The Very Long Game : : 25 Case Studies on the Global State of Defense AI.

• Superior document: Contributions to Security and Defence Studies
• Author: Borchert, Heiko.
• TeilnehmendeR: Schütz, Torben.; Verbovszky, Joseph.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Contributions to Security and Defence Studies
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (621 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- The Very Long Game of Defense AI Adoption: Introduction -- 1 Defense AI: What's in a Word -- 2 Who Does What, Why, and How? -- 2.1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 2.1.1 Strategic Motives -- 2.1.2 Who Shapes Whom? -- 2.1.3 Human or Tech-Centric Understanding -- 2.2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.3 Organizing Defense AI -- 2.4 Funding Defense AI -- 2.5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 2.6 Training for Defense AI -- 3 Interpreting the Findings -- 3.1 Confirming Expectations -- 3.2 Surprises -- 3.3 Uncomfortable Truths -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Risky Incrementalism: Defense AI in the United States -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 What Is the U.S. Understanding of Defense AI? -- 1.2 Why Does the United States Want AI? -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 U.S. AI Strategy and its Evolution -- 2.2 The United States: Falling Behind? -- 2.3 AI Backsliding, Luddism, and the "Valley of Death" -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 3.1 Project Maven Era (2017-2018) -- 3.2 JAIC Era (2018-2022) -- 3.3 CDAO Era (2022-Present) -- 3.4 The Defense AI Ecosystem More Broadly -- 3.5 Working with Allies and Partners -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 5.1 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) -- 5.2 Cyber -- 5.3 Autonomous Systems and Vehicles -- 5.4 Command and Control -- 5.5 Disaster Relief -- 5.6 Logistics -- 6 Training for Defense AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- When the Teeth Eat the Tail: Defence AI in Canada -- 1 Background: Canada's Legacy Problems for Defense AI -- 1.1 Cultural Problems -- 1.2 The Long Hangover of Unification -- 1.3 "Records-Keeping Bedlam" -- 1.4 Consequences of these Legacy Problems -- 2 Thinking About Defense AI -- 3 Developing Defense AI -- 4 Organizing Defense AI -- 4.1 External Governance for AI.

4.2 Internal Governance for AI -- 5 Funding Defense AI in Canada -- 5.1 Canada's Procurement Disaster -- 6 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 7 Training for Defense AI -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Bright Prospects, Big Challenges: Defence AI in the United Kingdom -- 1 Thinking About Defence AI -- 1.1 The UK's Definition of AI -- 1.2 AI Demands New Concepts, British Thinking Is Nascent -- 1.3 AI Ethics, the UK Debate -- 2 Developing Defence AI -- 2.1 From 'AI Now' to 'AI Next' -- 3 Organising Defence AI -- 4 Funding Defence AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defence AI -- 5.1 The Army -- 5.2 The Royal Marines -- 5.3 The Royal Navy -- 5.4 The Royal Air Force -- 5.5 The Intelligence Agencies -- 5.6 Future Trends -- 6 Training for Defence AI -- 7 Conclusion: An AI Transformation Debate -- References -- A Fertile Soil for AI? Defense AI in Sweden -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 Sweden Embraces the AI Pathway -- 1.2 Total Defense and AI -- 1.3 The Impact of AI on the Future of Warfare -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 The Swedish AI Ecosystem -- 2.1.1 Civil Initiatives -- 2.1.2 Military Initiatives -- 2.1.3 AI Partners in Sweden and Abroad -- 2.1.4 NATO -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 4.1 The Armed Forces -- 4.2 Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP) -- 4.3 Vinnova and AI Sweden -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 6 Training for Defense AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Cautious Data-Driven Evolution: Defence AI in Finland -- 1 Thinking About Defence AI -- 1.1 Definitions of AI -- 1.2 Ethics and Regulation of AI -- 1.3 FDF Strategies and Programs -- 1.4 Data: Key Enabler, Key Challenge -- 1.5 Ideal Roles for Man &amp -- Machine -- 2 Developing Defence AI -- 2.1 AI in FDF Research -- 2.2 Potential Uses of AI -- 2.3 The Next Disruption: Robotics and Autonomous Systems -- 2.3.1 Project iMUGS.

