The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : : Evidence and Perspectives.
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Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2016. ©2016. |
Year of Publication: | 2016 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
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Kirsch, Irwin. The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. 1st ed. Cham : Springer International Publishing AG, 2016. ©2016. 1 online resource (508 pages) text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Opportunity in America-Setting the Stage -- Introduction -- Description of the Volume -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Part IV: Politics and the Road Ahead -- Part V: Seeking Inclusive Prosperity -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Chapter 2: Segregation, Race, and the Social Worlds of Rich and Poor -- Introduction -- Four Decades of Segregation and Poverty -- Poverty and Privilege in Black and White -- Segregation and the Divergence of Social Worlds -- Inequality in Hypersegregated America -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Federalism and Inequality in Education: What Can History Tell Us? -- Introduction -- Development of Free and Public Schools Through the Progressive Era -- The Creation of Free Public School Systems, 1840-1860 -- 1865-1895: Expansion and Professionalization -- The 'Progressive' Era: Redefining Equal Opportunity -- Expanding the Federal Role in Education (World War II to the Space Race) -- The Postwar Years -- Education, the Space Race, and Meritocracy -- Desegregation -- The Role of ESEA in Desegregation -- Federal Action to Desegregate K-12 Education in the South -- Obstacles in the North -- Assessing the Success of Desegregation -- The Challenges of Title I: The Early Years -- New Equity Issues Emerge in the 1970s -- Nixon Seeks to Equalize Expenditures -- Bilingual Education -- Title IX Bars Discrimination Against Women -- Education of Children with Disabilities -- The 1978 Reauthorization of ESEA -- Education Policy and Civil Rights in the Reagan Administration -- The Nation at Risk Report. Reagan Faces Reversals: Hawkins-Stafford Bill of 1988 -- The Era of Standards-Based Reform -- George H. W. Bush and the Onset of Reform -- Enter Systemic Education -- Standards-Based Reform Arrives on the Federal Agenda -- No Child Left Behind: Its Trajectory Under George W. Bush and Barack Obama -- Bush Launches New Federal Reforms -- Enter Obama and Duncan -- The Importance of Title I -- Background -- NAEP's Relation to Title I -- Long-Term NAEP: Trends and Interpretations -- The 1980s and 1990s: Studying Actual Title I Students -- NAEP Score Gaps after 2000 -- Some Generalizations -- Three Eras in the History of the Federal Role in Education -- Conditions for Change -- Congress as the Arena for Advocacy and Compromise -- Lack of Constitutional Authority as a Hindrance -- States and Districts Forced to Focus on New Populations -- The Numbers Game -- The Reality of Delays -- Impressive Action Despite the Odds -- The Federal Government's Agenda-Setting Role -- The Half-Truth About the Federal Role -- Federal Action Can't Do It Alone -- Not a Straight Evolution -- From Laissez-Faire to Monitoring -- The Conundrum of the Federal Role in Common Core -- A National Arena of Education Policy: Common Core -- Equality and Quality With the Common Core -- Federal Funding: A Final Overview -- Some Policy Suggestions -- Reassessing the Federal Role -- Title I Improvements -- Additional Legislation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993-2012 -- Introduction -- Conceptions of Equity, Equal Opportunity, and Adequacy -- Money and School Finance Reforms -- Resources That Matter -- Measuring Fiscal Input as Well as Real Resource Equity and Adequacy -- Evaluating Funding Levels and Fairness -- Evaluating Resource Levels and Fairness -- Estimating Sensitivity of Resources to Funding Across Districts. Findings -- Resource Models -- Relationships Across Adequacy (Level) Measures -- Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: A Working Framework -- Introduction -- What Is Opportunity? -- The Challenge -- The Framework: Gates/Gaps/Gradients -- Gates and Gaps Together -- The Dynamics of Inequality -- The Birth Lottery -- Beginning School -- Gradients -- Why Is Expanding Opportunity Important? -- Moving Forward -- References -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Chapter 6: Wages in the United States: Trends, Explanations, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Empirical Trends in Wages and Compensation in the U.S. -- Hourly Wage Percentiles -- Weekly Earnings by Education -- Annual Earnings by Wage Percentile -- Adding Compensation to Wages -- Near-Term Wage Issues -- Labor's Share of National Income -- Theories of Wage Formation -- Theories that Assume Full Employment -- Theories That Do Not Assume Full Employment -- Diagnosis and Prescription: What's behind Wage Stagnation and Earnings Inequality and What Can Be Done to Reverse It? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Widening Socioeconomic Divergence in the U.S. Labor Market -- Introduction -- Defining Labor Underutilization -- Defining the Educational Attainment and Household Income Groups -- Identifying Labor Underutilization Problems across Education and Household Income Groups in the U.S. -- Unemployment Problems Among Workers Across Education and Income Groups in 2013-2014 -- Underemployment Problems Among U.S. Workers -- The Problems of Hidden Unemployment Among Workers in 2013-2014 -- Hidden Unemployment Rates Among Workers -- Labor Underutilization Problems in the U.S. in 2013-2014 -- Labor Underutilization Rates Among Workers -- By Separate Educational Attainment/Household Income Groups. The Findings of Logistic Probability Models to Predict Labor Underutilization among Workers in 2013-2014 -- The Labor Underutilization Problems of the Nation's Young Adults (16-29) in 2013-2014 -- Trends in Labor Underutilization Rates Among Adults (16 and Over) by Educational Attainment and Household Income, 1999-2000 to 2013-2014 -- Income Problems of Underutilized Workers, 2012-2013 -- The Three Income Inadequacy Measures -- The Poverty Rates of Workers by Underutilization Status and Educational Attainment -- Poverty/Near Poverty Problems of the Underutilized -- Low-Income Problems of Workers by Labor Underutilization and Educational Attainment -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 7A: Labor Underutilization Rates by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7B: Associations Between Educational Attainment/Household Income by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7C: Logistic Probability Models Showing Effects of Demographics on Underutilization Rate of Workers -- Appendix 7D: Estimating the Probability of a Person with Given Background Traits Being Underutilized in 2013-2014 -- Appendix 7E: Logistic Probability Model of Labor Underutilization for Labor Force Participants Under 30 -- References -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Chapter 8: Gates, Gaps, and Intergenerational Mobility: The Importance of an Even Start -- Introduction: How Can We Make the Start More Even? -- What Makes a Difference Early in Life? -- Gates and Gaps and the Life-Cycle Model -- What We Know about Early Influences on Health, Behavior, and Learning: A Very Brief Review -- Preschool Investments -- The Five Factors That Determine Early Development -- Family Structure -- Parenting -- Economic Inequality: Money Matters-A Lot -- Social Institutions -- Neighborhoods and the Role of Place -- The Changing Race and Ethnicity of American Children. Using the Gates-Gaps Metaphor to Examine Opportunity and Mobility Early in Life -- Transition 1: Prenatal and Family Birth Status -- Transition 2: Life at Early Ages, Post-Birth but before Preschool (6 Months to 3-4 Years) -- Transition 3: Preschool and Early Childhood Education (Ages 4-6) -- Cumulative Gaps? -- Summary -- Policy Levers to Open Gates, Reduce Gaps, and Moderate Cumulative Gaps Early On -- Unwanted Pregnancy at Young Ages: An Agency Problem -- Money Makes a Difference in Parenting -- Prenatal and Early Parenting Programs -- The Role of the Pediatrician -- Preschool: The Importance of Quality -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 9: Quality and Equality in American Education: Systemic Problems, Systemic Solutions -- An Unequal Present -- Let's Start with the Children -- Where Do the Schools Fit In? -- Unequal Resources -- Organizational Dysfunction and Unequal Practices -- Signs of Progress -- Observations from 60 Years of Equity Reforms: There Are No Silver Bullets -- Lesson One: Implementation Dominates Impact -- Context Matters -- Capacity Is a Key Determinant of Implementation Quality and Results -- Implementation Is a Social Process -- Lesson Two: Piecemeal Reforms Leave Systemic Contributors Untouched -- Vision of a More Equitable Education System -- The Foundation: A Quality School System -- Coherent Standards-Based Policy Framework -- A Continuous Improvement Approach -- Continuous Improvement (CI) and Outcome Accountability -- Continuous Improvement and Equity -- Targeted Strategies to Reduce Inequalities: Four High-Leverage Approaches -- Ensuring Safe and Supportive School Environments -- Developing Language Skills -- Implementing a Tiered Approach to Intervention -- Attending to Transition Points -- Beyond School: Connecting Schools with Services and Institutions in the Community. Getting From Here to There: The Problem of Change at Scale. Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources. Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. Electronic books. Braun, Henry. Print version: Kirsch, Irwin The Dynamics of Opportunity in America Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2016 9783319259895 ProQuest (Firm) https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=5578412 Click to View |
language |
English |
format |
eBook |
author |
Kirsch, Irwin. |
spellingShingle |
