Intraocular Lens Calculations.

• Superior document: Essentials in Ophthalmology Series
• Author: Aramberri, Jaime.
• TeilnehmendeR: Hoffer, Kenneth J.; Olsen, Thomas.; Savini, Giacomo.; Shammas, H. John.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer International Publishing AG,, 2024.; ©2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Essentials in Ophthalmology Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (1000 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Contents
• Part I: Introduction
• 1: The History of the IOL Power Club: 2005-2025
• 2004: The Origins of the IOL Power Club-How It All Started
• The Club and By-Laws
• 2005: First IPC Meeting-San Sebastian, Spain, September 6-8, Abba Londres y de Inglaterra Hotel
• First Meeting
• 2006: Second IPC Meeting-Carmel, CA, March 22-25, Pine Inn Hotel
• 2007: First Independent IPC EC Meeting-San Diego, CA April 28 Croce's Restaurant
• 2007: Third IPC Meeting-Århus, Denmark, September 4-6, Hotel Royal
• 2008: Fourth IPC Meeting-St. Pete Beach, FL, November 12-16, Tradewinds Island Grand Resort
• 2009: Second IPC Executive Committee Independant Meeting-St. Helena, CA, April 7-9
• 2009: Fifth IPC Meeting-Roses, Spain, September 8-11, Vistabella Hotel
• 2010: Sixth IPC Meeting-Venice, Italy, August 30 to September 2 Splendid Hotel
• 2011: Third EC Independent Meeting Santa Monica, CA March 29-April 2 Le Merigot Hotel
• 2011: Seventh IPC Meeting-Würzburg, Germany, September 22-25 Steinberg Schloss Hotel
• 2012: Eighth IPC Meeting-Memphis and Nashville, TN, April 25-29, The Hermitage Hotel, Nashville, The Peabody Hotel, Memphis
• 2013: Ninth IPC Meeting-Haarlem, the Netherlands, October 9-12, Amrâth Grand Hotel Frans Hals
• First IPC Member Business Meeting
• 2014: Tenth IPC Meeting-Fort Lauderdale, FL, October 8-11, Il Lugano Hotel and Pelican Grand Hotel
• 2015: 11th IPC Meeting-San Sebastian, Spain, September 9-12, Londres Hotel
• 2016: 12th IPC Meeting-New Orleans, LA, May 10-13 Royal Sonesta Hotel
• 2017: 13th IPC Meeting-Athens, Greece, September 8-16 Grand Britannia Hotel
• 2018: 14th IPC Meeting-St. Pete Beach, FL, October 22-25 Tradewinds Island Grand Resort
• 2018: ESCRS-IPC IOL Power Calculation Course, September 23, Vienna, Austria.
• 2019: IPC EC Fourth Independant Meeting-La Jolla, CA, May 6-7 La Valencia Hotel
• 2019: 15th IPC Meeting-Napa, CA, October 8-11, Archer Hotel
• 2021: 16th IPC Meeting-Carmel, CA, July 28-31 Pine Inn Hotel (Site of our Second Meeting in 2006)
• 2022: 17th IPC Meeting-Stresa, Italy, September 21-24 Princess Regina Hotel
• 2023: 18th IPC Meeting-Palm Springs, CA, November 8-11 Hotel Zoso Palm Springs
• 2024: 19th IPC Meeting-Rockland, ME, April 9-12 Rockland Harbor Hotel, Maine Lighthouse Museum and Farnsworth Museum
• 2025: 20th Anniversary IPC Meeting-Santa Barbara, CA, April 29-May 2
• 2: American History of IOL Power Calculation
• Introduction
• Personal Ultrasound History
• First American Ultrasound IOL Power Calculation
• Personal Formula History
• Earliest Calculators and Computers
• The First Dedicated IOL Power A-Scan: The Invention of the Applanation Method
• Early IOL Power Studies
• The EyeLab
• Ultrasound Velocities for Axial Length Measurement
• Getting the Word Out
• Conclusion
• References
• Part II: Basic Science
• 3: Gaussian Optics
• Fundamental Hypotheses
• Classical Study in Paraxial Optics
• Paraxial Trace Through a Spherical Surface
• Lagrange-Helmholtz Relation
• Centered System
• Principal Points and Focal Lengths
• Nodal Points
• Relation of Conjugation and Transverse Magnification
• Dioptric Power
• Magnification
• Combination of Two Systems
• Single Lens
• Entrance and Exit Pupils
• Matrix Method in Paraxial Optics
• Elementary Matrices
• (a) Vergence of a Spherical Surface
• (b) Refraction Matrix
• (c) Translation Matrix
• Centered Systems
• (a) Transfer Matrix of a Centered System
• (b) Vergence of a Centered System
• (c) Conjugate Matrix
• (d) Homographic Relation
• Cardinal Elements
• Limits of Paraxial Approximation for the Eye
• Schematic Eye
• References.
