Barrow old hall and twiss green : : investigations of two sub-manorial estate centres within the townships of Bold and Culcheth in the hundred of Warrington 1982-87 / / Dan Garner, Jennifer Lewis and David Freke ; with contributions by Martin Cleaver [and five others] ; edited by Jill Collens.

• VerfasserIn: Garner, D. J.; Lewis, Jennifer, 1942-; Freke, David,
• TeilnehmendeR: Lewis, Jennifer, 1942-; Freke, David,; Cleaver, Martin,; Collens, Jill,
• Place / Publishing House: [Oxford] : : [Archaeopress Publishing Ltd],, [2018]; ©2018
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (120 pages) :; illustrations (some color), maps (some color)

Excavations were carried out at the moated sites of Barrow Old Hall and Twiss Green, in Warrington, North West England, in the 1980s. Sub-manorial estates were established at these two sites by the fourteenth century, located near the boundaries of their multi-moated townships. The multimoated township, a feature of parts of North West England, may have been the result of medieval assarting and the expansion of agriculture on to fringe or marginal areas on the boundaries of earlier manors. It also owed much to the unusual tenurial arrangements of the region, whereby lords granted small estates out of their holdings, often to family members, to construct moated homesteads. This report presents the results of the excavations at these two small moated sites, including evidence for possible aisled halls at both sites, as well as a significant assemblage of medieval and early post-medieval pottery. There is also a full account of the finding of the remains of a timber bridge at Twiss Green and its full reconstruction; an illustration of which was previously published in the Shire Archaeology series book on Moated Sites in 1985. The publication of these excavations contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role and development of moated sites in this part of North West England and completes the outstanding analysis of moated sites excavated in the Warrington area.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction to the investigations at Barrow Old Hall and Twiss Green -- Dan Garner and Jill Collens -- Chapter 2 -- Excavations at Barrow Old Hall, Great Sankey, Warrington -- Jennifer Lewis and Dan Garner -- Introduction -- Present condition -- Historical evidence -- The excavations -- Trench A (Figures 18-20) -- Trench B (Figure 20) -- Area C - The bridge (Figure 22) -- The finds -- Pottery -- Midland Purple-type wares -- Catalogue: (Figures 24, 25 and 27) -- German stonewares -- Catalogue: (Figures 25 and 27) -- Cistercian-type wares -- Catalogue: (Figure 26) -- Ceramic building material -- Clay tobacco pipe -- Trench A -- Trench B -- Metalwork -- Discussion -- Archaeological work at Barrow Old Hall since 1987 -- Chapter 3 -- Barrow Old Hall - the documentary evidence -- Martin Cleaver -- Historical background -- The documentary evidence -- Chapter 4 -- Excavations at Tanner's Farm moated site, Twiss Green, Culcheth, Warrington -- David Freke and Dan Garner -- Historical evidence -- Introduction -- Present condition -- The excavations -- Pre-moat features (Figures 36 and 37) -- The moat (Figures 38, 39 and 40) -- The bridge (Figures 38, 42 to 47) -- The leet (Figure 41) -- The dwelling (Figures 38, 48 to 50) -- Clay floor (306) (Figure 38) -- The well (Figures 36, 38, 51 and 52) -- Other post-habitation features -- Rabbit warren (286), (307) (Figure 38) -- The finds -- Pottery -- Roman pottery (Figure 53) -- Medieval pottery (Figures 54 to 58) -- Medieval pottery illustrated catalogue -- Roman pottery illustrated catalogue -- Post-medieval pottery (Figures 59 to 79) -- Post-medieval pottery illustrated catalogue -- Ceramic building material -- Clay tobacco pipe -- The coins -- Copper alloy (Figure 83) -- Iron work (Figure 84) -- Glass (Figure 82).

