The European Union's Foreign and Security Policy : : A Legal Institutional Perspective.

• Superior document: Legal Aspects of International Organizations Series ; v.33
• Author: Wessel, Ramses A.
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 1999.; ©1999.
• Year of Publication: 1999
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Legal Aspects of International Organizations Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (400 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Table of Contents -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 THE ORIGINS OF CFSP -- 1.1.1 The European Defence Community and the European Political Community -- 1.1.2 From European Political Cooperation to a Common Foreign and Security Policy -- 1.2 A CFSP LEGAL ORDER? -- 1.3 THE RESEARCH QUESTION -- 2 The Concept of Legal Order -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 DEFINING THE LEGAL ORDER -- 2.2.1 Legal Positivism and the Systemic Features of a Legal Order -- 2.2.2 Degrees of Legality? -- 2.3 TYPES OF LEGAL NORMS AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY -- 2.3.1 Institutional Legal Positivism -- 2.3.2 Types of Legal Norms -- 2.3.3 The Effect of Effectiveness -- 2.3.4 Binding Quality and its Consequences -- 2.4 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDERS -- 2.4.1 Treaty-Based Legal Orders -- 2.4.1.1 Treaties as a Source of Legal Norms -- 2.4.1.2 Additional Declarations and Interpretative Statements -- 2.4.2 Hierarchical Relations between Legal Orders -- 2.4.3 The Legal Personality of an International Entity -- 2.5 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 3 The Purposes and Scope of CFSP -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 THE PREAMBLE AND COMMON PROVISIONS -- 3.2.1 Vertical Delimitation: CFSP and the Member States -- 3.2.2 Horizontal Delimitation: The Union's Issue Areas -- 3.3 THE SPECIFIC CFSP OBJECTIVES -- 3.3.1 Safeguarding the Common Values, Fundamental Interests, Independence and Integrity of the Union -- 3.3.2 Strengthening the Security of the Union in All Ways -- 3.3.3 Preserving Peace and Strengthening International Security -- 3.3.4 Promoting International Cooperation -- 3.3.5 Developing and Consolidating Democracy and the Rule of Law, and Respect for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms -- 3.4 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 4 Legal Bases for CFSP Decision-Making -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 COMPETENCES AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE INSTITUTIONS.

4.2.1 The Union's Single Institutional Framework -- 4.2.2 The European Council -- 4.2.3 The Council and its Subsidiary Organs -- 4.2.3.1 The Council -- 4.2.3.2 COREPER and Political Committee -- 4.2.3.3 Working Groups -- 4.2.3.4 The General Secretariat -- 4.2.3.5 The Presidency -- 4.2.4 Competences of the Commission and the European Parliament -- 4.2.4.1 The Commission -- 4.2.4.2 The European Parliament -- 4.2.5 Competences of the Institutions Regarding the Financing of CFSP -- 4.3 THE GENERAL LEGAL BASIS FOR DECISION-MAKING -- 4.3.1 Systematic Cooperation -- 4.3.1.1 The Information ad Consultation Obligation -- 4.3.1.2 The Loyalty Obligation -- 4.3.1.3 Subsidiarity -- 4.3.2 Results of the Systematic Cooperation in the Basis of Article 13, Paragraph 3 [ex J.8, 2] -- 4.3.2.1 Concerted and Convergent Action -- 4.3.2.2 Declarations -- 4.3.2.3 Political Dialogue -- 4.4 SPECIFIC LEGAL BASES FOR CFSP DECISIONS -- 4.4.1 Article 14 [ex J.3] -- 4.4.1.1 Definition of a Joint Action -- 4.4.1.2 Competences and Obligations in Adopting Joint Actions -- 4.4.2 Article 15 [ex J.2] -- 4.4.2.1 Definition of a Common Position -- 4.4.2.2 Competences and Obligations in Adopting Common Positions -- 4.4.3 The Choice between Article 14 and Article 15 -- 4.4.3.1 Criteria by which to Choose the Appropriate Legal Basis -- 4.4.3.2 The Choice in Practice -- 4.4.4 Article 17 [ex J.4] -- 4.4.4.1 Competences of the Western European Union (WEU) -- 4.4.4.2 Special Arrangements with Respect to Some Member States -- 4.4.5 Article 13, paragraph 2 and Article 18 -- 4.4.6 Voting Procedures -- 4.5 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 5 The Legal Nature of CFSP Decisions -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 JOINT ACTIONS -- 5.2.1 The Treaty Text -- 5.2.1.1 The Key Provision of Article 14, paragraph 3 [ex J.3] -- 5.2.1.2 The Council as the Central Organ -- 5.2.1.3 Non-Observation of Joint Actions.

