Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing : : A Comparison of Selected Problems in China, Germany and the United States.

• Superior document: Advanced Studies in Diginomics and Digitalization Series
• Author: Hornuf, Lars.
• TeilnehmendeR: Mangold, Sonja.; Yang, Yayun.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Advanced Studies in Diginomics and Digitalization Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (163 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Foreword -- Funder Information -- Contents -- About the Authors -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Players in the Crowdsourcing Industry -- 2.1 Segments of the Crowd Industry -- 2.2 The Chinese, German, and U.S. Markets -- 2.3 General Market Trends -- References -- Chapter 3: Data Protection Law in Germany, the United States, and China -- 3.1 Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing in Germany: Legal Instruments, Aspects of Contract Law, Consumer Protection, and Competitio... -- 3.1.1 Legal Sources for Data Processing -- 3.1.2 Data Security: At the Interface Between Data Protection and IT Security Law -- 3.1.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Data -- 3.1.4 Particularities of Data Protection: Company Information, Consumer and Employee Data -- 3.1.5 Basic Principles of Data Processing -- 3.1.6 Pseudonymization and Anonymization as Data Protection Measures -- 3.1.7 Consent as the Central Legitimation of Data Processing -- 3.1.8 Algorithm-Based Decision-Making: Risks of Discrimination, Solution Approaches -- 3.1.9 Rights of Data Subjects -- 3.1.10 The Data Protection Impact Assessment: Self-Evaluation in the Case of High-Risk Data Processing -- 3.1.11 Internal and External Data Protection Controls -- 3.1.12 Sanctions -- 3.2 Data Privacy in Digital Business in the United States: Fragmented Rules, State Pioneers and the Prominent Role of the Fede... -- 3.2.1 Patchwork of Privacy Regulation -- 3.2.2 Data Security: Numerous Legal Sources -- 3.2.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Information: No Single Definition -- 3.2.4 Protection of Consumer and Employee Data -- 3.2.5 Main Principles of Data Processing: Sector-Specific and State-Specific Approaches -- 3.2.6 Anonymization and Pseudonymization -- 3.2.7 Consent for Data Processing: Limited Legal Requirements.

3.2.8 Regulation of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Steps and Gaps -- 3.2.9 Individual Rights: Scattered Rules -- 3.2.10 Requirements for Data Protection Risk Assessments -- 3.2.11 Internal and External Enforcement -- 3.2.12 Sanctions -- 3.3 Data Privacy and Crowdsourcing in China -- 3.3.1 Various Sources of Law for Data Processing: A Brief Overview -- 3.3.2 Data Security -- 3.3.3 Protection of Personal Identifiable Information and Sensitive Data -- 3.3.4 Particularities of Data Protection: Company, Consumer, and Employee Data -- 3.3.5 Basic Principles of Data Processing -- 3.3.6 Anonymization and de-Identification as Data Protection Instruments -- 3.3.7 Consent as the Standard for Legitimation of Data Processing -- 3.3.8 Automated Decision-Making -- 3.3.9 Rights of Data Subjects -- 3.3.10 Data Protection Impact Assessment -- 3.3.11 Internal and External Data Protection Supervision -- 3.3.12 Sanctions -- 3.4 Similarities and Differences in Regulatory Approaches -- 3.4.1 Particularities of Norm-Setting in the Field of Data Privacy -- 3.4.2 Data Security Standards -- 3.4.3 Protection of Personal and Sensitive Data -- 3.4.4 Collection of Company Information and Consumer and Employee Data in the GDPR Broadly -- 3.4.5 General Principles of Data Processing, Privacy by Design and by Default -- 3.4.6 Anonymization and Pseudonymization -- 3.4.7 Consent for Legitimizing Data Processing -- 3.4.8 Regulation of Algorithmic Decision-Making -- 3.4.9 Individual Rights -- 3.4.10 Data Protection Impact Assessment -- 3.4.11 Enforcement Mechanisms -- 3.5 Interim Result and the Aspect of Regulatory Competition -- References -- Chapter 4: Privacy Statements in China, Germany, and the United States -- 4.1 Processing of Data -- 4.2 Processing of Data by Third Parties -- References -- Chapter 5: Summary and Conclusion -- 5.1 Increasing Regulation and Regulatory Competition.

5.2 Processing of User Data -- 5.2.1 Privacy Statements as Main Source of Information -- 5.2.2 Processing of Crowdworkers ́Data -- 5.2.3 Collection of Sensitive Data -- 5.3 Processing of Data by Third Parties -- 5.3.1 Data Sharing -- 5.3.2 Use of Social Plugins and Web Analytics -- 5.3.3 Use of Cookies -- 5.3.4 Data Protection Efforts by Platforms and Outlook -- References -- Appendices -- A. Chinese Crowdsourcing Platforms -- A.1 Platforms with a Privacy Statement -- A.2 Platforms Without a Privacy Statement -- A.3 Platforms with No Website -- B. German Crowdsourcing Platforms -- B.1 Platforms with Privacy Statements -- C. U.S. Crowdsourcing Platforms -- C.1 Platforms with Privacy Statements -- C.2 Platforms Without a Privacy Statement -- C.3 Platforms with No Website.