Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing : : A Comparison of Selected Problems in China, Germany and the United States.

• Superior document: Advanced Studies in Diginomics and Digitalization Series
• Author: Hornuf, Lars.
• TeilnehmendeR: Mangold, Sonja.; Yang, Yayun.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Advanced Studies in Diginomics and Digitalization Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (163 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• Funder Information
• Contents
• About the Authors
• List of Figures
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• References
• Chapter 2: Players in the Crowdsourcing Industry
• 2.1 Segments of the Crowd Industry
• 2.2 The Chinese, German, and U.S. Markets
• 2.3 General Market Trends
• References
• Chapter 3: Data Protection Law in Germany, the United States, and China
• 3.1 Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing in Germany: Legal Instruments, Aspects of Contract Law, Consumer Protection, and Competitio...
• 3.1.1 Legal Sources for Data Processing
• 3.1.2 Data Security: At the Interface Between Data Protection and IT Security Law
• 3.1.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Data
• 3.1.4 Particularities of Data Protection: Company Information, Consumer and Employee Data
• 3.1.5 Basic Principles of Data Processing
• 3.1.6 Pseudonymization and Anonymization as Data Protection Measures
• 3.1.7 Consent as the Central Legitimation of Data Processing
• 3.1.8 Algorithm-Based Decision-Making: Risks of Discrimination, Solution Approaches
• 3.1.9 Rights of Data Subjects
• 3.1.10 The Data Protection Impact Assessment: Self-Evaluation in the Case of High-Risk Data Processing
• 3.1.11 Internal and External Data Protection Controls
• 3.1.12 Sanctions
• 3.2 Data Privacy in Digital Business in the United States: Fragmented Rules, State Pioneers and the Prominent Role of the Fede...
• 3.2.1 Patchwork of Privacy Regulation
• 3.2.2 Data Security: Numerous Legal Sources
• 3.2.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Information: No Single Definition
• 3.2.4 Protection of Consumer and Employee Data
• 3.2.5 Main Principles of Data Processing: Sector-Specific and State-Specific Approaches
• 3.2.6 Anonymization and Pseudonymization
• 3.2.7 Consent for Data Processing: Limited Legal Requirements.
• 3.2.8 Regulation of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Steps and Gaps
• 3.2.9 Individual Rights: Scattered Rules
• 3.2.10 Requirements for Data Protection Risk Assessments
• 3.2.11 Internal and External Enforcement
• 3.2.12 Sanctions
• 3.3 Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing in China
• 3.3.1 Various Sources of Law for Data Processing: A Brief Overview
• 3.3.2 Data Security
• 3.3.3 Protection of Personal Identifiable Information and Sensitive Data
• 3.3.4 Particularities of Data Protection: Company, Consumer, and Employee Data
• 3.3.5 Basic Principles of Data Processing
• 3.3.6 Anonymization and de-Identification as Data Protection Instruments
• 3.3.7 Consent as the Standard for Legitimation of Data Processing
• 3.3.8 Automated Decision-Making
• 3.3.9 Rights of Data Subjects
• 3.3.10 Data Protection Impact Assessment
• 3.3.11 Internal and External Data Protection Supervision
• 3.3.12 Sanctions
• 3.4 Similarities and Differences in Regulatory Approaches
• 3.4.1 Particularities of Norm-Setting in the Field of Data Privacy
• 3.4.2 Data Security Standards
• 3.4.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Data
• 3.4.4 Collection of Company Information and Consumer and Employee Data in the GDPR Broadly
• 3.4.5 General Principles of Data Processing, Privacy by Design and by Default
• 3.4.6 Anonymization and Pseudonymization
• 3.4.7 Consent for Legitimizing Data Processing
• 3.4.8 Regulation of Algorithmic Decision-Making
• 3.4.9 Individual Rights
• 3.4.10 Data Protection Impact Assessment
• 3.4.11 Enforcement Mechanisms
• 3.5 Interim Result and the Aspect of Regulatory Competition
• References
• Chapter 4: Privacy Statements in China, Germany, and the United States
• 4.1 Processing of Data
• 4.2 Processing of Data by Third Parties
• References
• Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusion
• 5.1 Increasing Regulation and Regulatory Competition.
• 5.2 Processing of User Data
• 5.2.1 Privacy Statements as Main Source of Information
• 5.2.2 Processing of Crowdworkers ́Data
• 5.2.3 Collection of Sensitive Data
• 5.3 Processing of Data by Third Parties
• 5.3.1 Data Sharing
• 5.3.2 Use of Social Plugins and Web Analytics
• 5.3.3 Use of Cookies
• 5.3.4 Data Protection Efforts by Platforms and Outlook
• References
• Appendices
• A. Chinese Crowdsourcing Platforms
• A.1 Platforms with a Privacy Statement
• A.2 Platforms Without a Privacy Statement
• A.3 Platforms with No Website
• B. German Crowdsourcing Platforms
• B.1 Platforms with Privacy Statements
• C. U.S. Crowdsourcing Platforms
• C.1 Platforms with Privacy Statements
• C.2 Platforms Without a Privacy Statement
• C.3 Platforms with No Website.