Primary Adrenal Malignancies.
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Superior document: | Updates in Surgery Series |
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TeilnehmendeR: | |
Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2024. ©2025. |
Year of Publication: | 2024 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Series: | Updates in Surgery Series
|
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (177 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contents
- 1: Epidemiology, Presentation, Staging, and Prognostic Factors in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 1.1 Epidemiology
- 1.2 Clinical Presentation
- 1.3 Staging and Risk Assessment
- References
- 2: Epidemiology, Presentation, Staging, and Prognostic Factors in Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Presentation
- 2.3 Biochemical Diagnosis
- 2.4 Perioperative Management
- 2.5 Staging
- 2.6 Prognostic Factors
- 2.7 Postoperative Follow-Up
- References
- 3: Genetics and Molecular Biology of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Germline DNA Mutations and the Hereditary Component of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 3.3 Chromosomal Number Alteration (Aneuploidy)
- 3.4 Somatic DNA Mutations and Tumor Mutation Burden
- 3.5 Epigenetic (Post-Translational) Changes
- 3.6 An Integrative View of Molecular Biology of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 3.7 Spatial/Temporal Molecular Heterogeneity in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- References
- 4: Genetics and Molecular Biology of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 NF1 Gene
- 4.3 RET Gene
- 4.4 VHL Gene
- 4.5 SDHx Genes and SDHAF2 Gene
- 4.5.1 SDHD Gene (PGL1 Syndrome)
- 4.5.2 SDHAF2 Gene (PGL2 Syndrome)
- 4.5.3 SDHC Gene (PGL3 Syndrome)
- 4.5.4 SDHB Gene (PGL4 Syndrome)
- 4.5.5 SDHA Gene (PGL5 Syndrome)
- 4.6 TMEM127 Gene
- 4.7 MAX Gene
- 4.8 FH Gene
- 4.9 Other Genes
- 4.10 Molecular Biology
- References
- 5: Imaging in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Washout CT of Adrenal Lesions
- 5.3 MRI of Adrenal Lesions
- 5.4 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 5.5 Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 5.6 Nuclear Medicine and Pheochromocytoma
- 5.7 Comparison Between Nuclear Medicine Modalities
- 5.8 Conclusions
- References.
- 6: Management of Endocrine Syndromes Associated with Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 6.1 How Often Will I Find an Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Associated Endocrine Syndromes in My Practice?
- 6.2 What Is the Clinical Presentation of Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Associated Endocrine Syndromes?
- 6.3 How to Diagnose the Endocrine Syndrome Associated with Adrenocortical Carcinoma?
- 6.4 Does Hypercortisolism Affect Patient Outcome?
- 6.5 Which Treatment for Endocrine Syndromes?
- References
- 7: Management of Hereditary Syndromes Associated with Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Neurofibromatosis Type 1
- 7.3 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 2
- 7.4 Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome
- 7.5 SDHx-associated Hereditary PPGL
- 7.6 TMEM127- and MAX-associated PPGL
- 7.7 FH-associated PPGL
- References
- 8: Adrenal Incidentaloma
- 8.1 What Does "Adrenal Incidentaloma" Mean?
- 8.2 How Often Will I Find an Adrenal Incidentaloma in My Practice?
- 8.3 What Type of Adrenal Tumor Can Be Found Incidentally?
- 8.4 What Should I Do Next After Discovering an Adrenal Incidentaloma?
- 8.4.1 Risk of Malignancy
- 8.4.2 Hormonal Activity
- 8.5 Which Treatment?
- 8.6 Which Patients Deserve Particular Consideration?
- 8.6.1 Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
- 8.6.2 Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas
- 8.6.3 Younger People (<
- 40 Years)
- References
- 9: Surgery for Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Upfront Adrenalectomy: The Guidelines
- 9.2.1 The Literature
- 9.2.1.1 R.3.1
- 9.2.1.2 R.3.2 and R.3.4
- 9.2.1.3 R.3.7
- 9.2.2 Reasoning to Establish a Sound Surgical Strategy
- 9.3 Surgery for Recurrent Disease: The Guidelines
- 9.3.1 The Literature
- 9.3.2 Reasoning to Establish a Sound Surgical Strategy
- References
- 10: Adrenocortical Carcinoma with Vena Cava Involvement.
