Geophysical phenomena and the Alexandrian littoral / / N. Evelpidou [and four others].

• Superior document: Archaeopress archaeology
• VerfasserIn: Evelpidou, Niki,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd,, [2019]; ©2019
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress archaeology.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (x, 131 pages) :; illustrations, maps.

This book presents the geomorphology and recent geoarchaeological history of Alexandria which has been repeatedly struck by natural disasters. The Coastal area offers archaeological evidence (burial sites, quarry activities and ancient building remnants), as well as geomorphological features, all revealing a complex evolution of the coastal zone.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents Page -- List of figures and tables -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Location and physical geography -- 1.2 Geological characteristics -- 1.3 Geomorphology -- 2. Subsidence regime -- 2.1 Bathymetry -- 2.2 Submerged ancient structures -- 3. Evidence of offshore subsidence in Alexandria -- 4. Paleogeography -- 5. Historical maps -- Veduta d'Alessandria Codice Urbinate 277 [1472] -- View of Alexandria from the Portolano of Piri Reis [1513] -- Vray portraict de la Ville d'Alexandrie en Egypte [1547] -- Plan M.P.nl-XLIX-43 of Alexandria from the Archivos General de Simancas [1605] -- Alexandria, Vetustissimum Aegypti Emporium [1619] -- View of Alexandria by Vassili Barkij [1730] -- Description de la ville d'Alexandrie, telle qu'elle étoit du terms de Strabon, par M. Bonamy [1731] -- Carte et Plan du Port Neuf d'Alexandrie by Capt. Frederick Lewis Norden [1738] and Carte particulière de la Vielle et de la nouvelle Alexandrie et de ses Ports [1738] -- Carte générale des côtes, rades, ports, ville et environs d'Alexandrie dressée par M. Gratien le Père [1798] -- Plan of the city harbors and environs of Alexandria, by Captain Smyth (1825) -- Plan d'Alexandrie par Mahmoud Bey el Falaki [1866] -- 6. Historical references -- 7. The decline of Alexandria and physical disaster -- Figure 1a: Site map of coastal Alexandria. -- Figure 1b: Sites with valuable geomorphological and archaeological features in the Alexandrian coastal zone. -- Figure 2: Long-term average Holocene rates of subsidence along the Nile Delta based on stratigraphic analyses of radiocarbon-dated core data (after Stanley and Warne 1998). Sites: A: East Harbor, B: East Canopus, C: Herakleion, D: NW Burullus lagoon, E: S -- Figure 3: The major fault zones of the wider Alexandria area (Zaghloul et al. 2001).

Figure 4: Bathymetric maps of the East Harbor of Alexandria, based on historical maps dating from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century AD. -- Figure 5: Comparison of bathymetric profiles between Le Diamant-El Hassan, in 1833 and 1920, lead to the suggestion of subsidence in the sea floor of &gt -- 1.5 m -- Figure 6: Cumulative diagram of earthquakes and tsunamis occurring in Alexandria over the past 2000 years (Goiran 2001 -- Chalari 2007). -- Figure 7: The map of the Codex Urbinate 277 (1472), depicting the present 12 reefs as protruding features. -- Figure 8: Le Diamant, depicted above sea level (Panchoucke 1821-9). -- Figure 9: Age calibration provided an age of 1735-1806 AD (95.4% probability) for the timber sample dated by the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit. -- Figure 10: Age calibration provided an age of 1719-1780 AD (95.4% probability) for the same sample dated using the Klaus-Tschira-Labor für Physikalische Altersbestimmung, Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archaeometrie gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany, in cooperation with t -- Figure 11: A piece of timber from a wrecked ship found at El Hassan reef at a depth of 10 m. -- Figure 12: Sketch of the ship, impact location, and a detailed design of the ship's bottom. -- Figure 13: Veduta d'Alessandria, Codice Urbinate 277, 1472 (Jondet, Pl. I). -- Figure 14: Jean-Louis Bacque-Grammont, Michel Turchscherer, Piri Reis - Evliya Celebi, Deux regards ottomans sur Alexandrie, Centre d'Etudes Alexandrines, Alexandria 2013. -- Figure 16: Harry E. Tzalas, The two ports of Alexandria, Plans and maps from the 14th century to the time of Mohamed Ali, Underwater archaeology and coastal management, Focus on Alexandria: 21-22. UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2000. -- Figure 17: Alexandria, Vetustissimum Aegypti Emporium, 1619.

Figure 18: The wanderings of Vassili Grigorovich-Barskii to the Holy Places of the East from 1723 to 1747. Published by the Orthodox Palestine Society after a genuine manuscript prepared by Nikolai Barsukov, St Petersburg 1886-1887 -- see also Τόπος και Εικ -- Figure 19: M. de Bonamy, Mémoire, Description de la ville d'Alexandrie, telle qu'elle étoit du tems de Strabon, Paris, 31.8.1731. -- Figure 22: Frederick Lewis Norden, Travels in Egypt and Nubia, London 1757 -- Jondet, Pl. XII. -- Konstantin, Ancient Alexandria, Description of the town during the visit of Archimandrite Konstantin, published in Moscow (1803) 'at the expense of the well-know -- Figure 20: Carte et Plan du Port Neuf d'Alexandrie by Capt. Frederick Lewis Norden [1738] and Carte particuliere de la Vielle et de la nouvelle Alexandrie et de ses Ports [1738]. -- Figure 21: Konstantin of Kiev, Θέα του λιμένος της Αλεξανδρείας, 1795. -- Figure 22: Frederick Lewis Norden, Travels in Egypt and Nubia, London 1757 -- Jondet, Pl. XII. -- Konstantin, Ancient Alexandria, Description of the town during the visit of Archimandrite Konstantin, published in Moscow (1803) 'at the expense of the well-know -- Figure 23: Jondet, Pl. XVII. There are two other maps of Alexandria and its wider area created by the Bonaparte Expedition: Carte des Cheneaux d'Accès au Port d'Alexandrie, 1798, Jondet Pl. XIX and Carte d'Alexandrie et de ses environs d'Agamy à Aboukir, -- Figure 24: Plan of the city harbors and environs of Alexandria, by Captain Smyth (1825). [ -- Figure 25: Mahmoud Bey, Mémoire sur l'Antique Alexandrie ses faubourgs et environs, Copenhague, 1872. -- Figure 26: Alexandrie ancienne par Neroutsos Bey (1888) -- Figure 27: Map of the East Harbor of Alexandria showing archaeological sites (based on Goddio et al. 1998).

Figure 28: Plots of the wave height in relation to time that would be observed a) in the area of Pharos, and b) off the coast of Alexandria. -- Back Cover.