya Rivers
• 5.2.2 Historical Water Level Fluctuations of the Aral Sea
• 5.2.3 Causes
• 5.3 Medieval Water Withdrawal: Research Methods
• 5.4 Medieval Water Withdrawal: Research Results
• 5.4.1 The Urban Complexes of the Syr Darya Basin
• 5.4.2 Coefficient of Water Use in the Otrar Oasis in X-XII AD
• 5.4.3 Annual Water Withdrawal in the Syr Darya Basin During the X-XII AD
• 5.4.4 Total Annual Water Withdrawal in the Syr Darya and Amu Darya Basins During X-XII AD
• 5.5 Discussion
• 5.5.1 Controlling Factors of the Aral Sea Water Balance During X-XII AD
• 5.5.2 Water Diversion Events Along the Syr Darya Course
• 5.6 Conclusions
• References
• 6 Reconsidering Archaeological and Environmental Proxies for Long Term Human-Environment Interactions in the Valley of Kashmir
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Valley of Kashmir.
• 6.2.1 Geographic and Climatic Context
• 6.2.2 Archaeological and Historical Context
• 6.2.3 Holocene Palaeoclimate
• 6.3 Human-Environment Interaction in Kashmir
• 6.3.1 Previous Studies
• 6.3.2 Kashmir as Ecological Niche
• 6.3.3 Conceptualising Long Term Human-Environment Interaction in Kashmir
• 6.4 Conclusions
• 6.4.1 Discussion
• 6.4.2 Future Prospects-Pari-Has
• References
• Natural Disasters and Impacts in the Past Societies
• 7 Living with Earthquakes along the Silk Road
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Seismicity Along the Silk Road
• 7.3 Archeoseismology and Other Seismologies
• 7.4 Construction Materials in Earthquake-Resistant Techniques
• 7.4.1 Yurt
• 7.4.2 Rammed Earth, Adobe
• 7.4.3 Wood
• 7.4.4 Wood-Reinforced Masonry
• 7.4.5 Brick Bands
• 7.4.6 Metal Clamps, Bolts, Anchors and Chains
• 7.4.7 Interlocking Masonry
• 7.4.8 Roman Concrete
• 7.5 Discussion
• 7.5.1 Social Memory of Calamities
• 7.5.2 Anti-seismic Construction Practices
• 7.5.3 Earthquake-Resistant Construction Without Apparent Need
• 7.5.4 Traditional Good Practices and Modern Construction
• 7.6 Conclusions
• References
• 8 Natural Disasters in the History of the Eastern Turk Empire
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Methods
• 8.3 The Influence of Climate Extremes on the History of the Eastern Turk Empire in AD 536-685
• 8.3.1 Climate Extremes of AD 536-545
• 8.3.2 Climate Extremes of AD 581-583
• 8.3.3 Climatic Extremes of AD 599-601
• 8.3.4 Climatic Extremes of AD 627-630
• 8.3.5 Climatic Extremes of AD 679-685
• 8.4 Conclusion
• References
• 9 Dry and Humid Periods Reconstructed from Tree Rings in the Former Territory of Sogdiana (Central Asia) and Their Socio-economic Consequences over the Last Millennium
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Description of the Study Area
• 9.2.1 Regional Settings
• 9.2.2 Climate of the Study Area.
• 9.3 Materials and Methods
• 9.3.1 Tree Ring Sampling and Development of Chronologies
• 9.3.2 Climatological Data and Dendroclimatic Methods
• 9.4 Results and Discussion
• 9.4.1 Characteristics of Tree-Ring Chronology and Its Response to Climate
• 9.4.2 Moisture Changes in the Last Millennium
• 9.4.3 Socio-economic Changes During the Past Millennium
• 9.5 Conclusions
• References
• 10 A Drought Reconstruction from the Low-Elevation Juniper Forest of  Northwestern Kyrgyzstan since CE 1565
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Data and Methods
• 10.2.1 Study Area
• 10.2.2 Tree-Ring Width Chronology Development
• 10.2.3 Statistical Analysis
• 10.3 Results
• 10.3.1 Tree-Ring Width Chronology Response to Climate and SPEI Reconstruction
• 10.3.2 The Drought Characteristics of Northwestern Kyrgyzstan
• 10.4 Discussion
• 10.4.1 Comparisons with Other Drought Reconstructions
• 10.4.2 Current and Historical Drought Perspectives
• 10.5 Conclusions
• References
• Climatic Factors in the Transitions of Social Systems
• 11 Social Impacts of Climate Change in Historical China
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Concept Model: Impact-Response Processes of Climate Change Under the Framework of Food Security
• 11.3 Methodology: Quantifying Historical Social and Economic Series Based on Semantic Differential Over the Past 2000 Years in China
• 11.4 Scientific Understanding: The Macroscopic Rhythm of Climate and Social-Economic Changes
• 11.5 Conclusions and Prospects
• References
• 12 Climate Change and the Rise of the Central Asian Silk Roads
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Methods
• 12.2.1 Climate Model
• 12.2.2 Methodology
• 12.2.3 Boundary Conditions
• 12.3 Modelling Results
• 12.4 Discussion
• 12.5 Conclusions
• References
• 13 The Coming of the Barbarians: Can Climate Explain the Saljūqs' Advance?
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Ecological Frontiers.
• 13.3 Sources
• 13.4 The Coming of the Saljūqs
• 13.5 Climatological Determinism?
• 13.6 A Revisionist Approach
• 13.7 Conclusion
• References
• 14 Climate Change and the Rise and Fall of the Oxus Civilization in Southern Central Asia
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Short Note on the Geography of Southern Central Asia and Northern Iran
• 14.3 The Oxus Civilization or Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC)
• 14.4 The Fall? Overview of the End of the Oxus Civilization
• 14.5 The Environmental Hypothesis as Responsible for the Changes of the Oxus Civilization
• 14.6 The Palaeoclimate Data
• 14.7 Geomorphological Studies
• 14.8 Discussion
• 14.8.1 A Present Lack of Correlation Between the Environmental Data and the Sociocultural Evolution
• 14.8.2 Resilience and Adaptations of the Populations to Climate Variation
• 14.8.3 Convergence of Multiple Causes
• 14.9 Conclusion
• References
• 15 Climatic and Environmental Limiting Factors in the Mongol Empire's Westward Expansion: Exploring Causes for the Mongol Withdrawal from Hungary in 1242
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.1.1 Background
• 15.1.2 State of the Art and Research Questions
• 15.2 Methodology
• 15.2.1 A Comparative Historical Approach
• 15.3 Discussions
• 15.3.1 The Question of Hungary's "Suitability" Within the Mongol Empire: Before and After the Withdrawal of 1242
• 15.3.2 The Issue of the 1242-1243 Famine in Hungary and Its Causes
• 15.3.3 Local Resistance and the Possibility of Diminished Military Capacity as a Result of Climate in 1242
• 15.4 Conclusions
• References
• Social Adaptation and Resilience to Environmental Stresses
• 16 Resilience of the Human-Water System at the Southern Silk Road: A Case Study of the Northern Catchment of Erhai Lake, China (1382-1912)
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.1.1 Relationships Between Human and Water in the Long Historical Period.
• 16.1.2 Resilience Theory in Human-Water Relationships.