Archaeology, Cultural Heritage and World War II : : Italy, Greece, France and Finland As Historical Contexts.

• Author: Crisà, Antonino.
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (323 pages)

At the intersection of archaeology, history, museum, military and social studies, the volume offers strongly multidisciplinary essays on European cultural heritage in the historical context of World War II, assessing twelve case studies on Finland, France, Greece and Italy.

Table of Contents

Front Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Figures and Tables -- Figures -- Tables -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction -- 1 Origin and Scope of the Volume -- 2 War and Cultural Heritage Studies through Past Scholarship and Novel Research Paths -- 1 Italy 1940-45: Allied Reports on Antiquities -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 War Damage and Protection of the Italian Cultural Heritage from Aerial Bombing -- 2 The Allies and the Protection of Cultural Heritage in War Zones -- 3 The Fate of Italian Antiquities: Allied Army Sources -- 3.1 Some Significant Examples in Central and Southern Italy Cited by Sir Leonard Woolley -- 3.2 Examples in Northern Italy through Allied Field Reports -- 4 Conclusion -- 2 'Quartered in the Midst of the Greatest Collection in All Italy': Lessons -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 In situ Protection and Evacuation -- 2.1 In situ Protection -- 2.2 Evacuation -- 2.3 Risk: Perceptions and Realities -- 2.4 Naples, Montecassino and Hermann Goering's Birthday Present -- 2.5 Conclusion: in situ Protection and Evacuation -- 3 The British Army's Requisition and Occupation of the Naples Museum (December 1943-June 1944) -- 3.1 Rationales for Military Use -- 3.2 Justifications for the Protection of Cultural Heritage -- 3.3 Risk Factors -- 3.4 The Naples Museum: Failure or Success of Military Cultural Property Protection? -- 4 Conclusions -- Appendix -- 3 War and the Antiquities at Risk in Sicily: a Case Study on the Artillery Position -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Archival Sources and the Scope of the Contribution -- 3 National Cultural Heritage Protection and World War II -- 4 Sicily as a Military Objective: Protecting Antiquities at Risk -- 5 The Cave of Polyphemus: the Site and the Artillery Position Built by the Italian Army (1943).

6 Final Remarks -- 7 Documentary Appendix -- 4 Memories of War: the Battle of Troina, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage in Sicily -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Personal Reflection -- 3 From Braunschweig to Troina -- 4 Troina's Many Layers of History -- 5 The Battle of Troina -- 6 The Reworking of the Dead of the First World War -- 7 Conclusion: Rising Out of the Ruins of War -- 5 Bridges at War and Conservation of Cultural Heritage: a Case Study from Italy -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bridges at War -- 3 The Bridge over the Ofanto River -- 4 The War in Apulia -- 5 The Bridge over the Ofanto River in War and Its Reconstruction -- 5.1 Ward-Perkins Archive -- 5.2 Albert Chance Archive -- 5.3 Pasquale Ieva Archive -- 5.4 Aerofototeca Nazionale -- 6 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 6 The Antiquities in Attica in Times of Conflict: the Impact of World War II -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Hiding Operation -- 3 The Assessment of War Damage -- 4 The Reopening of the Museums: the National Archaeological Museum -- 5 The Archaeological Site and the Museum of Eleusis -- 6 Minor Collections: Megara, Koropi and Keratea -- 7 The Acropolis -- 8 Looting of Archaeological Finds and Damage -- 9 Conclusion -- 7 Protecting Museum Antiquities during World War II: Photographs -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 The National Archaeological Museum in Athens and Its Photographic Archive -- 2 The Safe Storage and Protection of Museum Antiquities in Greece during wwii -- 3 New Photographic Evidence on the Museum's Protection -- 4 Post-War Restoration Projects -- 5 Conclusion -- 8 Kerameikos: a Significant Archaeological Site of Athens -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Securing of the Antiquities of the Museum of Kerameikos -- 3 The German Pressure for the Reconstitution and Reopening of the Museum.

4 Two Cases of Dispute -- 5 Kerameikos as a Conflict Zone -- 9 Never-Never Land under Attack: Axis War Damage to Cretan Antiquities -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wartime Damage to Cretan Antiquities and Thefts -- 3 German Excavations on Crete -- 4 Damage to Unknown Archaeological Sites -- 5 Prospect -- 10 Rock(s) around the Bunker: the Destruction -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Preparations for War: the Construction of the Maginot Line -- 3 Defending Fortress Europe: the "Bunkerization" of the Megaliths on the Atlantic Coast -- 4 Neolithic Cairns Dotted with Bunkers -- 5 Ridding the Land of Bothersome Monuments: Menhirs Knocked Down, Menhirs Blown Up -- 6 The Nazified Menhir of Fort du Talud -- 7 Destroyed Dolmens: Mané Rémor, Kermorvan, Kerhillio, Pen Men, Butten-er-Hah and Pors Poulhan -- 8 Overseeing the Discoveries Made during the War -- 9 The Serendipity of War: the Discovery of Celtic Statuary at Entremont in Aix-en-Provence -- 10 German Rescue Excavations in Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer -- 11 Clearing the Way: the Impact of Aerial Bombings and Land Battles on City Centers -- 12 Excavating World War II: the Archaeology of the War's Impact on the Subsoil in the Sites of Caen, Mont d'Hubert and ­ Fleury-sur-Orne -- 13 The Silver Lining: Post-War Excavations in Caen -- 14 Conclusion and Perspectives: Evaluating the Impact of World War II on French Archaeological Sites -- 11 From 'War Junk' to 'Isn't This a Treasure!': Processes of Heritagization of the Material Remains -- Abstract -- Keywords -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background: Lapland's Dark Heritage -- 3. Historical Background -- 4 Lapland War 1944-45 -- 5 Heritage Perspectives -- 6 'War Junk' Contaminating the 'Pristine' Wilderness -- 7 Importance of the Wartime Heritage as 'Local' History and Environment -- 8 Importance of Wartime Heritage for Tourism.

9 Processes of Heritagization at Play -- 10 Conclusion -- Conclusion -- Index -- Back Cover.