A Pragmatic Approach to Conceptualization of Health and Disease.

• Superior document: Philosophy and Medicine Series ; v.151
• Author: Schermer, Maartje.
• TeilnehmendeR: Binney, Nicholas.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Philosophy and Medicine Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (332 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Acknowledgement
• Contents
• About the Editors
• About the Authors
• Chapter 1: Introduction
• Chapter 2: Prologue: A Pragmatist Approach to Conceptualization of Health and Disease
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Background Assumptions and Theoretical Starting Points
• 2.3 Connections with Classical Pragmatism
• 2.4 Problematic Situations Related to Health and Disease Concepts
• 2.4.1 Patients with Symptoms but No Pathology Are Not Understood as Diseased
• 2.4.2 Patients with Pathology or `Biomarkers´ but No Symptoms Are Understood as Diseased
• 2.4.3 Preventive Medicine Aimed at Preventing Pathology or Pathophysiology, as Opposed to Symptoms
• 2.4.4 Overdiagnosis
• 2.4.5 The False Presumption that Patients with the Same Disease Are Homogeneous
• 2.4.6 Problems with the Notion of Health
• 2.4.7 Institutional Designation of the Sick Role
• 2.5 Final Remarks
• References
• Chapter 3: Nature and Culture in Health and Disease: Historical Strategies in Medical Diagnostics for Navigating Between Criti...
• 3.1 Introduction: Diagnostic Essentialism and Nominalism
• 3.2 Diagnosis and Diagnostics Since the Nineteenth Century
• 3.3 Theories of Diagnosis in the 1920s: Crookshank, Koch and Vaihinger´s `As-If´
• 3.4 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 4: Epistemic Inclusion and the Silence of the Patients
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 The Silence of the Patients
• 4.3 From Continuity to Discontinuity
• 4.4 Epistemic Inclusion
• References
• Chapter 5: The Variety of Historiographical Medical Relativism
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Cunningham on Incommensurability and Retrospective Diagnosis
• 5.3 Jewson´s Medical Cosmologies and the Modes of Production
• 5.4 Mol on Enactment and Ontological Politics
• 5.5 The Spectrum of Relativism
• 5.6 Cunningham´s Relativism of Distance.
• 5.7 Is Cunningham Is Committed to Equal-Validity Relativism?
• 5.8 Jewson´s Locality-Relativism
• 5.9 Mol´s Ontological Relativism: Between Equal Validity and Distance
• 5.10 Summary and Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 6: Cultivate Your Own Garden-Some Reflections on Martin Kusch´s Overview of Relativism in Medical History
• References
• Chapter 7: Is There an Epistemic Role for History in Medicine? Thinking About Thyroid Cancer
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Cancer and Malignancy in the Nineteenth Century
• 7.3 Bringing Order to Chaos: 1900-1950
• 7.4 Differentiated and Undifferentiated Tumours
• 7.5 Papillary Carcinomas Comprised Mostly of Follicles
• 7.6 Papillary Carcinoma with no Papillary Structures at All
• 7.7 Lumps that Needed Splitting
• 7.8 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 8: A Plea for More History
• 8.1 Is it Important?
• 8.2 Is it Convincing?
• 8.3 How to Make it Even More Historical?
• References
• Chapter 9: Scope Validity in Medicine
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Validity, Scope, and Scope Validity
• 9.2.1 Validity Concepts and the Guiding Ideal of a Construct
• 9.2.2 The Logic of Validation in Animal Models of Human Diseases
• 9.2.3 Scope Validity
• 9.3 Towards a Relational Epistemology
• 9.3.1 A Particularistic Perspective on Disease
• 9.3.2 Scoping Methods
• 9.4 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 10: Scope Validity in Medicine: An Asset to the Epidemiologist´s Armoury
• References
• Chapter 11: The Biomarkerization of Alzheimer´s Disease: From (Early) Diagnosis to Anticipation?
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Biomarkers for Alzheimer´s Disease: Food for Thought
• 11.2.1 NIA-AA 2011
• 11.2.2 NIA-AA 2018
• 11.2.3 Draft NIA-AA 2023
• 11.3 Biomarkers and Disease
• 11.4 AD Biomarkers: Promising Homogeneity and Certainty, Producing Heterogeneity and Probabilities.
• 11.5 Implications for AD, With or Without Symptoms
• 11.6 Towards Anticipatory Healthcare
• 11.7 In Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 12: Biomarking Life
• 12.1 Do Biomarkers Promote a Shift from Ontological Concepts to Physiological Concepts?
• 12.2 Are Biomarkers Responsible for the Shift to Anticipation?
• 12.3 Do Biomarkers Decouple Disease from Suffering and Put the Person at the Center?