5.2.2 Adopted Joint Actions -- 5.2.2.1 Support Activities in Third Countries -- 5.2.2.2 International EU Policies -- 5.2.2.3 Harmonisation of National Policies -- 5.3 COMMON POSITIONS -- 5.3.1 The Treaty Text -- 5.3.1.1 The Key Provision of Article 15 [ex J.2] -- 5.3.1.2 Additional Arguments in Defining the Legal Nature of Common Positions -- 5.3.2 Adopted Common Positions -- 5.3.2.1 Decisions on Sanctions -- 5.3.2.2 The Policy of the Union vis-à-vis Third States -- 5.3.2.3 The Policy of the Union regarding Specific Issues -- 5.4 DECISIONS WITH OTHER LEGAL BASES -- 5.4.1 Decisions Based on Article 13 and Article 18 -- 5.4.2 Declarations -- 5.4.2.1 The Nature of Declarations in the CFSP Legal Order -- 5.4.2.2 The Concept of Declaration in International Institutional Law -- 5.4.3 Decisions Based on Article 17 -- 5.4.4 Framework Decisions -- 5.5 CFSP DECISIONS AS INTERNATIONAL UNILATERAL ACTS -- 5.5.1 Legal Nature of Unilateral Acts -- 5.5.2 CFSP Decisions and Estoppel -- 5.6 HIERARCHY AND CONFLICT BETWEEN NORMS -- 5.7 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 6 Supervision of CFSP Procedures and Decisions -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 THE SUPERVISORY COMPETENCES OF THE INSTITUTIONS -- 6.2.1 The Council -- 6.2.2 The Commission -- 6.2.3 The European Parliament -- 6.2.3.1 The Competences of the European Parliament in Historical Perspective -- 6.2.3.2 Current Competences of the European Parliament -- 6.2.3.3 The Budgetary Powers of the European Parliament -- 6.2.4 The European Court of Justice -- 6.3 SUPERVISION BY NON-UNION INSTITUTIONS -- 6.3.1 The National Parliaments -- 6.3.2 The National Courts -- 6.3.3 The International Court of Justice -- 6.4 TRANSPARENCY OF DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO INFORMATION -- 6.5 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 7 The Legal Status of the European Union -- 7.1 INTRODUCTION -- 7.2 THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A LEGAL PERSON.

7.2.1 Personality, Capacity, and Competence -- 7.2.2 An Identification of the Entity -- 7.2.3 A Distinction between the Entity and its Members -- 7.2.3.1 A Theoretical Approach to the Distinction -- 7.2.3.2 Explicit and Implied Legal Capacities of the Union -- 7.3 LEGAL PRACTICE OF THE UNION -- 7.3.1 The Union's Relation vis-à-vis its Member States -- 7.3.2 International Agreements and Decisions -- 7.3.3 The Diplomatic Relations of the Union -- 7.3.3.1 The Evolution of a Common European Diplomacy -- 7.3.3.2 Cooperation in International Fora -- 7.3.3.3 Towards an EU External Service? -- 7.3.4 The Union and International Security Organisations -- 7.3.4.1 The Western European Union -- 7.3.4.2 The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation -- 7.3.4.3 The United Nations -- 7.4 DELIMITATION AND CONSISTENCY -- 7.4.1 The Concept of Consistency in the Treaty -- 7.4.2 Delimitation and Consistency in Practice -- 7.4.3 Example: The Adoption of Sanctions -- 7.4.4 Example: Safeguard Clauses in the EC Treaty -- 7.4.4.1 Essential Security Interests -- 7.4.4.2 Internal Disturbance or International Tension -- 7.4.4.3 Unilateral Financial Measures -- 7.5 CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS -- 8 Conclusion -- 8.1 THE CFSP LEGAL ORDER -- 8.2 THE UNION LEGAL ORDER -- 8.3 TOWARDS A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL LAW -- ANNEX: LIST OF CFSP DECISIONS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX OF SUBJECTS -- INDEX OF CASE LAW -- LEGAL ASPECTS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION.