Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident (III) : : After 7 Years.

• Author: Nakanishi, Tomoko M.
• TeilnehmendeR: O`Brien, Martin.; Tanoi, Keitaro.
• Place / Publishing House: Singapore : : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,, 2019.; ©2019.
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (250 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: An Overview of Our Research -- 1.1 General Features of the Fallout -- 1.2 Radioactivity Measurement -- 1.3 A Brief Summary of Our Findings -- 1.3.1 Soil -- 1.3.1.1 Vertical Migration of Radiocesium -- 1.3.1.2 137Cs Adsorption Site -- 1.3.1.3 133Cs and 137Cs -- 1.3.2 Plants -- 1.3.2.1 Rice and Soybean -- 1.3.2.2 Fruit Trees -- 1.3.3 Forests and Animals -- 1.3.3.1 Forests -- 1.3.3.2 Animals -- 1.4 Decontamination Trial -- 1.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Transfer of Radiocesium to Rice in Contaminated Paddy Fields -- 2.1 Radiocesium in the Paddy Field Ecosystem -- 2.2 Transfer of Radiocesium to Rice in 2011 (After the Accident) -- 2.3 Experimental Cultivation in 2012 -- 2.4 The Experimental Cultivation in Oguni, Date City -- 2.5 No Decrease of Radiocesium in Rice -- 2.6 Summary of the Experiments Performed in Oguni, Date City -- References -- Chapter 3: Cesium Translocation in Rice -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Materials and Methods -- 3.2.1 137Cs Experiment to Grow the Three Rice Cultivars Hydroponically in a Growth Chamber -- 3.2.2 Paddy Field Experiment to Observe 133Cs Distribution in Grains -- 3.2.3 137Cs Tracer Experiment Using Juvenile-Phase Rice -- 3.3 Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: Absorption of Radioceasium in Soybean -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Concentration Distribution of Cs in Soybean Seeds -- 4.3 Potassium Behavior in the Soil with Low Effectiveness of Potassium Application -- 4.4 The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on RCs Absorption in Soybean -- References -- Chapter 5: An Observational Study of Pigs Exposed to Radiation -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods and Material -- 5.3 Results -- 5.3.1 Exposure Levels in Pigs -- 5.3.2 Reproductive Performance -- 5.3.3 Hematology Analyses and Biochemical Indices -- 5.4 Discussion and Conclusion -- References.

Chapter 6: A Composting System to Decompose Radiocesium Contaminated Baled Grass Silage -- 6.1 Composting Organic Waste Contaminated with Radioactive Cesium -- 6.2 Reduction in the Volume and Weight of Silage Contaminated with Radiocesium by an Aerobic, High-Temperature Composting System -- 6.3 Dynamics of Radiocesium in Crops Grown with Radioactive Contaminated Silage Compost -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Weathered Biotite: A Key Material of Radioactive Contamination in Fukushima -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Speciation of the Radioactive Particles in the Soil of Fukushima -- 7.3 Mineralogical Characterization of Weathered Biotite (WB) -- 7.3.1 Sorption and Desorption Behavior of Cs to WB -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Radiocesium Accumulation in Koshiabura (Eleutherococcus sciadophylloides) and Other Wild Vegetables in Fukushima Prefecture -- 8.1 Monitoring and Examination of Agricultural Products -- 8.2 Wild Vegetables and Local People -- 8.3 Reasons for High Radiocesium Concentration in Wild Vegetables -- 8.4 Radiocesium Concentration of Each Category of Wild Vegetables -- 8.5 The Seasonal Transition of Radiocesium Concentration in Koshiabura -- 8.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: The Transition of Radiocesium in Peach Trees After the Fukushima Nuclear Accident -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 The Year-Over-Year Transition of Radiocesium in Fruit -- 9.3 The Year-Over-Year Transition of Radiocesium in Trees -- 9.4 The Current Investigation -- References -- Chapter 10: Application of the Artificial Annual Environmental Cycle and Dormancy-Induced Suppression of Cesium Uptake in Poplar -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Application of the Artificial Annual Environmental Cycle to Poplar -- 10.3 Measurement of 137Cs and 42K Distributions in Poplar -- 10.4 Expression of Potassium Influx Transporters in Poplar Root.