Kirsch, Irwin. The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Opportunity in America-Setting the Stage -- Introduction -- Description of the Volume -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Part IV: Politics and the Road Ahead -- Part V: Seeking Inclusive Prosperity -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Chapter 2: Segregation, Race, and the Social Worlds of Rich and Poor -- Introduction -- Four Decades of Segregation and Poverty -- Poverty and Privilege in Black and White -- Segregation and the Divergence of Social Worlds -- Inequality in Hypersegregated America -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Federalism and Inequality in Education: What Can History Tell Us? -- Introduction -- Development of Free and Public Schools Through the Progressive Era -- The Creation of Free Public School Systems, 1840-1860 -- 1865-1895: Expansion and Professionalization -- The 'Progressive' Era: Redefining Equal Opportunity -- Expanding the Federal Role in Education (World War II to the Space Race) -- The Postwar Years -- Education, the Space Race, and Meritocracy -- Desegregation -- The Role of ESEA in Desegregation -- Federal Action to Desegregate K-12 Education in the South -- Obstacles in the North -- Assessing the Success of Desegregation -- The Challenges of Title I: The Early Years -- New Equity Issues Emerge in the 1970s -- Nixon Seeks to Equalize Expenditures -- Bilingual Education -- Title IX Bars Discrimination Against Women -- Education of Children with Disabilities -- The 1978 Reauthorization of ESEA -- Education Policy and Civil Rights in the Reagan Administration -- The Nation at Risk Report. Reagan Faces Reversals: Hawkins-Stafford Bill of 1988 -- The Era of Standards-Based Reform -- George H. W. Bush and the Onset of Reform -- Enter Systemic Education -- Standards-Based Reform Arrives on the Federal Agenda -- No Child Left Behind: Its Trajectory Under George W. Bush and Barack Obama -- Bush Launches New Federal Reforms -- Enter Obama and Duncan -- The Importance of Title I -- Background -- NAEP's Relation to Title I -- Long-Term NAEP: Trends and Interpretations -- The 1980s and 1990s: Studying Actual Title I Students -- NAEP Score Gaps after 2000 -- Some Generalizations -- Three Eras in the History of the Federal Role in Education -- Conditions for Change -- Congress as the Arena for Advocacy and Compromise -- Lack of Constitutional Authority as a Hindrance -- States and Districts Forced to Focus on New Populations -- The Numbers Game -- The Reality of Delays -- Impressive Action Despite the Odds -- The Federal Government's Agenda-Setting Role -- The Half-Truth About the Federal Role -- Federal Action Can't Do It Alone -- Not a Straight Evolution -- From Laissez-Faire to Monitoring -- The Conundrum of the Federal Role in Common Core -- A National Arena of Education Policy: Common Core -- Equality and Quality With the Common Core -- Federal Funding: A Final Overview -- Some Policy Suggestions -- Reassessing the Federal Role -- Title I Improvements -- Additional Legislation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993-2012 -- Introduction -- Conceptions of Equity, Equal Opportunity, and Adequacy -- Money and School Finance Reforms -- Resources That Matter -- Measuring Fiscal Input as Well as Real Resource Equity and Adequacy -- Evaluating Funding Levels and Fairness -- Evaluating Resource Levels and Fairness -- Estimating Sensitivity of Resources to Funding Across Districts. Findings -- Resource Models -- Relationships Across Adequacy (Level) Measures -- Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: A Working Framework -- Introduction -- What Is Opportunity? -- The Challenge -- The Framework: Gates/Gaps/Gradients -- Gates and Gaps Together -- The Dynamics of Inequality -- The Birth Lottery -- Beginning School -- Gradients -- Why Is Expanding Opportunity Important? -- Moving Forward -- References -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Chapter 6: Wages in the United States: Trends, Explanations, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Empirical Trends in Wages and Compensation in the U.S. -- Hourly Wage Percentiles -- Weekly Earnings by Education -- Annual Earnings by Wage Percentile -- Adding Compensation to Wages -- Near-Term Wage Issues -- Labor's Share of National Income -- Theories of Wage Formation -- Theories that Assume Full Employment -- Theories That Do Not Assume Full Employment -- Diagnosis and Prescription: What's behind Wage Stagnation and Earnings Inequality and What Can Be Done to Reverse It? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Widening Socioeconomic Divergence in the U.S. Labor Market -- Introduction -- Defining Labor Underutilization -- Defining the Educational Attainment and Household Income Groups -- Identifying Labor Underutilization Problems across Education and Household Income Groups in the U.S. -- Unemployment Problems Among Workers Across Education and Income Groups in 2013-2014 -- Underemployment Problems Among U.S. Workers -- The Problems of Hidden Unemployment Among Workers in 2013-2014 -- Hidden Unemployment Rates Among Workers -- Labor Underutilization Problems in the U.S. in 2013-2014 -- Labor Underutilization Rates Among Workers -- By Separate Educational Attainment/Household Income Groups. The Findings of Logistic Probability Models to Predict Labor Underutilization among Workers in 2013-2014 -- The Labor Underutilization Problems of the Nation's Young Adults (16-29) in 2013-2014 -- Trends in Labor Underutilization Rates Among Adults (16 and Over) by Educational Attainment and Household Income, 1999-2000 to 2013-2014 -- Income Problems of Underutilized Workers, 2012-2013 -- The Three Income Inadequacy Measures -- The Poverty Rates of Workers by Underutilization Status and Educational Attainment -- Poverty/Near Poverty Problems of the Underutilized -- Low-Income Problems of Workers by Labor Underutilization and Educational Attainment -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 7A: Labor Underutilization Rates by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7B: Associations Between Educational Attainment/Household Income by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7C: Logistic Probability Models Showing Effects of Demographics on Underutilization Rate of Workers -- Appendix 7D: Estimating the Probability of a Person with Given Background Traits Being Underutilized in 2013-2014 -- Appendix 7E: Logistic Probability Model of Labor Underutilization for Labor Force Participants Under 30 -- References -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Chapter 8: Gates, Gaps, and Intergenerational Mobility: The Importance of an Even Start -- Introduction: How Can We Make the Start More Even? -- What Makes a Difference Early in Life? -- Gates and Gaps and the Life-Cycle Model -- What We Know about Early Influences on Health, Behavior, and Learning: A Very Brief Review -- Preschool Investments -- The Five Factors That Determine Early Development -- Family Structure -- Parenting -- Economic Inequality: Money Matters-A Lot -- Social Institutions -- Neighborhoods and the Role of Place -- The Changing Race and Ethnicity of American Children. Using the Gates-Gaps Metaphor to Examine Opportunity and Mobility Early in Life -- Transition 1: Prenatal and Family Birth Status -- Transition 2: Life at Early Ages, Post-Birth but before Preschool (6 Months to 3-4 Years) -- Transition 3: Preschool and Early Childhood Education (Ages 4-6) -- Cumulative Gaps? -- Summary -- Policy Levers to Open Gates, Reduce Gaps, and Moderate Cumulative Gaps Early On -- Unwanted Pregnancy at Young Ages: An Agency Problem -- Money Makes a Difference in Parenting -- Prenatal and Early Parenting Programs -- The Role of the Pediatrician -- Preschool: The Importance of Quality -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 9: Quality and Equality in American Education: Systemic Problems, Systemic Solutions -- An Unequal Present -- Let's Start with the Children -- Where Do the Schools Fit In? -- Unequal Resources -- Organizational Dysfunction and Unequal Practices -- Signs of Progress -- Observations from 60 Years of Equity Reforms: There Are No Silver Bullets -- Lesson One: Implementation Dominates Impact -- Context Matters -- Capacity Is a Key Determinant of Implementation Quality and Results -- Implementation Is a Social Process -- Lesson Two: Piecemeal Reforms Leave Systemic Contributors Untouched -- Vision of a More Equitable Education System -- The Foundation: A Quality School System -- Coherent Standards-Based Policy Framework -- A Continuous Improvement Approach -- Continuous Improvement (CI) and Outcome Accountability -- Continuous Improvement and Equity -- Targeted Strategies to Reduce Inequalities: Four High-Leverage Approaches -- Ensuring Safe and Supportive School Environments -- Developing Language Skills -- Implementing a Tiered Approach to Intervention -- Attending to Transition Points -- Beyond School: Connecting Schools with Services and Institutions in the Community. Getting From Here to There: The Problem of Change at Scale. |
author_facet |
Kirsch, Irwin. Braun, Henry. |
author_variant |
i k ik |
author2 |
Braun, Henry. |
author2_variant |
h b hb |
author2_role |
TeilnehmendeR |
author_sort |
Kirsch, Irwin. |
title |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_sub |
Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_full |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_fullStr |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_auth |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : Evidence and Perspectives. |
title_new |
The Dynamics of Opportunity in America : |
title_sort |
the dynamics of opportunity in america : evidence and perspectives. |
publisher |
Springer International Publishing AG, |
publishDate |
2016 |
physical |
1 online resource (508 pages) |
edition |
1st ed. |
contents |
Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Opportunity in America-Setting the Stage -- Introduction -- Description of the Volume -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Part IV: Politics and the Road Ahead -- Part V: Seeking Inclusive Prosperity -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Chapter 2: Segregation, Race, and the Social Worlds of Rich and Poor -- Introduction -- Four Decades of Segregation and Poverty -- Poverty and Privilege in Black and White -- Segregation and the Divergence of Social Worlds -- Inequality in Hypersegregated America -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Federalism and Inequality in Education: What Can History Tell Us? -- Introduction -- Development of Free and Public Schools Through the Progressive Era -- The Creation of Free Public School Systems, 1840-1860 -- 1865-1895: Expansion and Professionalization -- The 'Progressive' Era: Redefining Equal