Finding the Limits of the Limes : : Modelling Demography, Economy and Transport on the Edge of the Roman Empire.

• Superior document: Computational Social Sciences Series
• Author: Verhagen, Philip.
• TeilnehmendeR: Joyce, Jamie.; Groenhuijzen, Mark R.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Computational Social Sciences Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (339 pages)

Table of Contents

Finding the Limits of the Limes -- Preface -- Background -- Project Outcomes -- Setup of This Volume -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Finding the Limits of the Limes: Setting the Scene -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Geographical Space -- 1.3 History of Research -- 1.4 Historical Setting -- 1.4.1 Early Roman Involvement (20 BCE-39 CE) -- 1.4.2 The Development of the Limes as a Frontier Zone (39-70 CE) -- 1.4.3 Integration in the Roman Empire (70-275 CE) -- 1.4.4 The End of the Dutch Limes (~ 275 CE) -- 1.4.5 Settlement Development and Population Size -- 1.5 The Rural Economy -- 1.5.1 The Surplus Question -- 1.5.2 Taxation and Landownership -- 1.5.3 Boom and Bust? -- References -- Part I: Demography and Settlement -- Chapter 2: Current Trends in Roman Demography and Empirical Approaches to the Dynamics of the Limes Populations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Brief Review of Sources and Methods to Study Roman Demography -- 2.3 A Brief Overview of Roman Demographic Behaviours -- 2.3.1 Roman Population Size and Structures -- 2.3.2 Fertility -- 2.3.3 Mortality -- 2.3.4 Migration -- 2.4 Demographic Dynamics of Limes Populations over the Long Term: An Empirical Approach -- 2.4.1 One Border Zone, But Very Diverse Populations -- 2.4.2 A Migrant Population with a Skewed Sex Ratio -- 2.4.3 Demographic Crises Were Inevitable -- 2.4.4 A Faltering Demographic Recovery -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Modelling the Dynamics of Demography in the Dutch Roman Limes Zone: A Revised Model -- 3.1 Introduction: Demographic Modelling in the Roman Period -- 3.1.1 Available Data Sets -- 3.1.2 Birth Control in the Roman Period -- 3.1.3 Mortality Crises in the Roman Period -- 3.1.3.1 Epidemics -- 3.1.3.2 Warfare -- 3.2 The Settlement Evidence -- 3.3 Towards a Dynamical Model of Human Reproduction -- 3.3.1 Marriage Strategies.

3.3.2 Birth Control -- 3.3.3 Mortality Crises -- 3.4 Results -- 3.4.1 Marriage Strategies -- 3.4.2 Birth Control -- 3.4.3 Mortality Crises -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Broad and Coarse: Modelling Demography, Subsistence and Transportation in Roman England -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Demography -- 4.3 Subsistence Economy and Landscape Change -- 4.4 Transportation -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: A Different Vision of Ancient Settlement Dynamics: Creation and Application of a Model of Evolution of Roman Settlement of the Plateau Lorrain (France) -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Temporal Dimension of Data from Archaeological Field Surveys -- 5.2.1 Results of Archaeological Field Surveys: A Linear Signal -- 5.2.2 Consequences for the Study of Settlement Patterns -- 5.3 Survey Data Versus Excavation: How to Improve the Understanding of the Ancient Settlement System of the Plateau Lorrain -- 5.3.1 The Roman Settlement System in Two Micro-Regions of the Plateau Lorrain -- 5.3.2 Methodology -- 5.3.2.1 Choice of Data: Conditions and Modalities -- 5.3.2.2 From the Settlement Trajectory -- 5.3.2.3 … to the Creation of a Model of Evolution -- 5.4 Results -- 5.4.1 Composition and Evolution of the Settlement System -- 5.4.2 Structuring and Spatial Evolution of the Settlement Pattern -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Economy -- Chapter 6: The Economic Archaeology of Roman Economic Performance -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 How Can We Understand the Roman Economy? -- 6.2.1 Estimating Population Numbers and Demographic Trends -- 6.2.2 The Economic Effects of Population Increase -- 6.2.3 Why Did Roman Population Growth and Wealth Go Together? -- 6.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Modelling Agricultural Strategies in the Dutch Roman Limes via Agent-Based Modelling (ROMFARMS) -- 7.1 Introduction.

7.1.1 The Surplus Debate in Dutch Roman Archaeology -- 7.2 Overview of Sub-models and Processes -- 7.2.1 Initialization -- 7.2.2 Population Dynamics -- 7.2.3 Arable Farming -- 7.2.4 Animal Husbandry -- 7.2.5 Wood Collection -- 7.2.6 Description of Experiments -- 7.3 Discussion -- 7.3.1 Arable Extensification and Intensification -- 7.3.1.1 Limiting Factors for Arable Intensification and Extensification -- 7.3.1.2 Cost-Effectiveness of Strategies -- 7.3.2 Surplus Animal Husbandry in Randomly Generated Landscapes -- 7.3.3 Surplus Production in Reconstructed Landscapes -- 7.3.4 Land Use in Reconstructed Landscapes -- 7.3.5 Mechanisms of Supply: Micro-regional and Macro-regional Supply Networks -- 7.4 Conclusion and Outlook -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 8: The Economy of Laetanian Wine: A Conceptual Framework to Analyse an Intensive/Specialized Winegrowing Production System and Trade (First Century BC to Third Century AD) -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Territorial Scope -- 8.3 Working Hypothesis -- 8.4 Operative Hypothesis -- 8.5 Conceptual Framework -- 8.6 Agroecological and Agro-economic Endowments -- 8.6.1 Palaeoclimatic Conditions -- 8.6.2 Physical Environment -- 8.6.3 Viticulture Supply Chain -- 8.6.4 Yield Quantification -- 8.6.4.1 Vineyard Yields -- 8.6.4.2 Cost Quantification -- 8.6.4.3 Economies of Scale -- 8.7 Demographic Dynamics, Workforce Availability and Labour Division -- 8.7.1 Settlement Patterns: The Archaeological Dataset -- 8.7.2 Land Use, Tenure and Ownership Management -- 8.7.3 Connectivity, Transport Infrastructures and Taxation -- 8.8 Economic Models Applied: Agrarian Systems, Population Dynamics, Taxes and Trade Policies -- 8.8.1 The "Roman Villa" System -- 8.8.2 Boserup's Model of Population Growth and Agricultural Intensification -- 8.8.3 The Agency-Oriented Winegrowing Specialization Production Model.

