Housing Estates in Europe : : Poverty, Ethnic Segregation and Policy Challenges.

Housing Estates in Europe : : Poverty, Ethnic Segregation and Policy Challenges.

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:The Urban Book Series
:
Hess, Daniel Baldwin.
TeilnehmendeR:
Tammaru, Tiit.
van Ham, Maarten.
Place / Publishing House:Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2018.
©2018.
Year of Publication:2018
Edition:1st ed.
Language:English
Series:The Urban Book Series
Online Access:
Physical Description:1 online resource (429 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Editors and Contributors
  • Introduction
  • 1 Lessons Learned from a Pan-European Study of Large Housing Estates: Origin, Trajectories of Change and Future Prospects
  • Abstract
  • 1.1 Point of Departure for Scholarly Inquiry
  • 1.2 Formation of Large Housing Estates in Europe
  • 1.3 Large Housing Estates Defined
  • 1.4 Key Findings
  • 1.5 Takeaway Messages
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Thematic Lenses for Scholarly Inquiry
  • 2 Beyond an Ugly Appearance: Understanding the Physical Design and Built Environment of Large Housing Estates
  • Abstract
  • 2.1 Large Housing Estates Are Intriguing
  • 2.2 Reflections on Large Housing Estates
  • 2.2.1 Features of Housing Estates
  • 2.2.2 Defining Large Housing Estates and High Rises
  • 2.3 The Roots of Large Housing Estates
  • 2.3.1 Philanthropists Take Action
  • 2.3.2 Governments at Last Got Involved
  • 2.3.3 Healthy Garden Cities
  • 2.3.4 Modern CIAM Architects
  • 2.3.5 A Housing Estate as a Planned Neighbourhood
  • 2.4 Glorious Estates
  • 2.4.1 Mass Housing for Millions
  • 2.4.2 Seven Motives for Building Large Housing Estates
  • 2.5 Large Housing Estates: Similar Start, Divergent Outcomes
  • 2.5.1 The High-Rise Wave
  • 2.5.2 There Were Critics, but No One Listened
  • 2.5.3 Different Outcomes
  • 2.6 Sink Estates
  • 2.6.1 All Areas Develop, but Some Areas Get Deprived
  • 2.6.2 Cycles of Decline
  • 2.6.3 Is It the Design?
  • 2.6.4 At Least, Design Plays a Role
  • 2.7 Urban Renewal Policies
  • 2.7.1 Urban Renewal Policies
  • 2.8 Renewing Large Housing Estates
  • 2.8.1 Large Housing Estates: One Size Fits All
  • 2.8.2 From One Size to More Flavours
  • 2.8.3 Three Ingredients for an Integrated Approach
  • 2.9 Conclusion
  • References
  • 3 Who Is to Blame for the Decline of Large Housing Estates? An Exploration of Socio-Demographic and Ethnic Change
  • Abstract.
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Initial Conditions
  • 3.2.1 Poor Physical Design
  • 3.2.2 Weaknesses in Urban Design and Inadequate Spatial Planning
  • 3.2.3 Recruitment of Initial Residents
  • 3.3 Relative Depreciation
  • 3.3.1 Size of the Housing Stock
  • 3.3.2 Characteristics of Local Housing Markets
  • 3.3.3 Tenure
  • 3.4 Management
  • 3.4.1 Maintenance
  • 3.4.2 Housing Allocation
  • 3.5 Renewal
  • 3.6 Macro Developments
  • 3.6.1 Population Change
  • 3.6.2 Declining Employment
  • 3.7 Conclusion
  • References
  • Case Studies of Housing Estates in European Metropolitan Areas
  • 4 Exceptional Social Housing in a Residual Welfare State: Housing Estates in Athens, Greece
  • Abstract
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Periodisation of Policies, Priorities and Forces at Work
  • 4.2.1 The 1920s and 1930s
  • 4.2.2 From the 1950s to the Late 1970s
  • 4.2.3 From the Early 1980s to the Present
  • 4.3 Physical Form
  • 4.4 Allocation Process and Tenure
  • 4.5 Demographics and Social Profile
  • 4.6 Ongoing Degradation and New Planning Initiatives
  • 4.7 Conclusion: Current Challenges for Housing Estates
  • References
  • 5 Large Housing Estates of Berlin, Germany
  • Abstract
  • 5.1 The Formation of Large Housing Estates in Berlin
  • 5.2 The Formation of Large Housing Estates in East Berlin
  • 5.3 A Nation of Tenants
  • 5.4 The Märkisches Viertel Estate in West Berlin
  • 5.5 The Marzahn, Hellersdorf and Hohenschönhausen Estates in East Berlin
  • 5.6 Large Estates and Market Liberalisation
  • 5.7 Residential Change in Berlin's Housing Estates
  • 5.8 Conclusion
  • References
  • 6 Decline and Response? Lifecycle Change and Housing Estates in Birmingham, England
  • Abstract
  • 6.1 Mass Housing in England
  • 6.2 Birmingham
  • 6.3 Estates at the Outset
  • 6.4 Decline and Fall?
  • 6.5 The Central Estates
  • 6.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References.
  • 7 Sprouted All Around: The Emergence and Evolution of Housing Estates in Brussels, Belgium
  • Abstract
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Public Policies and Large Housing Estates: The Belgian Particularity
  • 7.3 Large Housing Estates in Brussels
  • 7.3.1 Definition and Selection of Large Housing Estates
  • 7.3.2 The Configuration and Physical Aspects of Brussels' Large Housing Estates
  • 7.4 Brussels' Large Housing Estates: Structures of Segregation?
  • 7.4.1 Demographic and Socioeconomic Evolution of Large Housing Estates (1991-2011)
  • 7.4.2 Large Housing Estates' Impact on Ethnic and Socioeconomic Segregation in Brussels
  • 7.5 Challenges, Political Awareness and Public Intervention
  • 7.5.1 Public Large Housing Estates
  • 7.5.2 Private Large Housing Estates
  • 7.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 8 The Many (Still) Functional Housing Estates of Bucharest, Romania: A Viable Housing Provider in Europe's Densest Capital City
  • Abstract
  • 8.1 Introduction: A City With Many Housing Estates
  • 8.2 Growth of Bucharest's Housing Estates in Four Periods
  • 8.2.1 1945-1955: Introduction of High-Quality Small-Scale Housing Estates
  • 8.2.2 1956-1977: Quality in Mass Housing
  • 8.2.3 1977-1990: Austerity, Poorer Quality and Densification
  • 8.2.4 After 1990: The End of Mass Housing, Further Densification and Gated Communities
  • 8.3 Characteristics of Physical Layouts of Housing Estates: 'Surround,' 'Points,' 'Blades,' and 'Canyon'
  • 8.4 Social Composition and Challenges Faced by Housing Estates
  • 8.5 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 9 Persistence or Change: Divergent Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Budapest, Hungary
  • Abstract
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 The Evolution of Housing Estates in Hungary with Special Attention to Budapest
  • 9.2.1 Housing Estates of the 1950s
  • 9.2.2 Housing Estates of the 1960s.
  • 9.2.3 Housing Estates of the 1970s
  • 9.2.4 Housing Estates of the 1980s
  • 9.3 Housing Estates in Hungary and Budapest
  • 9.3.1 Distribution of Housing Estates at the National Level
  • 9.3.2 Characteristics of Housing Estates in Budapest
  • 9.4 Socio-economic Changes in Housing Estates in Budapest After 1990
  • 9.5 Post-socialist Transition and the Challenges of Large Housing Estates
  • 9.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 10 Experience of a Preventive Experiment: Spatial Social Mixing in Post-World War II Housing Estates in Helsinki, Finland
  • Abstract
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Planning and Construction
  • 10.3 National Interpretations of Planning Ideologies
  • 10.4 Socio-Economic and Demographic Change Since the Early 1990s
  • 10.5 Local Social Life in Helsinki Housing Estates
  • 10.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 11 The Diversity of Trajectories of Large Housing Estates in Madrid, Spain
  • Abstract
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 1940-1990: Fifty Years Evolution in Urban Policy and Resident Populations in Madrid
  • 11.3 Data and Methods
  • 11.4 Types of Social Change in Large Housing Estates in Madrid (1991-2001)
  • 11.5 Challenges and Political Response
  • 11.6 Social Polarisation and Ethnic Diversity
  • 11.7 Urban Policies
  • 11.8 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 12 Social and Ethnic Transformation of Large Social Housing Estates in Milan, Italy: From Modernity to Marginalisation
  • Abstract
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Genesis and Evolution of Large Housing Estates in Milan
  • 12.3 Location and Diffusion of Large Housing Estates in Milan
  • 12.4 Social and Ethnic Succession in Public Housing Estates
  • 12.5 Physical Decay, Ageing and Social Segregation
  • 12.6 Critical Points and New Challenges
  • References
  • 13 Path-Dependent Development of Mass Housing in Moscow, Russia
  • Abstract.
  • 13.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Evolution of Mass Housing in Moscow During the 20th and 21st Centuries
  • 13.3 Socio-spatial Stratification of Moscow
  • 13.4 Demolition, Reconstruction and "Renovation" of Khrushchëvki Housing Estates
  • 13.5 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of interviewees
  • References
  • 14 Impoverishment and Social Fragmentation in Housing Estates of the Paris Region, France
  • Abstract
  • 14.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Producing and Improving Housing Estates: State-Led Policy in a Regional Context
  • 14.2.1 Suburban Housing Estates in the Paris Region: Population Growth and the Urban Renewal of Paris
  • 14.2.2 From Housing Estates to Deprived Neighbourhoods: 40 Years of Urban Policy
  • 14.3 Location, the Built Environment and Demographic Shifts in Housing Estates in the Paris Region
  • 14.3.1 Housing Estate Locations Reflect a Historical Regional Divide
  • 14.3.2 Internal Segmentation in Two 1960s Housing Estates: Orly and La Courneuve
  • 14.4 Social Change: Increasing Social Gaps and Spatial Differentiation
  • 14.4.1 A Growing Concentration of Large Families and Immigrants in Northeast and Peripheral Areas of Paris
  • 14.4.2 Poverty Concentration Enhanced by Parallel Trajectories of Mobility and Long-term Tenancies
  • 14.5 Spatial and Social Effects of Policies and Planning Strategies
  • 14.5.1 Improvement of the Built Environment and the End of Housing Estates
  • 14.5.2 The Paradoxical Effects of Urban Renewal
  • 14.5.3 A Reconcentration of Relocated Households
  • 14.5.4 New Housing Developments: Opportunities for Upper Working-class Residents
  • 14.5.5 Impoverishment in La Courneuve, Urban and Social Fragmentation in Orly
  • 14.6 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • 15 Long-term Development and Current Socio-Spatial Differentiation of Housing Estates in Prague, Czechia
  • Abstract
  • 15.1 Introduction.
  • 15.2 History of Housing Estates in Prague.

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