Opportunity -- Expanding the Federal Role in Education (World War II to the Space Race) -- The Postwar Years -- Education, the Space Race, and Meritocracy -- Desegregation -- The Role of ESEA in Desegregation -- Federal Action to Desegregate K-12 Education in the South -- Obstacles in the North -- Assessing the Success of Desegregation -- The Challenges of Title I: The Early Years -- New Equity Issues Emerge in the 1970s -- Nixon Seeks to Equalize Expenditures -- Bilingual Education -- Title IX Bars Discrimination Against Women -- Education of Children with Disabilities -- The 1978 Reauthorization of ESEA -- Education Policy and Civil Rights in the Reagan Administration -- The Nation at Risk Report. Reagan Faces Reversals: Hawkins-Stafford Bill of 1988 -- The Era of Standards-Based Reform -- George H. W. Bush and the Onset of Reform -- Enter Systemic Education -- Standards-Based Reform Arrives on the Federal Agenda -- No Child Left Behind: Its Trajectory Under George W. Bush and Barack Obama -- Bush Launches New Federal Reforms -- Enter Obama and Duncan -- The Importance of Title I -- Background -- NAEP's Relation to Title I -- Long-Term NAEP: Trends and Interpretations -- The 1980s and 1990s: Studying Actual Title I Students -- NAEP Score Gaps after 2000 -- Some Generalizations -- Three Eras in the History of the Federal Role in Education -- Conditions for Change -- Congress as the Arena for Advocacy and Compromise -- Lack of Constitutional Authority as a Hindrance -- States and Districts Forced to Focus on New Populations -- The Numbers Game -- The Reality of Delays -- Impressive Action Despite the Odds -- The Federal Government's Agenda-Setting Role -- The Half-Truth About the Federal Role -- Federal Action Can't Do It Alone -- Not a Straight Evolution -- From Laissez-Faire to Monitoring -- The Conundrum of the Federal Role in Common Core -- A National Arena of Education Policy: Common Core -- Equality and Quality With the Common Core -- Federal Funding: A Final Overview -- Some Policy Suggestions -- Reassessing the Federal Role -- Title I Improvements -- Additional Legislation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993-2012 -- Introduction -- Conceptions of Equity, Equal Opportunity, and Adequacy -- Money and School Finance Reforms -- Resources That Matter -- Measuring Fiscal Input as Well as Real Resource Equity and Adequacy -- Evaluating Funding Levels and Fairness -- Evaluating Resource Levels and Fairness -- Estimating Sensitivity of Resources to Funding Across Districts. Findings -- Resource Models -- Relationships Across Adequacy (Level) Measures -- Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: A Working Framework -- Introduction -- What Is Opportunity? -- The Challenge -- The Framework: Gates/Gaps/Gradients -- Gates and Gaps Together -- The Dynamics of Inequality -- The Birth Lottery -- Beginning School -- Gradients -- Why Is Expanding Opportunity Important? -- Moving Forward -- References -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Chapter 6: Wages in the United States: Trends, Explanations, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Empirical Trends in Wages and Compensation in the U.S. -- Hourly Wage Percentiles -- Weekly Earnings by Education -- Annual Earnings by Wage Percentile -- Adding Compensation to Wages -- Near-Term Wage Issues -- Labor's Share of National Income -- Theories of Wage Formation -- Theories that Assume Full Employment -- Theories That Do Not Assume Full Employment -- Diagnosis and Prescription: What's behind Wage Stagnation and Earnings Inequality and What Can Be Done to Reverse It? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Widening Socioeconomic Divergence in the U.S. Labor Market -- Introduction -- Defining Labor Underutilization -- Defining the Educational Attainment and Household Income Groups -- Identifying Labor Underutilization Problems across Education and Household Income Groups in the U.S. -- Unemployment Problems Among Workers Across Education and Income Groups in 2013-2014 -- Underemployment Problems Among U.S. Workers -- The Problems of Hidden Unemployment Among Workers in 2013-2014 -- Hidden Unemployment Rates Among Workers -- Labor Underutilization Problems in the U.S. in 2013-2014 -- Labor Underutilization Rates Among Workers -- By Separate Educational Attainment/Household Income Groups. The Findings of Logistic Probability Models to Predict Labor Underutilization among Workers in 2013-2014 -- The Labor Underutilization Problems of the Nation's Young Adults (16-29) in 2013-2014 -- Trends in Labor Underutilization Rates Among Adults (16 and Over) by Educational Attainment and Household Income, 1999-2000 to 2013-2014 -- Income Problems of Underutilized Workers, 2012-2013 -- The Three Income Inadequacy Measures -- The Poverty Rates of Workers by Underutilization Status and Educational Attainment -- Poverty/Near Poverty Problems of the Underutilized -- Low-Income Problems of Workers by Labor Underutilization and Educational Attainment -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 7A: Labor Underutilization Rates by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7B: Associations Between Educational Attainment/Household Income