10.5 Perspectives in Cs+ Transporter Research -- References -- Chapter 11: Radiocesium Contamination in Forests and the Current Situation of Growing Oak Trees for Mushroom Logs -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Objective and Research Field -- 11.3 Field Investigation -- 11.3.1 Sample Collection -- 11.3.2 Property of the Soil -- 11.3.3 137Cs Concentrations in Above Ground Parts -- 11.3.4 Seasonal Variation in Leaf 137Cs Concentration -- 11.4 Comparison Between 137Cs Distribution and 133Cs Distribution in Wood, Bark, and New Branches -- 11.5 Extra Field Investigation to Evaluate the Impact of Field Use History on the Current 137Cs Content in Trees -- 11.6 137Cs Tracer Experiment Using Hydroponically Grown Young Oak Seedlings -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Radiocesium Dynamics in Wild Mushrooms During the First Five Years After the Fukushima Accident -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Research Sites and Sampling -- 12.3 Gamma Ray Air Dose Rate at the Mushroom Collection Sites (Fig. 12.4) -- 12.4 Dynamics of Radiocesium in Each of the University of Tokyo Forests (Fig. 12.5) -- 12.4.1 Litter and Soil Layer -- 12.4.2 Mushrooms -- 12.5 Dynamics of Radiocesium in the Same Sampling Sites (Figs. 12.6 and 12.7) -- 12.6 The Relationship Between Radiocesium Contamination of Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Soils (Fig. 12.8) -- 12.7 Possible Mechanism Determining Radiocesium Content - The Relationship Between 137Cs and 40K (Figs. 12.9 and 12.10) -- 12.8 Features of Radioactive Contamination with Different Date of Fallout (Fig. 12.11) -- 12.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The Spatial Distribution of Radiocesium Over a Four-Year Period in a Forest Ecosystem in North Fukushima After the Nuclear Power Station Accident -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Material and Method -- 13.2.1 Study Site -- 13.2.2 Sampling and 137Cs Concentration Measurements.

13.2.3 Estimation of 137Cs Accumulation and Its Environmental Half-Life -- 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Annual Changes of 137Cs Accumulation in Litter Layers, Soils and Trees -- 13.3.2 Changes in 137Cs Accumulation in Each Compartment of the Catchment -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.4.1 Redistribution of the 137Cs Accumulation -- 13.4.2 Catchment-Scale Environmental Half-Life of the 137Cs Accumulation -- 13.5 Perspective -- References -- Chapter 14: Parallel Measurement of Ambient and Individual External Radiation in Iitate Village, Fukushima -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Methods -- 14.3 Results and Discussion -- 14.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Mobility of Fallout Radiocesium Depending on the Land Use in Kasumigaura Basin -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Methods -- 15.2.1 Characteristics of the Study Area -- 15.2.2 Measurement Apparatus of Deposited Radiocesium per Unit Area (kBq M−2) -- 15.2.3 Measurement and Analysis of Radioactivity -- 15.3 Results and Discussion -- 15.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16: Challenges of Agricultural Land Remediation and Renewal of Agriculture in Iitate Village by a Collaboration Between Researchers and a Non-profit Organization -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Collaboration Between Researchers and NPO -- 16.2.1 Authorized NPO "Resurrection of Fukushima" (Resurrection of Fukushima 2017) -- 16.2.2 Fukushima Reconstruction Agricultural Engineering Group (Fukushima Reconstruction Agricultural Engineering Meeting 2017) -- 16.2.3 Campus Group "Madei" -- 16.2.4 Rehabilitation Support Project (University of Tokyo Agricultural Life Science Graduate School of Grants-in-Aids Rehabilitation Support Project 2017) of the Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences (GSALS), The University of Tokyo -- 16.3 Development of Agricultural Land Decontamination Method by Farmers Themselves (Mizoguchi 2013).

16.3.1 Muddy Water Flushing Out Method with a Hand Weed Machine -- 16.3.2 Muddy Water Flushing Out Method with a Tractor (Mizoguchi 2014b) -- 16.3.3 Burial Method of Contaminated Soil-Madei Method (Mizoguchi et al. 2013) -- 16.3.4 Monitoring of Buried Contaminated Soil (Mizoguchi et al. 2015) -- 16.3.5 Environmental Monitoring in the Iitate Village (Mizoguchi 2013b) -- 16.4 The Current Status of Agricultural Land After Decontamination -- 16.5 Rural Reconstruction Scenario -- 16.5.1 Creation of a New Japanese Agriculture Model (Mizoguchi 2015b) -- 16.5.2 Human Resource Development -- 16.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 17: Radiocesium Contamination on a University Campus and in Forests in Kashiwa City, Chiba Prefecture, a Suburb of Metropolitan Tokyo -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Study Area and Methods -- 17.3 Air Dose Rate and Soil Contamination in 2011 in Relation to the Land Cover -- 17.4 Radiocesium Concentrations in Biological Samples -- 17.5 Radiocesium Contamination in Forest Trees and Soil in the Winter of 2011 -- 17.6 Forest Type, Air Dose Rate, and Soil Contamination in the UTokyo Campus Forest in 2013 -- 17.7 Decontamination Experiment in a Nursery Lawn -- 17.8 Change in Radiocesium Distribution in Deciduous Forest Soil in Oaota in 2013-2015 -- 17.9 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: The State of Fisheries and Marine Species in Fukushima: Six Years After the 2011 Disaster -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Declining Level of Radiocesium Contained in Fish and Fishery Products -- 18.3 Development of Biological Studies on Fish and Radioactive Substances -- 18.4 Limited Resumption of Fishing in Fukushima Waters -- 18.5 Weak Consumer Confidence and Risk-Averse Distributers -- 18.6 Increased Abundance of Key Target Fish Species in Fukushima -- 18.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 19: Visualization of Ion Transport in Plants.

19.1 Introduction.