Metalwork -- Worked flint -- Worked stone (Figure 85) -- Bird bone -- Leather (Figure 86) -- Animal bone -- Discussion -- Chapter 5 -- Tanner's Farm moated site, Twiss Green - the documentary evidence -- Alan Moulsdale -- Chapter 6 -- Barrow Old Hall and Twiss Green in context -- Dan Garner and Jill Collens -- Bibliography -- FIGURE 1 LOCATION PLAN OF BARROW OLD HALL AND TWISS GREEN, WARRINGTON -- FIGURE 2 THE HUNDRED OF WARRINGTON C.1086 -- FIGURE 3 MOATED SITES IN BOLD TOWNSHIP. -- FIGURE 4 LOCATION MAP OF BARROW OLD HALL. -- FIGURE 5 BARROW OLD HALL CONTOUR PLAN 1981. -- FIGURE 6 VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OF BARROW OLD HALL, 1992-1993 NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING CENTRE SURVEY. GEONEX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION LTD. CHESHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD. © CHESHIRE WEST AND CHESTER COUNCIL. -- FIGURE 7 SOUTH ARM OF MOAT, BARROW OLD HALL, LOOKING EAST, 2018 -- FIGURE 8 DETAIL FROM THE TITHE MAP OF BOLD TOWNSHIP 1840, SHOWING BARROW OLD HALL. -- FIGURE 10 BARROW OLD HALL VIEWED FROM THE SOUTHEAST, BY THOMAS DAVIES, 1856. COURTESY OF WARRINGTON MUSEUM &amp -- ART GALLERY (CULTURE WARRINGTON). -- FIGURE 9 DETAIL FROM ORDNANCE SURVEY SIX-INCH MAP 1849 LANCASHIRE CVIII. -- FIGURE 11 BARROW OLD HALL VIEWED FROM THE SOUTHEAST, UNDATED. COURTESY OF WARRINGTON MUSEUM &amp -- ART GALLERY (CULTURE WARRINGTON). -- FIGURE 12 BARROW OLD HALL VIEWED FROM THE NORTHWEST, TONGE POSTCARD, C. 1906. COURTESY OF WARRINGTON MUSEUM &amp -- ART GALLERY (CULTURE WARRINGTON). -- FIGURE 13 BARROW OLD HALL VIEWED FROM THE SOUTHWEST, BY OSWALD GARSIDE, EARLY 20TH CENTURY. COURTESY OF WARRINGTON MUSEUM &amp -- ART GALLERY (CULTURE WARRINGTON). -- FIGURE 14 DETAIL FROM ORDNANCE SURVEY TWENTY FIVE-INCH MAP 1893 LANCASHIRE CVIII.15. -- FIGURE 15 DETAIL FROM ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP TWENTY FIVE-INCH MAP 1907 LANCASHIRE CVIII.15.

FIGURE 16 DETAIL FROM ORDNANCE SURVEY MAP TWENTY FIVE-INCH MAP 1928 LANCASHIRE CVIII.15. -- FIGURE 17 SUGGESTED PHASING OF BARROW OLD HALL (AFTER MATRIX ARCHAEOLOGY 2008). -- FIGURE 18 BARROW OLD HALL EXCAVATED AREAS. -- FIGURE 19 PLAN OF TRENCH A (EARLIEST PHASE). -- FIGURE 20 PLAN OF TRENCH A (LATER PHASE). -- FIGURE 21 TRENCH A SOUTH FACING SECTION AND TRENCH B WEST FACING SECTION. -- FIGURE 22 THE BRIDGE AT BARROW OLD HALL DURING A WATCHING BRIEF CARRIED OUT IN 1995. © EARTHWORKS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES. -- FIGURE 23 MODERN POTTERY RECOVERED FROM TRENCHES A, B AND C BY SHERD COUNT AND WEIGHT (IN GRAMS). -- FIGURE 24 BARROW OLD HALL, MIDLAND PURPLE-TYPE WARES. -- FIGURE 25 BARROW OLD HALL, MIDLAND PURPLE-TYPE WARES (8-12) AND GERMAN STONEWARES (13-14). -- FIGURE 26 BARROW OLD HALL, CISTERCIAN-TYPE WARES. -- FIGURE 27 CATALOGUE NO. 6: MIDLAND PURPLE-TYPE WARE JAR/CISTERN WITH STAMPED ANTHROPOMORPHIC DESIGN -- AND CATALOGUE NO. 14: BASE SHERD OF SIEGBURG STONEWARE DRINKING JUG. -- FIGURE 28 LEAD SPINDLE WHORL FROM TRENCH A. -- FIGURE 29 THE MOAT AT BARROW OLD HALL, FOLLOWING CLEARANCE OF MODERN DEBRIS IN 1995. © EARTHWORKS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES. -- FIGURE 30 BARROW OLD HALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS (AFTER MATRIX ARCHAEOLOGY 2008). -- FIGURE 31 LOCATION MAP OF TANNER'S FARM, TWISS GREEN -- FIGURE 32 VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OF TWISS GREEN PRIOR TO EXCAVATION. 1971-1973 HUNTINGS SURVEY. HUNTING SURVEYS LTD. CHESHIRE HISTORIC ENVIRONMENT RECORD. © CHESHIRE WEST AND CHESTER COUNCIL. -- FIGURE 33 CULCHETH ESTATE BOUNDARIES. -- FIGURE 34 TWISS GREEN CONTOUR PLAN. -- FIGURE 35 TWISS GREEN EXCAVATED AREAS -- FIGURE 36 PLAN OF PRE-MOAT FEATURES -- FIGURE 37 SECTION ACROSS MEDIEVAL DITCH (184). -- FIGURE 38 PLAN OF THE POST-MEDIEVAL FEATURES. -- FIGURE 39 SAMPLE SECTION ACROSS THE MOAT. -- FIGURE 40 SAMPLE SECTION ACROSS THE MOAT.

