Ebb and Flow : : Volume 1. Water, Migration, and Development.
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| Place / Publishing House: | Washington, D. C. : : World Bank Publications,, 2021. ©2021. |
| Year of Publication: | 2021 |
| Edition: | 1st ed. |
| Language: | English |
| Online Access: | |
| Physical Description: | 1 online resource (161 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Front Cover
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Executive Summary
- Focus of the Report
- Taking a Global, Long-Run Perspective
- Stay or Go: Why and in What Context Do Water Shocks Induce Migration?
- Water, Migration, and Human Capital Spillovers: Who Are the Typical Migrants and What Human Capital Do They Carry with Them?
- The Cost of Day Zero Events: What Are the Development Implications for Shocks in the City?
- Going with the Flow: The Policy Challenge
- References
- Chapter One Transitions and Transformations
- Introduction
- Focus of the Report
- Climate Change and the Increasing Variability of Rainfall
- Learning about Water's Role in Global Migration from Half a Billion Individual Records
- Social Dimensions of Migration
- Structure of the Report
- References
- Spotlight Inequality, Social Cohesion, and the COVID-19 Public Health Crisis at the Nexus of Water and Migration
- Chapter Two Stay or Go?
- Key Highlights
- Introduction
- Should I Stay or Should I Go? Estimating the Impacts of Water Shocks on Migration Decisions
- Does Buffering Rural Income from Rainfall Shocks Influence Migration?
- Irrigation Costs and Forest Loss
- Water as a Conduit for Development
- Notes
- References
- Chapter Three Water, Migration, and Human Capital Spillovers
- Key Highlights
- Introduction: The Human Capital Channel
- From Temporal to Spatial Spillovers
- Water Shocks, Distress Migration, and Workers' Skills
- Productivity, Growth, and Welfare
- Adaptation Strategies, Adjustment Channels, and Regional Specificities
- Implications for Development Policy
- Note
- References
- Chapter Four The Cost of Day Zero Events
- Key Highlights
- A Historical Perspective on Droughts and Cities
- Learn from the Past or Be Doomed to Repeat It
- The Importance of Water for Growth.
- Quantifying the Cost of Day Zero-Like Events
- The Way Forward
- Notes
- References
- Chapter Five Going with the Flow
- The Policy Challenge
- Policy Options at the Origin
- Policy Options at the Destination
- Weighing Policy Options
- Annex 5A Projected Changes in Annual Rainfall in Africa
- Notes
- References
- Boxes
- Box 1.1: Water and the Urbanizing Force of Development
- Box 1.2: Is Water a Locational Fundamental?
- Box 1.3: COVID-19 (Coronovirus) Fallout
- Box 1.4: Exploring Water Scarcity through Water Shocks
- Box 1.5: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning
- Box 1.6: Social Cleavages Run Deep
- Box 2.1: Using Disaggregated Global Data to Illuminate Water and Migration Links
- Box 2.2: Choosing Not to Migrate
- Box 2.3: Measuring the Buffering Effect of Gray and Green Infrastructure
- Box 2.4: Water Shocks and Declining Wetlands
- Box 2.5: Irrigation Costs and Forest Loss
- Box 3.1: Examining Determinants of Migrants' Human Capital through Census Data
- Box 3.2: Rainfall, Education, and Regional Migration-Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data
- Box 3.3: Drought and Rural-Urban Migration: Impacts of Cumulative Rainfall Shocks
- Box 4.1: The Resilience of Urban Water Systems
- Box 4.2: Measuring the Impacts of Water Deficits on Economic Activity in Cities
- Box 5.1: Analytical Approaches Help Decision-Makers Confront Large Uncertainties
- Box 5.2: New Ideas to Thwart the Next Urban Water Crisis
- Box 5.3: Place-Based Policies and Risk Management
- Figures
- Figure ES.1: This Report Takes a Global Perspective to Answer Three Questions
- Figure ES.2: The Importance of Various Characteristics in Explaining Migration
- Figure ES.3: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Income
- Figure ES.4: Rainfall and Migrants' Education.
- Figure ES.5: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on City Growth Rates at Urban Water Points
- Figure ES.6: Water Shapes Migration and Development
- Figure ES.7: Policies and Investments to Sustain Prosperity
- Figure 1.1: The Report Takes a Global Perspective to Address Three Questions
- Figure 1.2: The Importance of Water Shocks in Explaining Migration
- Figure 2.1: Main Results at a Glance: Channels through Which Rainfall Deficits Affect Migration
- Figure 2.2: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Agricultural Dependence and Income Distribution
- Figure 2.3: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Gray (Irrigation) and Green (Forest) Infrastructure
- Figure 3.1: Rainfall and Migrants' Education
- Figure 3.2: Migrant Skills and the Presence of Large Cities
- Figure 4.1: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on City Growth Rates
- Figure 4.2: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, by Climate
- Figure 4.3: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, by City Population Size
- Figure 4.4: Impact of Weather at Nonsurface Urban Water Points on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, Placebo Test
- Figure 4.5: Comparison of Water-Intensive and Water-Scarce Economies, Nonagricultural
- Figure 5.1: Policy Approaches at the Source and Destination
- Figure 5.2: Share of Regions in North Africa and G5 Sahel Countries That Experienced Different Types of Conflict Events, by the Presence of Irrigation
- Figure 5.3: Policies and Investments to Sustain Prosperity
- Figure 5A.1.1: Projected Changes in Annual Rainfall in Africa
- Maps
- Map B1.2.1: Clustering of Cities along Major River Basins
- Map B3.2.1: Regions Used in the Cross-Sectional Analysis
- Map B3.3.1: The Subregions of Brazil, Indonesia, and Mexico Explored Using Census Data.
- Map 4.1: Location of Cities Experiencing Deep Three-Plus Years of Water Deficits, 1992-2013
- Tables
- Table 4.1: Drought Events in Major Urban Water Supply Systems
- Table 4.2: Cities Facing Largest Three-Year Water Deficits
- Table B5.3.1: Typology of Options for Risk Management.