Set in stone? : : war memorialisation as a long-term and continuing process in the UK, France and the USA / / Emma Login.

• Superior document: Archaeopress archaeology
• VerfasserIn: Login, Emma,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, [2015]; ©2015
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress archaeology.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (xii, 181 pages) :; illustrations.

This book provides a holistic and longitudinal study of war memorialisation in the UK, France and the USA from 1860 to 2014.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Copyright Information -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1.1 The Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism during World War II -- 1.1.1 A modern memorial -- design and purpose -- 1.1.2 Broader themes -- 1.2 A new approach: three parallel timescales -- 1.2.1. O-P Chronological timescale -- 1.2.2. CT Time passed from conflict -- 1.2.3. MT Time passed from construction of memorial -- 1.3 Chapters -- Figure 1.1 Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism during World War II (2000), Washington, D.C. USA. -- Figure 1.2 Entrance to the memorial and crane sculpture by Nina Akamu. The Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism during World War II (2000), Washington, D.C. USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 1.3 Raised reflecting pool with five large rocks, the temple bell is visible on the top left of the memorial, and the quote 'Here we admit a wrong. Here we affirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under the law' is inscribed on the wall. -- Figure 1.4 Three parallel timescales relating to the understanding of a war memorial at any given point in time: O-P: 1860 - 2014 chronological timescale/ memorial tradition, CT: Time passed from conflict, MT: Time passed from memorial construction -- Figure 1.5 Chronological periods addressed within each chapter: Chapter 4: 1860-1914, Chapter 5: 1914-1939, Chapter 6: 1939-2014 -- Background and Literature -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The beginnings of war memorial studies -- 2.3 Culture of memory and memory studies -- 2.4 Wider audiences for the memory of conflict -- 2.5 The First World War and its war memorials -- 2.6 Second World War memorialisation -- 2.7 American memorial scholarship -- 2.8 French memorial scholarship -- 2.9 Trauma and lack of memorialisation -- 2.10 An inclusive approach -- 2.11 A biographic approach to the object.

2.12 The relationship between a memorial and its surroundings -- 2.13 War memorials: tourism, heritage and conservation -- 2.14 Conclusion -- Methodology -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Terminology and definitions -- 3.3 Choice of study areas -- 3.4 Choice of conflict -- 3.5 Research Methods -- 3.5.1 Field Research -- 3.5.2 Documentary research -- 3.5.3 Interviews -- 3.6 Approach and analysis of data -- 3.6.1 War memorial as category of object -- 3.6.2 War memorial tradition -- 3.6.3 Political and psychological functions -- 3.6.4 Continued significance -- 3.6.5 A biographic approach -- 3.6.6 Engagement -- 3.6.7 Three parallel timescales -- O-P Chronological timescale -- CT Time passed from conflict -- MT Time passed from construction of memorial -- 3.7 Conclusion -- Figure 3.1 Franco-Prussian War Memorial to the Prussian Infantry Regiment n.78 with surrounding graves visible behind the monument (circa 1871) near Flavigny, France . (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 3.2 Questions addressed during field research -- Figure 3.3 National Memorial Arboretum, (2001) Alrewas, Staffordshire, UK. (Photograph by the author, 2012) -- Figure 3.4 Historic postcard of First World War Memorial (1924), Sedan, France (Postcard collection of the author). -- Figure 3.5 German Franco-Prussian War Memorial with German symbolism defaced (circa 1871), near Vionville, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012) -- Figure 3.6 Interviews with individuals associated with memorials -- Early War Memorialisation Processes: O-P =1870-1914 -- 4.2 Initial post-war processes of memorialisation (CT &lt -- 25 years) -- 4.2.1 Introduction -- 4.2.2 Difficult memories and monuments to defeat -- 4.2.3 Relationship between memorials and the bodies of the dead -- 4.2.4 Transitional monuments -- 4.2.5 Names and Naming -- 4.2.6 Reflexivity of memorial process.