FIGURE 41 SECTION ACROSS THE LEET (160). -- FIGURE 42 VIEW OF SURVIVING BRIDGE TIMBERS. -- FIGURE 43 DETAIL OF SURVIVING BRIDGE TIMBERS. -- FIGURE 44 ISOMETRIC PLAN OF THE TIMBER BRIDGE. -- FIGURE 45 RECONSTRUCTION DRAWING OF THE BRIDGE. -- FIGURE 46 CARPENTRY METHODS USED ON THE BRIDGE. -- FIGURE 47 DETAIL OF MOAT SECTION SHOWING SURVIVING BRIDGE PLANKS IN UPPER SILTS. -- FIGURE 48 VIEW OF BRICK HEARTH (9) LOOKING EAST. -- FIGURE 49 VIEW OF BRICK HEARTH (9) AND AREA OF BURNING (39) LOOKING EAST. -- FIGURE 50 SECTION THROUGH POST-MEDIEVAL PIT (171). -- FIGURE 51 VIEW OF TOP OF WELL (134) LOOKING SOUTHWEST. -- FIGURE 52 VIEW OF WELL (134) LOOKING WEST. -- FIGURE 53 TWISS GREEN ROMAN POTTERY -- FIGURE 54 TWISS GREEN MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (24), (78), (98), (117), (129), (147), (155) AND (159). -- FIGURE 55 TWISS GREEN MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (173) AND (185). -- FIGURE 56 TWISS GREEN MEDIEVAL JUG/CISTERN FROM MEDIEVAL DITCH FILL (185). -- FIGURE 57 TWISS GREEN MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (185), (193), (196), (222), (252) AND (273). -- FIGURE 58 TWISS GREEN MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (291), (292), (307), (315) AND (320). -- FIGURE 59 POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY BY WARE AND SHERD COUNT. -- FIGURE 60 POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY BY WARE AND WEIGHT (GRAMS). -- FIGURE 61 THE STONEWARE 'BELLAMINE' FROM CONTEXT (7). -- FIGURE 62 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (3), (6) AND (8). -- FIGURE 63 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (11), (12), (13) AND (19). -- FIGURE 64 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (19) AND (20). -- FIGURE 65 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (21), (23), (26), (30), (43) AND (45). -- FIGURE 66 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (63), (94) AND (95). -- FIGURE 67 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (95) AND (96).

FIGURE 68 TWISS GREEN 17TH CENTURY TIN-GLAZED EARTHENWARE DRUG JAR FROM CONTEXT (96). -- FIGURE 69 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (102) AND (110). -- FIGURE 70 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (110). -- FIGURE 71 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (112) AND (117). -- FIGURE 72 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXT (125). -- FIGURE 73 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXT (126). -- FIGURE 74 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXT (126). -- FIGURE 75 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (126), (146) AND (147). -- FIGURE 76 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (149), (151), (155) AND (157). -- FIGURE 77 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (159), (173), (175), (176) AND (195). -- FIGURE 78 TWISS GREEN POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY FROM CONTEXTS (204), (211), (252), (299) AND (311). -- FIGURE 79 POST-MEDIEVAL POTTERY GROUPS. -- FIGURE 80 THE CLAY TOBACCO PIPE (drawn by D. A. Higgins). -- FIGURE 81 CLAY TOBACCO PIPES BY CONTEXT. -- FIGURE 82 ROMAN MELON BEAD -- FIGURE 83 SEAL TOP RING WITH PIPE TAMPER AND NUTCRACKER. -- FIGURE 85 THE QUERN STONE. -- FIGURE 86 THE LEATHER SHOE. -- FIGURE 87 BIRD BONE IDENTIFICATION. -- FIGURE 88 BIRD BONE MEASUREMENTS (in millimetres). (For key to abbreviations see Appendix 1). -- FIGURE 89 DOMESTIC CHICKEN TARSOMETATARSAL MEASUREMENTS (in millimetres). -- FIGURE 90 ANIMAL BONE IDENTIFICATION. -- FIGURE 91 HARCOURT'S INDICES OF SHAPE FOR THE FOUR DOG SKULLS FOUND IN THE MOAT FILL. -- FIGURE 92 COMPARATIVE MEDIEVAL AISLED HALL BUILDING PLANS FROM EXCAVATIONS AT TWISS GREEN, BARROW OLD HALL, OLD ABBEY FARM AND BEWSEY OLD HALL. -- FIGURE 93 COMPARATIVE MEDIEVAL BUILDING PLANS FROM EXCAVATIONS AT TWISS GREEN AND BEWSEY OLD HALL.