- 10.1 The Guidelines
- 10.2 The Multidisciplinary Team
- 10.3 The Cancer and the Patient
- 10.4 Technical Aspects
- 10.5 Results
- 10.6 Final Considerations
- References
- 11: Adrenocortical Carcinoma: The Posterior Minimally Invasive Approach
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Surgical Technique
- 11.3 Discussion
- 11.4 Conclusions
- References
- 12: Surgery for Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 12.1 The Guidelines
- 12.2 Indication for Surgery
- 12.3 Surgical Strategies and Techniques
- 12.4 Case Report
- References
- 13: Open or Laparoscopic Surgery in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma?
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Studies in Favor of Minimally Invasive Adrenalectomy
- 13.3 Studies in Favor of Open Adrenalectomy
- 13.4 Discussion and Guideline Recommendations
- References
- 14: Pathology of Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 14.2.1 Gross Pathology
- 14.2.2 Cytological and Histological Findings
- 14.2.3 Scoring Systems
- 14.2.4 Histological Subtypes
- 14.2.5 Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors
- 14.2.6 Grading
- 14.2.7 Staging
- 14.2.8 Immunohistochemical Profile
- 14.3 Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 14.3.1 Gross Pathology
- 14.3.2 Cytological and Histological Findings
- 14.3.3 Pathological Prediction of a Clinically Aggressive Course
- 14.3.4 Staging
- 14.3.5 Immunohistochemical Profile
- References
- 15: Medical Treatment in Advanced Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Standard Systemic Therapy: Mitotane
- 15.3 Combination Therapy: Chemotherapy plus Mitotane (EDP-M)
- 15.4 Beyond EDP-M
- References
- 16: Integrated Approach in Locally Advanced, Oligometastatic or Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery.
- 16.3 Adrenalectomy: Upfront or After Primary Chemotherapy in the Metastatic Setting?
- 16.4 Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intra-peritoneal Chemotherapy
- 16.4.1 Alternative Locoregional Treatments
- References
- 17: Medical Treatment of Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 17.1 Chemotherapy
- 17.2 Targeted Therapy
- 17.3 Immunotherapy
- References
- 18: Role of Radiotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma and Pheochromocytoma
- 18.1 Role of Radiotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 18.1.1 Radiobiology of Adrenocortical Carcinoma
- 18.1.2 Adjuvant Radiotherapy
- 18.1.2.1 Aim of Radiotherapy
- 18.1.2.2 Patient Selection
- 18.1.2.3 Efficacy and Timing
- 18.1.2.4 Acute and Late Toxicity
- 18.1.2.5 Radiotherapy Technique, Dose and Volumes
- 18.1.2.6 Concurrent Systemic Therapy to Radiotherapy
- 18.1.3 Definitive Radiotherapy for Unresectable Disease or Local Recurrence
- 18.1.4 Radiotherapy for Metastatic Disease and Palliation
- 18.2 Role of Radiotherapy in Pheochromocytoma
- 18.2.1 Radiobiology of Pheochromocytoma
- 18.2.2 Radiotherapy for Metastatic Disease and Palliation
- 18.2.3 Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Definitive Radiotherapy (Unresectable Disease)
- References
- 19: Radionuclide Treatment in Malignant Pheochromocytoma
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 131I-MIBG Therapy
- 19.2.1 HSA 131I-MIBG
- 19.2.2 LSA 131I-MIBG
- 19.2.3 Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- 19.3 Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
- 19.3.1 90Y- and 177Lu-Labeled DOTA Compounds
- 19.3.2 Contraindications and Adverse Effects
- 19.4 Comparison Between 131I-MIBG Therapy and Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy
- References
- 20: Preclinic and Translational Research in Adrenal Malignancies
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Preclinical and Translational Models
- 20.2.1 Cell Lines
- 20.2.2 3D Cell Models.
- 20.2.3 Cell Xenograft in Mouse
- 20.2.4 Genetically Engineered Mouse Models
- 20.3 Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Preclinical and Translational Models
- 20.3.1 Cell Lines
- 20.3.2 Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12)
- 20.3.3 Mouse Pheochromocytoma Cell Line and Mouse Tumor Tissue Cells
- 20.3.4 Immortalized Chromaffin Cells
- 20.3.5 Rat SDH-Deficient RS0 Cells
- 20.3.6 Progenitor Cells Derived from a Human Pheochromocytoma
- 20.3.7 Animal Models
- 20.4 Complex 3D Adrenal In Vitro Preclinical Models
- References.