by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7C: Logistic Probability Models Showing Effects of Demographics on Underutilization Rate of Workers -- Appendix 7D: Estimating the Probability of a Person with Given Background Traits Being Underutilized in 2013-2014 -- Appendix 7E: Logistic Probability Model of Labor Underutilization for Labor Force Participants Under 30 -- References -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Chapter 8: Gates, Gaps, and Intergenerational Mobility: The Importance of an Even Start -- Introduction: How Can We Make the Start More Even? -- What Makes a Difference Early in Life? -- Gates and Gaps and the Life-Cycle Model -- What We Know about Early Influences on Health, Behavior, and Learning: A Very Brief Review -- Preschool Investments -- The Five Factors That Determine Early Development -- Family Structure -- Parenting -- Economic Inequality: Money Matters-A Lot -- Social Institutions -- Neighborhoods and the Role of Place -- The Changing Race and Ethnicity of American Children. Using the Gates-Gaps Metaphor to Examine Opportunity and Mobility Early in Life -- Transition 1: Prenatal and Family Birth Status -- Transition 2: Life at Early Ages, Post-Birth but before Preschool (6 Months to 3-4 Years) -- Transition 3: Preschool and Early Childhood Education (Ages 4-6) -- Cumulative Gaps? -- Summary -- Policy Levers to Open Gates, Reduce Gaps, and Moderate Cumulative Gaps Early On -- Unwanted Pregnancy at Young Ages: An Agency Problem -- Money Makes a Difference in Parenting -- Prenatal and Early Parenting Programs -- The Role of the Pediatrician -- Preschool: The Importance of Quality -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 9: Quality and Equality in American Education: Systemic Problems, Systemic Solutions -- An Unequal Present -- Let's Start with the Children -- Where Do the Schools Fit In? -- Unequal Resources -- Organizational Dysfunction and Unequal Practices -- Signs of Progress -- Observations from 60 Years of Equity Reforms: There Are No Silver Bullets -- Lesson One: Implementation Dominates Impact -- Context Matters -- Capacity Is a Key Determinant of Implementation Quality and Results -- Implementation Is a Social Process -- Lesson Two: Piecemeal Reforms Leave Systemic Contributors Untouched -- Vision of a More Equitable Education System -- The Foundation: A Quality School System -- Coherent Standards-Based Policy Framework -- A Continuous Improvement Approach -- Continuous Improvement (CI) and Outcome Accountability -- Continuous Improvement and Equity -- Targeted Strategies to Reduce Inequalities: Four High-Leverage Approaches -- Ensuring Safe and Supportive School Environments -- Developing Language Skills -- Implementing a Tiered Approach to Intervention -- Attending to Transition Points -- Beyond School: Connecting Schools with Services and Institutions in the Community. Getting From Here to There: The Problem of Change at Scale. |
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Electronic books. |
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Electronic books. |
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https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=5578412 |
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>12284nam a22004573i 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">5005578412</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">MiAaPQ</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240229073831.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="006">m o d | </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr cnu||||||||</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">240229s2016 xx o ||||0 eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783319259918</subfield><subfield code="q">(electronic bk.)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">9783319259895</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(MiAaPQ)5005578412</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(Au-PeEL)EBL5578412</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)951668365</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">MiAaPQ</subfield><subfield code="b">eng</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield><subfield code="e">pn</subfield><subfield code="c">MiAaPQ</subfield><subfield code="d">MiAaPQ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">LC71-188</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">379.260973</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Kirsch, Irwin.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">The Dynamics of Opportunity in America :</subfield><subfield code="b">Evidence and Perspectives.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1st ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Cham :</subfield><subfield code="b">Springer International Publishing AG,</subfield><subfield code="c">2016.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">©2016.