Finding the Limits of the Limes : : Modelling Demography, Economy and Transport on the Edge of the Roman Empire.

• Superior document: Computational Social Sciences Series
• Author: Verhagen, Philip.
• TeilnehmendeR: Joyce, Jamie.; Groenhuijzen, Mark R.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Computational Social Sciences Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (339 pages)

Table of Contents

• Finding the Limits of the Limes
• Preface
• Background
• Project Outcomes
• Setup of This Volume
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Contents
• Chapter 1: Finding the Limits of the Limes: Setting the Scene
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The Geographical Space
• 1.3 History of Research
• 1.4 Historical Setting
• 1.4.1 Early Roman Involvement (20 BCE-39 CE)
• 1.4.2 The Development of the Limes as a Frontier Zone (39-70 CE)
• 1.4.3 Integration in the Roman Empire (70-275 CE)
• 1.4.4 The End of the Dutch Limes (~ 275 CE)
• 1.4.5 Settlement Development and Population Size
• 1.5 The Rural Economy
• 1.5.1 The Surplus Question
• 1.5.2 Taxation and Landownership
• 1.5.3 Boom and Bust?
• References
• Part I: Demography and Settlement
• Chapter 2: Current Trends in Roman Demography and Empirical Approaches to the Dynamics of the Limes Populations
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 A Brief Review of Sources and Methods to Study Roman Demography
• 2.3 A Brief Overview of Roman Demographic Behaviours
• 2.3.1 Roman Population Size and Structures
• 2.3.2 Fertility
• 2.3.3 Mortality
• 2.3.4 Migration
• 2.4 Demographic Dynamics of Limes Populations over the Long Term: An Empirical Approach
• 2.4.1 One Border Zone, But Very Diverse Populations
• 2.4.2 A Migrant Population with a Skewed Sex Ratio
• 2.4.3 Demographic Crises Were Inevitable
• 2.4.4 A Faltering Demographic Recovery
• 2.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 3: Modelling the Dynamics of Demography in the Dutch Roman Limes Zone: A Revised Model
• 3.1 Introduction: Demographic Modelling in the Roman Period
• 3.1.1 Available Data Sets
• 3.1.2 Birth Control in the Roman Period
• 3.1.3 Mortality Crises in the Roman Period
• 3.1.3.1 Epidemics
• 3.1.3.2 Warfare
• 3.2 The Settlement Evidence
• 3.3 Towards a Dynamical Model of Human Reproduction
• 3.3.1 Marriage Strategies.
• 3.3.2 Birth Control
• 3.3.3 Mortality Crises
• 3.4 Results
• 3.4.1 Marriage Strategies
• 3.4.2 Birth Control
• 3.4.3 Mortality Crises
• 3.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 4: Broad and Coarse: Modelling Demography, Subsistence and Transportation in Roman England
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Demography
• 4.3 Subsistence Economy and Landscape Change
• 4.4 Transportation
• 4.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 5: A Different Vision of Ancient Settlement Dynamics: Creation and Application of a Model of Evolution of Roman Settlement of the Plateau Lorrain (France)
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 The Temporal Dimension of Data from Archaeological Field Surveys
• 5.2.1 Results of Archaeological Field Surveys: A Linear Signal
• 5.2.2 Consequences for the Study of Settlement Patterns
• 5.3 Survey Data Versus Excavation: How to Improve the Understanding of the Ancient Settlement System of the Plateau Lorrain
• 5.3.1 The Roman Settlement System in Two Micro-Regions of the Plateau Lorrain
• 5.3.2 Methodology
• 5.3.2.1 Choice of Data: Conditions and Modalities
• 5.3.2.2 From the Settlement Trajectory
• 5.3.2.3 … to the Creation of a Model of Evolution
• 5.4 Results
• 5.4.1 Composition and Evolution of the Settlement System
• 5.4.2 Structuring and Spatial Evolution of the Settlement Pattern
• 5.5 Conclusion
• References
• Part II: Economy
• Chapter 6: The Economic Archaeology of Roman Economic Performance
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 How Can We Understand the Roman Economy?
• 6.2.1 Estimating Population Numbers and Demographic Trends
• 6.2.2 The Economic Effects of Population Increase
• 6.2.3 Why Did Roman Population Growth and Wealth Go Together?
• 6.3 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 7: Modelling Agricultural Strategies in the Dutch Roman Limes via Agent-Based Modelling (ROMFARMS)
• 7.1 Introduction.
• 7.1.1 The Surplus Debate in Dutch Roman Archaeology
• 7.2 Overview of Sub-models and Processes
• 7.2.1 Initialization
• 7.2.2 Population Dynamics
• 7.2.3 Arable Farming
• 7.2.4 Animal Husbandry
• 7.2.5 Wood Collection
• 7.2.6 Description of Experiments
• 7.3 Discussion
• 7.3.1 Arable Extensification and Intensification
• 7.3.1.1 Limiting Factors for Arable Intensification and Extensification
• 7.3.1.2 Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies
• 7.3.2 Surplus Animal Husbandry in Randomly Generated Landscapes
• 7.3.3 Surplus Production in Reconstructed Landscapes
• 7.3.4 Land Use in Reconstructed Landscapes
• 7.3.5 Mechanisms of Supply: Micro-regional and Macro-regional Supply Networks