• 4: Exact Optics
• Introduction
• Optical Materials and Geometry
• The Index of Refraction
• Beyond Paraxial Optics
• Seidel Aberrations
• Wavefront Aberrations
• Wave Optics for Image-Forming Optical Systems
• The Quality of an Optical System
• Conclusions
• References
• 5: Pseudophakic Eye Models
• Introduction
• Schematic Eye Models
• Paraxial Models
• Reduced Paraxial Models
• Simplified Paraxial Models
• Exact Paraxial Models
• Finite Eye Models
• Comparison of Finite Model Eyes
• Computational Eye Models
• Pseudophakic Eye Models
• Personalized Pseudophakic Eye Models
• IOL Power Calculation
• Pseudophakic Finite Element Models
• Physical Eye Models
• Conclusions
• References
• 6: Data Analysis in IOL Power Calculations
• Designing the Sample to be Analyzed
• Selecting the Data to be Reported
• Analyzing the Data
• References
• 7: Demographics of Biometry
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Sex-Related Differences
• Racial Differences
• Age-Related Trends
• Corneal Astigmatism
• Correlation Among Biometry Variables
• Inter-Eye Variation
• Conclusion
• References
• Part III: Measurements
• 8: Clinical Refraction
• Basic Clinical Refraction
• Key Points in Subjective Refraction
• Refraction in the Presence of a Monofocal IOL
• Refraction in the Presence of Multifocal IOLs
• Refraction in the Presence of Extended-Depth-of-Focus (EdoF) IOL
• Summary
• References
• 9: Ultrasound Biometry
• Basic Principles of A-Scan Echography
• Measurement Technique
• Immersion Technique
• Contact Technique
• A-Scan Pattern of the Phakic Eye
• Identifying the Echospikes
• Setting the Appropriate Velocities
• Errors in Axial Length Measurement and the Final Refraction
• Axial Length Measurement of the Challenging Eye
• The Aphakic Eye
• The Pseudophakic Eye
• The Eye with Silicone-Filled Vitreous.
• Avoiding Errors in Axial Length Measurement
• Avoiding Shorter Axial Length Measurement
• Avoiding Longer Axial Length Measurement
• Detecting Significant Intraocular Pathology
• References
• 10: Optical Biometry
• History of Optical Biometry
• Ultrasound Biometry
• Partial Coherence Interferometry (PCI)
• Ultrasound Biometry vs. PCI
• Concept of PCI
• Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry (OLCR)
• Advancements of PCI
• Introduction of OCT-Based Biometry
• Time-Domain OCT
• Spectral-Domain OCT
• Swept-Source SD-OCT
• OCT and Dense Cataracts
• Optical Biometry: Cornea
• Intraoperative OCT
• References
• 11: Axial Length Measurement
• Introduction
• Basic Science
• Axial Length Measurements
• Ultrasound (US) Biometry
• Optical Biometry (Interferometry)
• Refractive Indices (RIs)
• Scaling Formulas
• Definitions of Commonly Used Terms.
• Coherence
• Group RI
• History
• Lenstar
• Sum-of-Segments AL
• Segments
• Summary of Segments
• Areas for Potential Improvement
• Chapter Summary
• References
• 12: Technology of SS-OCT Biometer: Argos Biometer
• Background
• Challenges
• Large Coherence Length
• Swept-Source Biometer
• Early Work and Breakthrough
• Argos SS-OCT Biometer
• Basic Performance
• High Success Rate
• ERV Mode
• True Axial Length
• Future of SS-OCT with Tunable VCSEL
• References
• 13: Influence of Anterior Chamber Depth, Lens Thickness, and Corneal Diameter on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
• Introduction
• Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas
• Performance of Different Formulas
• Refractive Prediction Errors after Cataract Surgery
• Preoperative Evaluation
• Anterior Chamber Depth
• Lens Thickness
• Corneal Diameter
• Agreement Between Measurement Techniques
• Population Means
• Influence of Anterior Chamber Depth on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation.
• Influence of Lens Thickness on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
• Influence of Corneal Diameter on Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
• The Case of Toric Intraocular Lenses
• Future Perspectives
• References
• 14: Keratometry
• Keratometry
• Instrumentation
• The Calculation of Power from Curvature
• Asphericity and Ray Tracing
• Clinical Studies Using Scheimpflug Data
• Notes on the Stiles-Crawford Effect
• References
• 15: Corneal Topography and Tomography
• Introduction
• Technologies
• Reflection Topography
• Elevation Topography
• Measurements
• Axial and Tangential Radii
• Metrics
• Curvature Metrics
• Elevation Metrics
• Refractive Power Metrics
• Precision and Agreement
• Software
• Surgical Planning Information (Fig. 15.6)
• IOL Calculation
• Toric IOL Calculations
• Post-surgical Analysis
• IOL Selection
• Corneal Optical Quality
• Corneal Anatomical Quality
• IOL Power Calculation
• Important Concepts
• Parameters for IOL Calculations
• Sim K
• Equivalent K Reading (EKR)
• Total Corneal Power
• Radii of Curvature
• Central Corneal Elevation Data
• Corneal Asphericity and Spherical Aberration
• Axis of Reference
• Toric IOL Calculation
• Regular and Irregular Astigmatism
• Measured and Estimated Total Astigmatism
• References
• 16: The A-Scan Biometer
• Basic Technology
• Physical Principles of A-Scan Ultrasound
• Major Components of a Biometer
• The Probe and Its Transducer
• The Sensitivity Setting
• The Velocity Setting
• The Electronic Gates
• Data Analysis and IOL Calculation
• Choosing the Appropriate Ultrasound Biometer
• Commonly Used Ultrasound Biometers
• References
• 17: ZEISS IOLMaster 700
• Introduction
• SWEPT Source Biometry®
• OCT Technology
• Unique Fixation Check
• Distance Independent Telecentric 3-Zone Keratometry
• Additional Measurements.
• Angle Alpha- and Kappa-Chords.