Intraocular Lens Calculations.
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Superior document: | Essentials in Ophthalmology Series |
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TeilnehmendeR: | |
Place / Publishing House: | Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2024. ©2024. |
Year of Publication: | 2024 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Series: | Essentials in Ophthalmology Series
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Physical Description: | 1 online resource (1000 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Part I: Introduction
- 1: The History of the IOL Power Club: 2005-2025
- 2004: The Origins of the IOL Power Club-How It All Started
- The Club and By-Laws
- 2005: First IPC Meeting-San Sebastian, Spain, September 6-8, Abba Londres y de Inglaterra Hotel
- First Meeting
- 2006: Second IPC Meeting-Carmel, CA, March 22-25, Pine Inn Hotel
- 2007: First Independent IPC EC Meeting-San Diego, CA April 28 Croce's Restaurant
- 2007: Third IPC Meeting-Århus, Denmark, September 4-6, Hotel Royal
- 2008: Fourth IPC Meeting-St. Pete Beach, FL, November 12-16, Tradewinds Island Grand Resort
- 2009: Second IPC Executive Committee Independant Meeting-St. Helena, CA, April 7-9
- 2009: Fifth IPC Meeting-Roses, Spain, September 8-11, Vistabella Hotel
- 2010: Sixth IPC Meeting-Venice, Italy, August 30 to September 2 Splendid Hotel
- 2011: Third EC Independent Meeting Santa Monica, CA March 29-April 2 Le Merigot Hotel
- 2011: Seventh IPC Meeting-Würzburg, Germany, September 22-25 Steinberg Schloss Hotel
- 2012: Eighth IPC Meeting-Memphis and Nashville, TN, April 25-29, The Hermitage Hotel, Nashville, The Peabody Hotel, Memphis
- 2013: Ninth IPC Meeting-Haarlem, the Netherlands, October 9-12, Amrâth Grand Hotel Frans Hals
- First IPC Member Business Meeting
- 2014: Tenth IPC Meeting-Fort Lauderdale, FL, October 8-11, Il Lugano Hotel and Pelican Grand Hotel
- 2015: 11th IPC Meeting-San Sebastian, Spain, September 9-12, Londres Hotel
- 2016: 12th IPC Meeting-New Orleans, LA, May 10-13 Royal Sonesta Hotel
- 2017: 13th IPC Meeting-Athens, Greece, September 8-16 Grand Britannia Hotel
- 2018: 14th IPC Meeting-St. Pete Beach, FL, October 22-25 Tradewinds Island Grand Resort
- 2018: ESCRS-IPC IOL Power Calculation Course, September 23, Vienna, Austria.
- 2019: IPC EC Fourth Independant Meeting-La Jolla, CA, May 6-7 La Valencia Hotel
- 2019: 15th IPC Meeting-Napa, CA, October 8-11, Archer Hotel
- 2021: 16th IPC Meeting-Carmel, CA, July 28-31 Pine Inn Hotel (Site of our Second Meeting in 2006)
- 2022: 17th IPC Meeting-Stresa, Italy, September 21-24 Princess Regina Hotel
- 2023: 18th IPC Meeting-Palm Springs, CA, November 8-11 Hotel Zoso Palm Springs
- 2024: 19th IPC Meeting-Rockland, ME, April 9-12 Rockland Harbor Hotel, Maine Lighthouse Museum and Farnsworth Museum
- 2025: 20th Anniversary IPC Meeting-Santa Barbara, CA, April 29-May 2
- 2: American History of IOL Power Calculation
- Introduction
- Personal Ultrasound History
- First American Ultrasound IOL Power Calculation
- Personal Formula History
- Earliest Calculators and Computers
- The First Dedicated IOL Power A-Scan: The Invention of the Applanation Method
- Early IOL Power Studies
- The EyeLab
- Ultrasound Velocities for Axial Length Measurement
- Getting the Word Out
- Conclusion
- References
- Part II: Basic Science
- 3: Gaussian Optics
- Fundamental Hypotheses
- Classical Study in Paraxial Optics
- Paraxial Trace Through a Spherical Surface
- Lagrange-Helmholtz Relation
- Centered System
- Principal Points and Focal Lengths
- Nodal Points
- Relation of Conjugation and Transverse Magnification
- Dioptric Power
- Magnification
- Combination of Two Systems
- Single Lens
- Entrance and Exit Pupils
- Matrix Method in Paraxial Optics
- Elementary Matrices
- (a) Vergence of a Spherical Surface
- (b) Refraction Matrix
- (c) Translation Matrix
- Centered Systems
- (a) Transfer Matrix of a Centered System
- (b) Vergence of a Centered System
- (c) Conjugate Matrix
- (d) Homographic Relation
- Cardinal Elements
- Limits of Paraxial Approximation for the Eye
- Schematic Eye
- References.