• 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook
• Appendix
• References
• Chapter 8: The Economy of Laetanian Wine: A Conceptual Framework to Analyse an Intensive/Specialized Winegrowing Production System and Trade (First Century BC to Third Century AD)
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 The Territorial Scope
• 8.3 Working Hypothesis
• 8.4 Operative Hypothesis
• 8.5 Conceptual Framework
• 8.6 Agroecological and Agro-economic Endowments
• 8.6.1 Palaeoclimatic Conditions
• 8.6.2 Physical Environment
• 8.6.3 Viticulture Supply Chain
• 8.6.4 Yield Quantification
• 8.6.4.1 Vineyard Yields
• 8.6.4.2 Cost Quantification
• 8.6.4.3 Economies of Scale
• 8.7 Demographic Dynamics, Workforce Availability and Labour Division
• 8.7.1 Settlement Patterns: The Archaeological Dataset
• 8.7.2 Land Use, Tenure and Ownership Management
• 8.7.3 Connectivity, Transport Infrastructures and Taxation
• 8.8 Economic Models Applied: Agrarian Systems, Population Dynamics, Taxes and Trade Policies
• 8.8.1 The "Roman Villa" System
• 8.8.2 Boserup's Model of Population Growth and Agricultural Intensification
• 8.8.3 The Agency-Oriented Winegrowing Specialization Production Model.
• 8.8.4 The Taxes-and-Trade Model
• 8.9 Discussion and Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 9: The Role of Forts in the Local Market System in the Lower Rhine: Towards a Method of Multiple Hypothesis Testing Through Comparative Modelling
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Data
• 9.3 Methods
• 9.3.1 Settlement Territories
• 9.3.2 Study Areas
• 9.3.3 Univariate Analysis
• 9.3.4 Multivariate Analysis
• 9.3.4.1 The Dependent Variable
• 9.3.4.2 The Independent Variables
• Landforms
• Market Potential
• 9.4 Results
• 9.4.1 Univariate Analysis
• 9.4.2 Multivariate Analysis
• 9.5 Discussion
• 9.5.1 Modelling Results
• 9.5.2 Historical Implications
• 9.6 Conclusion
• Appendix 9.1
• References
• Chapter 10: A Multi-scalar Approach to Long-Term Dynamics, Spatial Relations and Economic Networks of Roman Secondary Settlements in Italy and the Ombrone Valley System (Southern Tuscany): Towards a Model?
• 10.1 Introduction to the Study of Secondary Settlements: Theory and Method
• 10.2 Quantitative Approaches to the Analysis of Secondary Settlements in Italy in the Long Term
• 10.2.1 Descriptive Statistics on Diachronic Trends in the Roman Period and the Middle Ages
• 10.2.2 Spatial Statistics for the 'Attractive Force' of the Landscape's Significant Elements on Secondary Settlements
• 10.3 From Global to Local: The 'Ombrone System'
• 10.3.1 Pottery Imports in the Sites of Siena, Santa Cristina in Caio and La Befa
• 10.4 Approaching Network Analysis: The Case of the Ombrone Valley
• 10.5 Concluding Remarks: First Steps Towards a Model?
• Authorship per Section
• References
• Part III: Transport and Movement
• Chapter 11: Modelling of Pathways and Movement Networks in Archaeology: An Overview of Current Approaches
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 What is Movement, and How Do People Move?
• 11.2.1 Affordances and Movement Potential.
• 11.2.2 Movement Capability
• 11.2.2.1 Energy or Speed?
• 11.2.2.2 Transport Modes
• 11.2.3 External Factors Influencing Movement Capability
• 11.2.3.1 The Natural Environment
• 11.2.3.2 Infrastructure
• 11.2.3.3 Safety
• 11.2.3.4 Control
• 11.2.3.5 Navigation
• 11.3 Modelling Approaches to Ancient Movement
• 11.3.1 Cost Surfaces and Cost Definitions
• 11.3.1.1 Defining Movement Capability
• 11.3.1.2 The Role of DEMs
• 11.3.1.3 Modelling Other Terrain Costs
• 11.3.1.4 Visibility as a Movement Cost
• 11.3.1.5 Modelling Socio-cultural Costs
• 11.3.2 Calculating Routes and Movement Potential
• 11.3.2.1 LCPs and Corridors
• 11.3.2.2 Movement Potential
• 11.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis and Validation
• 11.4 Movement, Pathways, and Networks
• 11.4.1 What to Connect?
• 11.4.2 Network (Re)construction Techniques
• 11.4.3 Network Analysis Techniques
• 11.5 Discussion and Conclusions
• 11.5.1 Technical Issues
• 11.5.1.1 Software
• 11.5.1.2 Algorithms
• 11.5.2 Methodological Issues
• 11.5.2.1 Validation of Pathway Models
• 11.5.2.2 Dealing with Model Complexity
• 11.5.3 Theoretical Issues
• 11.5.3.1 The Value of Experimental Data
• 11.5.3.2 Understanding Movement Practices
• 11.5.3.3 Understanding Networks
• 11.5.4 Final Remarks
• References
• Chapter 12: Palaeogeographic-Analysis Approaches to Transport and Settlement in the Dutch Part of the Roman Limes
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.1.1 General Introduction
• 12.1.2 Palaeogeographic Analysis of the Dutch Limes Area
• 12.2 Natural Palaeogeography
• 12.3 Transport Networks
• 12.3.1 Introduction
• 12.3.2 Modelling Transport
• 12.3.3 Constructing Networks
• 12.3.4 Applications
• 12.4 Settlement Location Analysis
• 12.5 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 13: Network Analysis to Model and Analyse Roman Transport and Mobility
• 13.1 Introduction.
• 13.2 The Iberian Transport Networks.