Ebb and Flow : : Volume 1. Water, Migration, and Development.

• Author: Zaveri, Esha.
• TeilnehmendeR: Russ, Jason.; Khan, Amjad.; Damania, Richard.; Jägerskog, Anders.
• Place / Publishing House: Washington, D. C. : : World Bank Publications,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (161 pages)

Table of Contents

Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Focus of the Report -- Taking a Global, Long-Run Perspective -- Stay or Go: Why and in What Context Do Water Shocks Induce Migration? -- Water, Migration, and Human Capital Spillovers: Who Are the Typical Migrants and What Human Capital Do They Carry with Them? -- The Cost of Day Zero Events: What Are the Development Implications for Shocks in the City? -- Going with the Flow: The Policy Challenge -- References -- Chapter One Transitions and Transformations -- Introduction -- Focus of the Report -- Climate Change and the Increasing Variability of Rainfall -- Learning about Water's Role in Global Migration from Half a Billion Individual Records -- Social Dimensions of Migration -- Structure of the Report -- References -- Spotlight Inequality, Social Cohesion, and the COVID-19 Public Health Crisis at the Nexus of Water and Migration -- Chapter Two Stay or Go? -- Key Highlights -- Introduction -- Should I Stay or Should I Go? Estimating the Impacts of Water Shocks on Migration Decisions -- Does Buffering Rural Income from Rainfall Shocks Influence Migration? -- Irrigation Costs and Forest Loss -- Water as a Conduit for Development -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Three Water, Migration, and Human Capital Spillovers -- Key Highlights -- Introduction: The Human Capital Channel -- From Temporal to Spatial Spillovers -- Water Shocks, Distress Migration, and Workers' Skills -- Productivity, Growth, and Welfare -- Adaptation Strategies, Adjustment Channels, and Regional Specificities -- Implications for Development Policy -- Note -- References -- Chapter Four The Cost of Day Zero Events -- Key Highlights -- A Historical Perspective on Droughts and Cities -- Learn from the Past or Be Doomed to Repeat It -- The Importance of Water for Growth.

Quantifying the Cost of Day Zero-Like Events -- The Way Forward -- Notes -- References -- Chapter Five Going with the Flow -- The Policy Challenge -- Policy Options at the Origin -- Policy Options at the Destination -- Weighing Policy Options -- Annex 5A Projected Changes in Annual Rainfall in Africa -- Notes -- References -- Boxes -- Box 1.1: Water and the Urbanizing Force of Development -- Box 1.2: Is Water a Locational Fundamental? -- Box 1.3: COVID-19 (Coronovirus) Fallout -- Box 1.4: Exploring Water Scarcity through Water Shocks -- Box 1.5: Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning -- Box 1.6: Social Cleavages Run Deep -- Box 2.1: Using Disaggregated Global Data to Illuminate Water and Migration Links -- Box 2.2: Choosing Not to Migrate -- Box 2.3: Measuring the Buffering Effect of Gray and Green Infrastructure -- Box 2.4: Water Shocks and Declining Wetlands -- Box 2.5: Irrigation Costs and Forest Loss -- Box 3.1: Examining Determinants of Migrants' Human Capital through Census Data -- Box 3.2: Rainfall, Education, and Regional Migration-Evidence from Cross-Sectional Data -- Box 3.3: Drought and Rural-Urban Migration: Impacts of Cumulative Rainfall Shocks -- Box 4.1: The Resilience of Urban Water Systems -- Box 4.2: Measuring the Impacts of Water Deficits on Economic Activity in Cities -- Box 5.1: Analytical Approaches Help Decision-Makers Confront Large Uncertainties -- Box 5.2: New Ideas to Thwart the Next Urban Water Crisis -- Box 5.3: Place-Based Policies and Risk Management -- Figures -- Figure ES.1: This Report Takes a Global Perspective to Answer Three Questions -- Figure ES.2: The Importance of Various Characteristics in Explaining Migration -- Figure ES.3: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Income -- Figure ES.4: Rainfall and Migrants' Education.

Figure ES.5: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on City Growth Rates at Urban Water Points -- Figure ES.6: Water Shapes Migration and Development -- Figure ES.7: Policies and Investments to Sustain Prosperity -- Figure 1.1: The Report Takes a Global Perspective to Address Three Questions -- Figure 1.2: The Importance of Water Shocks in Explaining Migration -- Figure 2.1: Main Results at a Glance: Channels through Which Rainfall Deficits Affect Migration -- Figure 2.2: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Agricultural Dependence and Income Distribution -- Figure 2.3: Impact of Rainfall Shocks on Out-Migration Rates, by Gray (Irrigation) and Green (Forest) Infrastructure -- Figure 3.1: Rainfall and Migrants' Education -- Figure 3.2: Migrant Skills and the Presence of Large Cities -- Figure 4.1: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on City Growth Rates -- Figure 4.2: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, by Climate -- Figure 4.3: Impact of Water Supply Shocks on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, by City Population Size -- Figure 4.4: Impact of Weather at Nonsurface Urban Water Points on Urban Luminosity Growth Rate, Placebo Test -- Figure 4.5: Comparison of Water-Intensive and Water-Scarce Economies, Nonagricultural -- Figure 5.1: Policy Approaches at the Source and Destination -- Figure 5.2: Share of Regions in North Africa and G5 Sahel Countries That Experienced Different Types of Conflict Events, by the Presence of Irrigation -- Figure 5.3: Policies and Investments to Sustain Prosperity -- Figure 5A.1.1: Projected Changes in Annual Rainfall in Africa -- Maps -- Map B1.2.1: Clustering of Cities along Major River Basins -- Map B3.2.1: Regions Used in the Cross-Sectional Analysis -- Map B3.3.1: The Subregions of Brazil, Indonesia, and Mexico Explored Using Census Data.

Map 4.1: Location of Cities Experiencing Deep Three-Plus Years of Water Deficits, 1992-2013 -- Tables -- Table 4.1: Drought Events in Major Urban Water Supply Systems -- Table 4.2: Cities Facing Largest Three-Year Water Deficits -- Table B5.3.1: Typology of Options for Risk Management.