2.3.2 Project Laykka -- 2.3.3 Manned-Unmanned Teaming -- 2.3.4 New Concepts: Dynamic Electromagnetic Spectrum Management and AIMA -- 3 Organising Defence AI -- 4 Funding Defence AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defence AI -- 6 Training for Defence AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Caught Between Today and Tomorrow: Defence AI in Estonia -- 1 Thinking About Defence AI -- 1.1 Estonia's Strategic Culture of Pragmatism -- 1.2 The Current Defence AI Strategy Void -- 1.3 Defence AI Ethics: Yes, but… -- 1.4 Industrial Push and Military Caution -- 2 Developing Defence AI -- 3 Organising Defence AI -- 3.1 A Broad Alliance for Defence AI… -- 3.2 …Meets Defence Forces Not Yet AI Ready -- 4 Funding Defence AI -- 5 Deploying and Operating Defence AI -- 6 Training for Defence AI -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Servers Before Tanks? Defence AI in Denmark -- 1 Thinking About Defence AI -- 1.1 Imagining AI in Denmark -- 1.2 Denmark as AI "Front-Runner" -- 1.3 A Shift in Strategic Culture -- 2 Developing Defence AI -- 2.1 Defence AI in Public-Private Partnerships -- 2.2 The Danish AI Ecosystem -- 2.2.1 Defence -- 2.2.2 Academia -- 2.2.3 Industry -- 2.3 Current R&amp -- D Projects on Defence AI -- 3 Organising Defence AI -- 3.1 Joint Approaches -- 3.2 Single Service Approaches -- 3.3 Building an AI-Driven, Data-Centric Organisation -- 4 Funding Defence AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defence AI -- 5.1 Administration and Logistics -- 5.2 C4ISR -- 5.3 Unmanned and Autonomous Systems -- 5.4 Cyber Security -- 6 Training for Defence AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Master and Servant: Defense AI in Germany -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 Structural Pacifism Shapes Defense Technological Imaginaries -- 1.2 Future Conflict Picture -- 1.3 Digitalization and Software-Defined Defense -- 1.4 Defense AI -- 1.4.1 Joint Thinking -- 1.4.2 Service Thinking.

1.5 Ethics and Defense AI -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 Development Priorities and Projects -- 2.2 Germany's Defense AI Ecosystem -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 3.1 Joint Approaches -- 3.2 Single Service Approaches -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 6 Training for Defense AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Leveraging Data Science for Defence in the Digital Age: Defence AI in the Netherlands -- 1 Thinking About Defence AI -- 1.1 Strategic Vision 2035 -- 1.2 Strategic Knowledge and Innovation Agenda 2021-2025 -- 1.3 Data Science and AI Strategy 2023-2027 -- 1.4 Ethics and Defence AI -- 2 Developing Defence AI -- 2.1 The Dutch AI Ecosystem -- 2.2 Defence AI Development -- 3 Organising Defence AI -- 4 Funding Defence AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defence AI -- 5.1 DataLab -- 5.2 The Robotics and Autonomous Systems Unit -- 5.3 Deep Vision -- 6 Training for Defence AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- A Winding Road Before Scaling-Up? Defense AI in France -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 A National Strategic Vision Including Defense -- 1.2 The Challenges of Defense AI -- 1.2.1 A Defense AI Strategy Geared Towards Interaction with the Civilian World -- 1.2.2 Adapting AI to Defense Constraints -- 1.2.3 A Clear and Legal Framework to Develop Defense AI -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 France's AI Innovation Base -- 2.2 Adaptation of France's Traditional Defense Players -- 2.3 Defense AI R&amp -- D Strategy -- 2.4 Priority Application Areas -- 2.5 ARTEMIS.IA: Ambition and Reality of Building a Defense AI Ecosystem -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 3.1 Defense AI Governance -- 3.2 Data Governance and Data Sharing: A Policy Yet to Be Confirmed -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 5.1 A Wide Range of Initiatives -- 5.2 Development Through Experimentation: A New Approach to Deploy AI Solutions.

5.3 Challenges by the Armed Forces' Experimental Labs -- 5.3.1 Experiments Conducted by Operational Units: The TAIIA Case -- 6 Training for Defense AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Waking Up Slowly: Defense AI in Spain -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 A Broader Outlook on the National Security Strategy -- 1.2 The Directives on National Defense and on Defense Policy -- 1.3 The Specific Focus of the 2020 Strategy on Technology and Innovation in Defense (ETID 2020) -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 Developing Defense AI at the National Level -- 2.2 Developing Defense AI at the EU Level -- 2.3 Developing Defense AI at the NATO Level -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 4.1 Funding Programs on Defense Solutions, Including AI -- 4.2 Funding Technological Solutions, Including AI, with No Focus on Defense But Potential Alignment or Dual Use -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 5.1 Positive and Negative Goals -- 5.2 Technology Readiness Levels -- 5.3 A Bet on Transparency in Operationalizing Defense Technologies -- 6 Training for Defense AI -- 6.1 Training the Systems -- 6.2 Training the People -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Exploring the Benefits of a New Force Enabler: Defense AI in Italy -- 1 Thinking About Defense AI -- 1.1 Defining AI -- 1.2 The Role of AI in Italy -- 1.3 Concerns and Opportunities -- 2 Developing Defense AI -- 2.1 Current Defense AI -- 2.2 Defining AI Structure and Organization -- 2.3 Main Defense AI Projects -- 2.3.1 Joint -- 2.3.2 Army -- 2.3.3 Air Force -- 2.3.4 Navy -- 3 Organizing Defense AI -- 4 Funding Defense AI -- 4.1 Joint Programs -- 4.2 Army -- 4.3 Air Force -- 4.4 Navy -- 5 Fielding and Operating Defense AI -- 5.1 Army -- 5.2 Air Force -- 5.3 Navy -- 6 Training for (and with) Defense AI -- 7 Conclusion -- References -- Harnessing the Potential: Defense AI in Greece.

1 Thinking About Defense AI.