8.8.4 The Taxes-and-Trade Model -- 8.9 Discussion and Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: The Role of Forts in the Local Market System in the Lower Rhine: Towards a Method of Multiple Hypothesis Testing Through Comparative Modelling -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Data -- 9.3 Methods -- 9.3.1 Settlement Territories -- 9.3.2 Study Areas -- 9.3.3 Univariate Analysis -- 9.3.4 Multivariate Analysis -- 9.3.4.1 The Dependent Variable -- 9.3.4.2 The Independent Variables -- Landforms -- Market Potential -- 9.4 Results -- 9.4.1 Univariate Analysis -- 9.4.2 Multivariate Analysis -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.5.1 Modelling Results -- 9.5.2 Historical Implications -- 9.6 Conclusion -- Appendix 9.1 -- References -- Chapter 10: A Multi-scalar Approach to Long-Term Dynamics, Spatial Relations and Economic Networks of Roman Secondary Settlements in Italy and the Ombrone Valley System (Southern Tuscany): Towards a Model? -- 10.1 Introduction to the Study of Secondary Settlements: Theory and Method -- 10.2 Quantitative Approaches to the Analysis of Secondary Settlements in Italy in the Long Term -- 10.2.1 Descriptive Statistics on Diachronic Trends in the Roman Period and the Middle Ages -- 10.2.2 Spatial Statistics for the 'Attractive Force' of the Landscape's Significant Elements on Secondary Settlements -- 10.3 From Global to Local: The 'Ombrone System' -- 10.3.1 Pottery Imports in the Sites of Siena, Santa Cristina in Caio and La Befa -- 10.4 Approaching Network Analysis: The Case of the Ombrone Valley -- 10.5 Concluding Remarks: First Steps Towards a Model? -- Authorship per Section -- References -- Part III: Transport and Movement -- Chapter 11: Modelling of Pathways and Movement Networks in Archaeology: An Overview of Current Approaches -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 What is Movement, and How Do People Move? -- 11.2.1 Affordances and Movement Potential.

11.2.2 Movement Capability -- 11.2.2.1 Energy or Speed? -- 11.2.2.2 Transport Modes -- 11.2.3 External Factors Influencing Movement Capability -- 11.2.3.1 The Natural Environment -- 11.2.3.2 Infrastructure -- 11.2.3.3 Safety -- 11.2.3.4 Control -- 11.2.3.5 Navigation -- 11.3 Modelling Approaches to Ancient Movement -- 11.3.1 Cost Surfaces and Cost Definitions -- 11.3.1.1 Defining Movement Capability -- 11.3.1.2 The Role of DEMs -- 11.3.1.3 Modelling Other Terrain Costs -- 11.3.1.4 Visibility as a Movement Cost -- 11.3.1.5 Modelling Socio-cultural Costs -- 11.3.2 Calculating Routes and Movement Potential -- 11.3.2.1 LCPs and Corridors -- 11.3.2.2 Movement Potential -- 11.3.3 Sensitivity Analysis and Validation -- 11.4 Movement, Pathways, and Networks -- 11.4.1 What to Connect? -- 11.4.2 Network (Re)construction Techniques -- 11.4.3 Network Analysis Techniques -- 11.5 Discussion and Conclusions -- 11.5.1 Technical Issues -- 11.5.1.1 Software -- 11.5.1.2 Algorithms -- 11.5.2 Methodological Issues -- 11.5.2.1 Validation of Pathway Models -- 11.5.2.2 Dealing with Model Complexity -- 11.5.3 Theoretical Issues -- 11.5.3.1 The Value of Experimental Data -- 11.5.3.2 Understanding Movement Practices -- 11.5.3.3 Understanding Networks -- 11.5.4 Final Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: Palaeogeographic-Analysis Approaches to Transport and Settlement in the Dutch Part of the Roman Limes -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 General Introduction -- 12.1.2 Palaeogeographic Analysis of the Dutch Limes Area -- 12.2 Natural Palaeogeography -- 12.3 Transport Networks -- 12.3.1 Introduction -- 12.3.2 Modelling Transport -- 12.3.3 Constructing Networks -- 12.3.4 Applications -- 12.4 Settlement Location Analysis -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Network Analysis to Model and Analyse Roman Transport and Mobility -- 13.1 Introduction.

13.2 The Iberian Transport Networks.