- 4: Exact Optics
- Introduction
- Optical Materials and Geometry
- The Index of Refraction
- Beyond Paraxial Optics
- Seidel Aberrations
- Wavefront Aberrations
- Wave Optics for Image-Forming Optical Systems
- The Quality of an Optical System
- Conclusions
- References
- 5: Pseudophakic Eye Models
- Introduction
- Schematic Eye Models
- Paraxial Models
- Reduced Paraxial Models
- Simplified Paraxial Models
- Exact Paraxial Models
- Finite Eye Models
- Comparison of Finite Model Eyes
- Computational Eye Models
- Pseudophakic Eye Models
- Personalized Pseudophakic Eye Models
- IOL Power Calculation
- Pseudophakic Finite Element Models
- Physical Eye Models
- Conclusions
- References
- 6: Data Analysis in IOL Power Calculations
- Designing the Sample to be Analyzed
- Selecting the Data to be Reported
- Analyzing the Data
- References
- 7: Demographics of Biometry
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Sex-Related Differences
- Racial Differences
- Age-Related Trends
- Corneal Astigmatism
- Correlation Among Biometry Variables
- Inter-Eye Variation
- Conclusion
- References
- Part III: Measurements
- 8: Clinical Refraction
- Basic Clinical Refraction
- Key Points in Subjective Refraction
- Refraction in the Presence of a Monofocal IOL
- Refraction in the Presence of Multifocal IOLs
- Refraction in the Presence of Extended-Depth-of-Focus (EdoF) IOL
- Summary
- References
- 9: Ultrasound Biometry
- Basic Principles of A-Scan Echography
- Measurement Technique
- Immersion Technique
- Contact Technique
- A-Scan Pattern of the Phakic Eye
- Identifying the Echospikes
- Setting the Appropriate Velocities
- Errors in Axial Length Measurement and the Final Refraction
- Axial Length Measurement of the Challenging Eye
- The Aphakic Eye
- The Pseudophakic Eye
- The Eye with Silicone-Filled Vitreous.
- Avoiding Errors in Axial Length Measurement
- Avoiding Shorter Axial Length Measurement
- Avoiding Longer Axial Length Measurement
- Detecting Significant Intraocular Pathology
- References
- 10: Optical Biometry
- History of Optical Biometry
- Ultrasound Biometry
- Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI)
- Ultrasound Biometry vs. PCI
- Concept of PCI
- Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR)
- Advancements of PCI
- Introduction of OCT-Based Biometry
- Time-Domain OCT
- Spectral-Domain OCT
- Swept-Source SD-OCT
- OCT and Dense Cataracts
- Optical Biometry: Cornea
- Intraoperative OCT
- References
- 11: Axial Length Measurement
- Introduction
- Basic Science
- Axial Length Measurements
- Ultrasound (US) Biometry
- Optical Biometry (Interferometry)
- Refractive Indices (RIs)
- Scaling Formulas
- Definitions of Commonly Used Terms.
- Coherence
- Group RI
- History
- Lenstar
- Sum-of-Segments AL
- Segments
- Summary of Segments
- Areas for Potential Improvement
- Chapter Summary
- References
- 12: Technology of SS-OCT Biometer: Argos Biometer
- Background
- Challenges
- Large Coherence Length
- Swept-Source Biometer
- Early Work and Breakthrough
- Argos SS-OCT Biometer
- Basic Performance
- High Success Rate
- ERV Mode
- True Axial Length
- Future of SS-OCT with Tunable VCSEL
- References
- 13: Influence of Anterior Chamber Depth, Lens Thickness, and Corneal Diameter on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
- Introduction
- Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas
- Performance of Different Formulas
- Refractive Prediction Errors after Cataract Surgery
- Preoperative Evaluation
- Anterior Chamber Depth
- Lens Thickness
- Corneal Diameter
- Agreement Between Measurement Techniques
- Population Means
- Influence of Anterior Chamber Depth on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation.
- Influence of Lens Thickness on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
- Influence of Corneal Diameter on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
- The Case of Toric Intraocular Lenses
- Future Perspectives
- References
- 14: Keratometry
- Keratometry
- Instrumentation
- The Calculation of Power from Curvature
- Asphericity and Ray Tracing
- Clinical Studies Using Scheimpflug Data
- Notes on the Stiles-Crawford Effect
- References
- 15: Corneal Topography and Tomography
- Introduction
- Technologies
- Reflection Topography
- Elevation Topography
- Measurements
- Axial and Tangential Radii
- Metrics
- Curvature Metrics
- Elevation Metrics
- Refractive Power Metrics
- Precision and Agreement
- Software
- Surgical Planning Information (Fig. 15.6)
- IOL Calculation
- Toric IOL Calculations
- Post-surgical Analysis
- IOL Selection
- Corneal Optical Quality
- Corneal Anatomical Quality
- IOL Power Calculation
- Important Concepts
- Parameters for IOL Calculations
- Sim K
- Equivalent K Reading (EKR)
- Total Corneal Power
- Radii of Curvature
- Central Corneal Elevation Data
- Corneal Asphericity and Spherical Aberration
- Axis of Reference
- Toric IOL Calculation
- Regular and Irregular Astigmatism
- Measured and Estimated Total Astigmatism
- References
- 16: The A-Scan Biometer
- Basic Technology
- Physical Principles of A-Scan Ultrasound
- Major Components of a Biometer
- The Probe and Its Transducer
- The Sensitivity Setting
- The Velocity Setting
- The Electronic Gates
- Data Analysis and IOL Calculation
- Choosing the Appropriate Ultrasound Biometer
- Commonly Used Ultrasound Biometers
- References
- 17: ZEISS IOLMaster 700
- Introduction
- SWEPT Source Biometry®
- OCT Technology
- Unique Fixation Check
- Distance Independent Telecentric 3-Zone Keratometry
- Additional Measurements.
- Angle Alpha- and Kappa-Chords.