• 12.4 From Marking (What Is) Bad to Defining What Is Good
• 12.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 13: Risk and Disease: Two Alternative Ways of Modelling Health Phenomena
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Explaining the Blurring of the Disease-Risk Distinction
• 13.2.1 The Plasticity of the Concepts of Risk and Risk Factor
• 13.2.2 About the Distinction Between Cause(s) of Disease and Disease
• 13.2.3 Probabilistic Modelling of Chronic Diseases
• 13.3 Limits of the Functionalist Conceptual Analysis of Disease for the Risk-Disease Distinction
• 13.3.1 The Functionalist Criterion for the Risk-Disease Distinction
• 13.3.2 Risk Level Is Used to Determine the Threshold for Disease
• 13.4 Risk Beyond the Normal-Pathological Dichotomy: An Alternative Gradualist Approach of Health
• 13.4.1 The Epidemiological Risk Approach as an Alternative Way of Modelling Health Phenomena
• 13.4.2 Neither Normal Nor Pathological
• 13.4.3 Advantages of the Risk Approach and a Gradualist Concept of Health
• 13.4.4 Challenges for the Risk Approach and a Gradualist Concept of Health
• 13.5 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 14: Fundamental Concepts in Medicine: Why Risk and Disease Are Likely to Stay on Board
• References
• Chapter 15: A Pragmatic Approach to Understanding the Disease Status of Addiction
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 The Vague Cluster Account
• 15.2.1 Vagueness
• 15.2.2 Cluster Concept Structure
• 15.2.3 Disease as a Vague Cluster Concept.
• 15.3 Addiction as a Borderline Disease
• 15.3.1 Dysfunction
• 15.3.2 Harm
• 15.3.3 Explanation in Biological/Psychological Terms
• 15.3.4 Lack of Direct Conscious Control
• 15.3.5 Conclusion on the disease status of addiction
• 15.4 Pragmatic Considerations in Specifying the Disease Status of Addiction
• 15.4.1 Pragmatic Reasons for Considering Addiction a Disease
• 15.4.2 Reasons Against Taking Addiction to Be a Disease
• 15.5 How Should We Precisify `Disease´ in the Case of Addiction?
• 15.6 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 16: Addiction and Its Ambiguities: Some Comments from History
• 16.1 Contested Nature of Disease Status
• 16.1.1 The Addiction-Or Substance Use Disorder-Spectrum
• 16.2 Harmfulness of Drugs and Drug Policies
• References
• Chapter 17: Pragmatism in the Fray: Constructing Futures for `Medically Unexplained Symptoms´
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 A Change of Scene
• 17.3 Turning the Tables on `Somatisation´
• 17.4 How to Take Symptoms Seriously?
• 17.4.1 `Forget (Biomedical) Explanation!´
• 17.4.2 `Patients Need (Good) Explanations!´
• 17.5 The Symptoms Clinic: Explanations as a Wager on an Unfinished Present
• 17.6 Conclusion: Choose Your Pragmatism Carefully
• References
• Chapter 18: The Bodily Deficit in Contemporary Healthcare
• References
• Chapter 19: Conceptual Engineering Health: A Historical-Philosophical Analysis of the Concept of Positive Health
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 A Brief History of the Concept of Positive Health
• 19.2.1 Prelude
• 19.2.2 A Conference and a Position Paper
• 19.2.3 Developing the `New, Dynamic Concept´ into Positive Health
• 19.2.4 Uptake and Implementation
• 19.2.5 Critique
• 19.3 Conceptual Engineering
• 19.3.1 A New Meta-semantical Theory and Philosophical Methodology
• 19.3.2 The Target of Conceptual Engineering.
• 19.3.3 Conceptual Engineering in and for Medicine
• 19.4 Methods for Concept Evaluation
• 19.4.1 A Functional Approach
• 19.4.2 Carnapian Explication
• 19.4.3 Ameliorative Analysis
• 19.5 Assessing the Adequacy of Positive Health
• 19.5.1 Method of Choice
• 19.5.2 Through the Lens of Pragmatic Carnapian Explication
• Clarifying the Explicandum and Identifying the Task
• Assessing the Adequacy of the Proposed Explicatum
• 19.5.3 Through the Lens of Ameliorative Analysis
• Critical Analysis
• Assessing the Adequacy of the Ameliorative Concept
• 19.6 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 20: On the Social and Material Lives of Health Concepts in the Wild
• References
• Chapter 21: Healthism, Elite Capture, and the Pitfalls of an Expansive Concept of Health
• 21.1 Introduction
• 21.2 Healthism and the Moral and Aesthetic Meanings of Health
• 21.3 The Tyranny of the Community
• 21.4 Healthy Eating
• 21.5 Healthy Sexuality
• 21.6 Healthy Gender Identity
• 21.7 Elite Capture of the Concept of Health
• References
• Chapter 22: Pragmatism, Pluralism, Vigilance and Tools for Reflection: A Reply to Quill Kukla
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Health as a Multifaceted Term and Its Relation to Disease and Well-Being
• 22.3 Health as a Value-Laden Term and the Need for Ongoing Reflection
• 22.4 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 23: Epilogue: Towards a Toolbox for a Pragmatist Approach to Conceptualization of Health and Disease
• 23.1 Introduction
• 23.2 Insights into Some Problematic Situations
• 23.3 Further Themes and Issues
• 23.3.1 Disease and Diseases
• 23.3.2 Context
• 23.3.3 Concepts, Conceptions and Conceptualizations
• 23.3.4 Functions and Functioning of Concepts
• 23.3.5 Continuity and Change
• 23.4 Towards a Toolbox
• 23.4.1 A Toolbox of Disease Concepts
• 23.4.2 A Pragmatist Working Method
• 23.4.3 Concluding Remarks.
• References.