4.2.7 Memorialisation of non-combatants -- 4.2.8 Conclusion -- 4.3 Second phase processes of memorialisation (CT &gt -- 25 years) -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Appropriation of the bravery of the common soldier -- 4.3.3 Memorial Associations -- 4.3.4 The site of conflict: battlefield tourism and battlefield memorials -- 4.3.5 French and German memorials on the eastern border -- 4.3.6 Reflexivity of memorials: memorialisation of earlier conflicts -- 4.3.7 Reflexivity of memorialisation in the lead up to the First World War -- 4.3.8 Reconciliatory memorials in the lead up to the First World War -- 4.4 Conclusion -- Figure 4.1 Three parallel timescales relating to the understanding of a war memorial at any given point in time: O-P: 1860 - 2014 Chronological timescale CT: Time passed from conflict MT: Time passed from memorial construction -- Figure 4.2 Soldiers' National Memorial, National Cemetery (cemetery 1963, monument 1869), Gettysburg, P.A., USA (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.3 Detail of individual grave markers at Soldiers' National Memorial, National Cemetery (1864), Gettysburg, P.A., USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012) -- Figure 4.4 French and German Franco-Prussian War Memorials located opposite each other Cimetière du Faubourg (circa 1873), Mouzon France. (Photograph by the author, 2012) -- Figure 4.5 Joint French and German Franco Prussian War Memorials, (circa 1873) Villemontry France. (Photograph by the author, 2012) (The memorials have clearly been moved at some point during their history, but given the relationship between other similar -- Figure 4.6 French and German Franco-Prussian War memorials located opposite each other Cimetière Communal (1873), Mouzon France. (Photograph by the author, 2012).

Figure 4.7 (Left) French and (Right) German memorials located opposite each other in Mouzon Cemetery (1873), Mouzon, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- (begun 1878 and completed 1890) Bazeilles, France. (Photograph by the author, 2011). -- Figure 4.8 Memorial and ossuary, Cimetière St Charles (original circa 1878, reconstructed circa 1912), Sedan, France. (Photograph by the author, 2011). -- Figure 4.9 Ossuary, inside which are the visible remains of French victims of the conflict, -- Figure 4.10 The church of Bazeilles, following the Battle of Bazeilles, 1st September 1870. -- Figure 4.11 German memorials within the ossuary, Bazeilles, France (Photograph courtesy of John Carman). -- Figure 4.12 Monument marking the grave of Benjamin Eugene Commander and all French soldiers killed in the municipality of Gorze, (circa 1871) Gorze France (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.13 Memorial to the 5th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, (1888) Gettysburg, P.A. USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.14 Franco-Prussian War memorials in the Cimetiére de Madeline, (Left) Soldiers Memorial , (Right) Memorial to Captain Jean-François Vogel (circa 1872) Amiens, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.15 Detail of the Franco-Prussian War memorial demonstrating the numbered marker system, 1870 memorial, Cimetiére de Madeline, Amiens, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.16 Royal Warwickshire Regiment Memorial Fountain in its original location in Chamberlain Square (circa 1930) Birmingham, UK. -- Figure 4.17 Royal Warwickshire Regiment Sudan Campaign memorial fountain, Birmingham Central Library, Birmingham, UK. (Photograph by the author, 2010).

Figure 4.18 Original memorial to Lieutenant Joseph Felix Vever, rededicated to the Franco-Prussian War, (original circa 1855, rededication circa 1871) Cimetiére Saint-Simon, Metz , (Postcard collection of the author). -- Figure 4.19 Details of Franco-Prussian War Memorial, showing the original dedication to Lieutenant Vever who died during the Crimean War, Cimetiére de l'Est, Metz, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.20 Details of Franco-Prussian War Memorial, showing the subsequent dedication to those from Metz who died during the Franco-Prussian War Cimetiére de l'Est, Metz, France. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.21 T.L. Dunkin Memorial (circa 1986), Manassas, V.A. USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012) -- Figure 4.22 Engraving of Bartow Memorial, (1861) Manassas National Battlefield Park, V.A. USA. (Image courtesy of Mahr, repost, Manassas National Battlefield Park. (Copy taken by the author with permission from the Manassas National Battlefield Park).) -- Figure 4.23 Remains of the Bartow Memorial, Manassas National Battlefield Park, V.A. USA -- Figure 4.24 Franco-Prussian War memorial (1875) Bazeilles, France. (Photograph by the author, 2011). -- Figure 4.25 Detail of civilian casualty list, Franco-Prussian War memorial (1875), Bazeilles, France -- Figure 4.26 Monument aux victims de l'explosion accidentelle de la Cartoucherie (1871), Dunkerque Cemetery (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.27 The Arsenal Memorial, Congressional Cemetery, (circa 1864), Washington D.C., United States -- Figure 4.28 Civil War Memorial (1909), Downtown Charlottesville, VA, USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012). -- Figure 4.29 Confederate Civil War Memorial, Confederate Cemetery (1893), Charlottesville, V.A. USA. (Photograph by the author, 2012).

Figure 4.30 Detail of the engraving on Confederate Civil War Memorial, Charlottesville, V.A. USA.