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 online resource (508 pages)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">computer</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">online resource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Intro -- Dedication -- Preface -- Editors' Note -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction: Opportunity in America-Setting the Stage -- Introduction -- Description of the Volume -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Part IV: Politics and the Road Ahead -- Part V: Seeking Inclusive Prosperity -- Conclusion -- References -- Part I: Understanding Where We Are Today -- Chapter 2: Segregation, Race, and the Social Worlds of Rich and Poor -- Introduction -- Four Decades of Segregation and Poverty -- Poverty and Privilege in Black and White -- Segregation and the Divergence of Social Worlds -- Inequality in Hypersegregated America -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Federalism and Inequality in Education: What Can History Tell Us? -- Introduction -- Development of Free and Public Schools Through the Progressive Era -- The Creation of Free Public School Systems, 1840-1860 -- 1865-1895: Expansion and Professionalization -- The 'Progressive' Era: Redefining Equal Opportunity -- Expanding the Federal Role in Education (World War II to the Space Race) -- The Postwar Years -- Education, the Space Race, and Meritocracy -- Desegregation -- The Role of ESEA in Desegregation -- Federal Action to Desegregate K-12 Education in the South -- Obstacles in the North -- Assessing the Success of Desegregation -- The Challenges of Title I: The Early Years -- New Equity Issues Emerge in the 1970s -- Nixon Seeks to Equalize Expenditures -- Bilingual Education -- Title IX Bars Discrimination Against Women -- Education of Children with Disabilities -- The 1978 Reauthorization of ESEA -- Education Policy and Civil Rights in the Reagan Administration -- The Nation at Risk Report.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Reagan Faces Reversals: Hawkins-Stafford Bill of 1988 -- The Era of Standards-Based Reform -- George H. W. Bush and the Onset of Reform -- Enter Systemic Education -- Standards-Based Reform Arrives on the Federal Agenda -- No Child Left Behind: Its Trajectory Under George W. Bush and Barack Obama -- Bush Launches New Federal Reforms -- Enter Obama and Duncan -- The Importance of Title I -- Background -- NAEP's Relation to Title I -- Long-Term NAEP: Trends and Interpretations -- The 1980s and 1990s: Studying Actual Title I Students -- NAEP Score Gaps after 2000 -- Some Generalizations -- Three Eras in the History of the Federal Role in Education -- Conditions for Change -- Congress as the Arena for Advocacy and Compromise -- Lack of Constitutional Authority as a Hindrance -- States and Districts Forced to Focus on New Populations -- The Numbers Game -- The Reality of Delays -- Impressive Action Despite the Odds -- The Federal Government's Agenda-Setting Role -- The Half-Truth About the Federal Role -- Federal Action Can't Do It Alone -- Not a Straight Evolution -- From Laissez-Faire to Monitoring -- The Conundrum of the Federal Role in Common Core -- A National Arena of Education Policy: Common Core -- Equality and Quality With the Common Core -- Federal Funding: A Final Overview -- Some Policy Suggestions -- Reassessing the Federal Role -- Title I Improvements -- Additional Legislation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Changing Distribution of Educational Opportunities: 1993-2012 -- Introduction -- Conceptions of Equity, Equal Opportunity, and Adequacy -- Money and School Finance Reforms -- Resources That Matter -- Measuring Fiscal Input as Well as Real Resource Equity and Adequacy -- Evaluating Funding Levels and Fairness -- Evaluating Resource Levels and Fairness -- Estimating Sensitivity of Resources to Funding Across Districts.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Findings -- Resource Models -- Relationships Across Adequacy (Level) Measures -- Conclusions and Implications -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 5: The Dynamics of Opportunity in America: A Working Framework -- Introduction -- What Is Opportunity? -- The Challenge -- The Framework: Gates/Gaps/Gradients -- Gates and Gaps Together -- The Dynamics of Inequality -- The Birth Lottery -- Beginning School -- Gradients -- Why Is Expanding Opportunity Important? -- Moving Forward -- References -- Part II: The Labor Market -- Chapter 6: Wages in the United States: Trends, Explanations, and Solutions -- Introduction -- Empirical Trends in Wages and Compensation in the U.S. -- Hourly Wage Percentiles -- Weekly Earnings by Education -- Annual Earnings by Wage Percentile -- Adding Compensation to Wages -- Near-Term Wage Issues -- Labor's Share of National Income -- Theories of Wage Formation -- Theories that Assume Full Employment -- Theories That Do Not Assume Full Employment -- Diagnosis and Prescription: What's behind Wage Stagnation and Earnings Inequality and What Can Be Done to Reverse It? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Widening Socioeconomic Divergence in the U.S. Labor Market -- Introduction -- Defining Labor Underutilization -- Defining the Educational Attainment and Household Income Groups -- Identifying Labor Underutilization Problems across Education and Household Income Groups in the U.S. -- Unemployment Problems Among Workers Across Education and Income Groups in 2013-2014 -- Underemployment Problems Among U.S. Workers -- The Problems of Hidden Unemployment Among Workers in 2013-2014 -- Hidden Unemployment Rates Among Workers -- Labor Underutilization Problems in the U.S. in 2013-2014 -- Labor Underutilization Rates Among Workers -- By Separate Educational Attainment/Household Income Groups.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">The Findings of Logistic Probability Models to Predict Labor Underutilization among Workers in 2013-2014 -- The Labor Underutilization Problems of the Nation's Young Adults (16-29) in 2013-2014 -- Trends in Labor Underutilization Rates Among Adults (16 and Over) by Educational Attainment and Household Income, 1999-2000 to 2013-2014 -- Income Problems of Underutilized Workers, 2012-2013 -- The Three Income Inadequacy Measures -- The Poverty Rates of Workers by Underutilization Status and Educational Attainment -- Poverty/Near Poverty Problems of the Underutilized -- Low-Income Problems of Workers by Labor Underutilization and Educational Attainment -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 7A: Labor Underutilization Rates by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7B: Associations Between Educational Attainment/Household Income by Gender and Race-Ethnic Groups -- Appendix 7C: Logistic Probability Models Showing Effects of Demographics on Underutilization Rate of Workers -- Appendix 7D: Estimating the Probability of a Person with Given Background Traits Being Underutilized in 2013-2014 -- Appendix 7E: Logistic Probability Model of Labor Underutilization for Labor Force Participants Under 30 -- References -- Part III: Education and Opportunity -- Chapter 8: Gates, Gaps, and Intergenerational Mobility: The Importance of an Even Start -- Introduction: How Can We Make the Start More Even? -- What Makes a Difference Early in Life? -- Gates and Gaps and the Life-Cycle Model -- What We Know about Early Influences on Health, Behavior, and Learning: A Very Brief Review -- Preschool Investments -- The Five Factors That Determine Early Development -- Family Structure -- Parenting -- Economic Inequality: Money Matters-A Lot -- Social Institutions -- Neighborhoods and the Role of Place -- The Changing Race and Ethnicity of American Children.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Using the Gates-Gaps Metaphor to Examine Opportunity and Mobility Early in Life -- Transition 1: Prenatal and Family Birth Status -- Transition 2: Life at Early Ages, Post-Birth but before Preschool (6 Months to 3-4 Years) -- Transition 3: Preschool and Early Childhood Education (Ages 4-6) -- Cumulative Gaps? -- Summary -- Policy Levers to Open Gates, Reduce Gaps, and Moderate Cumulative Gaps Early On -- Unwanted Pregnancy at Young Ages: An Agency Problem -- Money Makes a Difference in Parenting -- Prenatal and Early Parenting Programs -- The Role of the Pediatrician -- Preschool: The Importance of Quality -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 9: Quality and Equality in American Education: Systemic Problems, Systemic Solutions -- An Unequal Present -- Let's Start with the Children -- Where Do the Schools Fit In? -- Unequal Resources -- Organizational Dysfunction and Unequal Practices -- Signs of Progress -- Observations from 60 Years of Equity Reforms: There Are No Silver Bullets -- Lesson One: Implementation Dominates Impact -- Context Matters -- Capacity Is a Key Determinant of Implementation Quality and Results -- Implementation Is a Social Process -- Lesson Two: Piecemeal Reforms Leave Systemic Contributors Untouched -- Vision of a More Equitable Education System -- The Foundation: A Quality School System -- Coherent Standards-Based Policy Framework -- A Continuous Improvement Approach -- Continuous Improvement (CI) and Outcome Accountability -- Continuous Improvement and Equity -- Targeted Strategies to Reduce Inequalities: Four High-Leverage Approaches -- Ensuring Safe and Supportive School Environments -- Developing Language Skills -- Implementing a Tiered Approach to Intervention -- Attending to Transition Points -- Beyond School: Connecting Schools with Services and Institutions in the Community.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Getting From Here to There: The Problem of Change at Scale.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="588" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="590" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2024. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries. </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Electronic books.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Braun, Henry.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Print version:</subfield><subfield code="a">Kirsch, Irwin</subfield><subfield code="t">The Dynamics of Opportunity in America</subfield><subfield code="d">Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2016</subfield><subfield code="z">9783319259895</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="797" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ProQuest (Firm)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/oeawat/detail.action?docID=5578412</subfield><subfield code="z">Click to View</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |