Simulation and Optimization of Internal Combustion Engines.

• Author: Han, Zhiyu.
• Place / Publishing House: Warrendale : : SAE International,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (372 pages)

Table of Contents

Cover -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Nomenclature -- Superscript -- Subscript -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Recent Progress and Outlook of Automotive Engines -- 1.1.1 Achievement in Engine Performance and Emissions -- 1.1.2 Future Development of IC Engines -- 1.2 Roles of Multidimensional Engine Simulation -- References -- 2 Combustion Basis of Internal Combustion Engines -- 2.1 Thermodynamic Analysis -- 2.2 Mixture Formation and Combustion in Spark-Ignition Gasoline Engines -- 2.3 Combustion in Diesel Engines -- 2.4 Advanced Concepts of Low-Temperature Combustion -- References -- 3 Mathematical Description of Reactive Flow with Sprays -- 3.1 Governing and Spray Equations -- 3.1.1 Governing Equations of Gas Phase -- 3.1.2 Spray Equation -- 3.2 Numerical Methods -- 3.2.1 The KIVA Code -- 3.2.2 The CONVERGE Code -- 3.3 Boundary Conditions -- 3.3.1 General Description -- 3.3.2 Velocity Law-of-the-Wall Function -- 3.3.3 Temperature Wall Function and Wall Heat Transfer -- References -- 4 In-Cylinder Turbulence -- 4.1 Turbulence Features in Reciprocating Engines -- 4.1.1 In-Cylinder Flows -- 4.1.2 Turbulence Scales -- 4.2 RANS Methodology and Classical k-ε Models -- 4.2.1 RANS Methodology -- 4.2.2 The Classical k-ε Model -- 4.3 RNG k-ε Models -- 4.3.1 RNG Methodology -- 4.3.2 The RNG k-ε Model for Variable-Density Flows -- 4.3.3 Other RNG k-ε Model Variants -- 4.4 Large-Eddy Simulation -- 4.4.1 LES Methodology and Sub-Grid Models -- 4.4.1.1 Smagorinsky Model -- 4.4.1.2 Dynamic Smagorinsky Model -- 4.4.1.3 k-Equation Model -- 4.4.1.4 Dynamic Structure Model -- 4.4.2 Engine Simulation Examples -- 4.4.2.1 Intake and In-Cylinder Flows -- 4.4.2.2. Cycle-to-Cycle Combustion Variation -- 4.4.2.3 Low-Temperature Spray Combustion -- 4.4.2.4 Ignition Effects on DI Gasoline Combustion -- 4.4.2.5 Stratified-Charge DI Gasoline Combustion.

References -- 5 Fuel Sprays -- 5.1 General Description -- 5.1.1 Multidimensional Spray Modeling -- 5.1.2 Structure Parameters of Sprays -- 5.2 Spray Atomization -- 5.2.1 Numerical Treatment of Fuel Injection -- 5.2.2 Jet Atomization -- 5.2.3 Sheet Atomization -- 5.3 Drop Dynamics -- 5.3.1 Secondary Breakup -- 5.3.2 Collision and Coalescence -- 5.3.3 Drag, Deformation, and Turbulent Dispersion -- 5.4 Evaporation -- 5.4.1 Single-Component Evaporation -- 5.4.2 Multi-Component Evaporation -- 5.5 Spray Wall Impingement -- 5.5.1 Spray Impingement Regimes -- 5.5.2 Post Impingement Outcomes -- 5.5.3 Wall Film Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer -- References -- 6 Combustion and Pollutant Emissions -- 6.1 Overview -- 6.2 Characteristic-Time Combustion Model -- 6.2.1 Model Formulation -- 6.2.2 Diesel Engine Combustion Simulation -- 6.3 Flamelet Methods -- 6.3.1 Level Set G-Equation Model -- 6.3.2 SI Engine Combustion Simulation -- 6.4 Sub-Grid Direct Chemistry Approach -- 6.4.1 Description of the Method -- 6.4.2 HCCI Combustion Simulation -- 6.5 Chemical Reaction Mechanism and Its Reduction -- 6.6 Ignition Models -- 6.6.1 Spark Ignition -- 6.6.2 Compression Ignition -- 6.7 Models of NOx and Soot Emissions -- 6.7.1 NOx Emission Models -- 6.7.2 Soot Emission Models -- 6.7.3 Model Predictions -- References -- 7 Optimization of Direct-Injection Gasoline Engines -- 7.1 Advanced Combustion Development Methodology -- 7.1.1 Modeling-Driven Approach -- 7.1.2 Overview of Optimization Algorithms -- 7.2 CFD Codes and Software for IC Engines -- 7.3 Direct-Injection Spray Characterization -- 7.4 Mixing in Wall-Guided DI Systems -- 7.4.1 Homogeneous Mixture Formation -- 7.4.1.1 In-Cylinder Mixing Phenomena -- 7.4.1.2 Mixture Homogeneity and Improvement -- 7.4.2 Stratified-Charge Formation -- 7.5 Soot and Hydrocarbon Emissions by Wall-Wettings.

7.6 Mixing in Spray-Guided and Turbocharged DI Systems -- References -- 8 Optimization of Diesel and Alternative Fuel Engines -- 8.1 Direct-Injection Diesel Engines -- 8.1.1 Emissions Reduction by Multiple Injections -- 8.1.1.1 NO Reduction Mechanism -- 8.1.1.2 Soot Reduction Mechanism -- 8.1.2 Geometry of Helical-Port and Combustion Chamber -- 8.1.3 Emissions at Cold Start -- 8.2 Alternative Fuel Engines -- 8.2.1 Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Engines -- 8.2.2 RCCI in Diesel-Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Combustion -- 8.2.3 Combustion and NOx Emissions of Biodiesel Fuels -- References -- Index -- About the Author.