The urban landscape of Bakchias : : a town of the Fayyūm from the Ptolemaic-Roman period to late antiquity / / Paola Buzi and Enrico Giorgi.
This book summarises the results of field research--including historical, historico-religious and papyrological studies--conducted on the archaeological site of Bakchias, located in the north-eastern part of the Fayyūm region. The book provides a clear and comprehensive overview of the rise and fall...
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Superior document: | Archaeopress Roman archaeology ; 66 |
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VerfasserIn: | |
TeilnehmendeR: | |
Place / Publishing House: | Oxford : : Archaeopress,, [2020] ©2020 |
Year of Publication: | 2020 |
Edition: | 1st ed. |
Language: | English |
Series: | Archaeopress Roman archaeology ;
66. |
Physical Description: | 1 online resource (v, 109 pages) :; illustrations, maps. |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright page
- Introduction Bakchias and its geographical context
- List of Figures
- Paola Buzi
- Reshaping Bakchias
- Bakchias: Its rediscovery, its cults
- Chapter I
- The rediscovery of an ancient Ptolemaic-Roman village… which turned out to have had a much longer life than previously supposed
- After Grenfell, Hunt and Hogarth
- The multiple names of Bakchias
- The changes in the environment in the twentieth century and the lost necropoleis of Bakchias
- A subject still to be still explored: the administrative relation between Bakchias and some neighboring komai
- The cults of Bakchias in the Ptolemaic-Roman period…and before
- Enrico Giorgi
- The Urban Landscape of Bakchias
- Chapter II
- The genesis and urban development of Bakchias
- The pre-Ptolemaic village
- Figure 1. The Fayyum with some of the main villages (Rossetti 2018 from Google Map).
- Figure 2. Plan of Bakchias with base Google Map (Rossetti 2018).
- Figure 3. Bakchias plan with the locations of the excavation seasons (Rossetti 2018).
- The Ptolemaic Town
- Figure 4. Bakchias plan with some of the edifices testified by papyri (Rossetti 2018).
- Figure 5. The Fayyūm with the expansion of the lake during the Middle Kingdom of Egypt, when the first reclamation of the region took place (Morini 2007b).
- Figure 6. The Fayyūm in the Ptolemaic Period, when the second reclamation of the region took place (Morini 2007b).
- Figure 7. Bakchias plan during the early Ptolemaic period (Rossetti 2017).
- Figure 8. Views of the North Kom with the main sacred area in the middle.
- Figure 10. Bakchias plan during the Late Ptolemaic period (Rossetti 2017).
- Figure 9. Bakchias plan during the Ptolemaic period (Rossetti 2017).
- Figure 11. Bakchias plan during the Roman period (Rossetti 2017).
- The Roman Age Town.
- The abandonment of the North Kom and the development of the South Kom
- Figure 12. Views of the South Kom.
- Figure 13. A disused mill in the archaeological area.
- The Modern Era
- Figure 14. Stellite image taken in 1968, within the framework of American Corona project (Buzi et al. 2011).
- Chapter III
- Figure 1. General plan of the two temple areas.
- The central sacred area
- The sacred areas of the town
- Figure 2. Plan of the area of the kiln.
- Figure 3. View of the kiln.
- Temple B
- The oldest phases
- Figure 4. The area with of the Amphora near the kiln.
- Figure 5. The Amphora imported from Tyre, that can be dated to the seventh-sixth centuries BC.
- Temple A
- Figure 6. View of the Temple A, on the right, and of Temple B in the background.
- Figure 7. View of the area of the Temple B from south.
- Figure 10. View of the Temple A from east.
- Figure 9. Temple B: floor plan.
- Figure 11. Temple A: floor plan.
- Figure 12. Temple A: a view of kiosk BSE 314, seen from the east, with the temple complex in the background.
- Figure 13. View of the entrance to the Temple A, raised with stones in Roman times, with what remains of the propylon (BSE 385).
- Figure 15. The headless statue of a kneeling male figure with the inscription erased.
- Figure 16. The base for a sphinx or lion that still bears part of the paws and a Demotic inscription.
- Temple C
- Figure 17. Temple C: floor plan with the Temple A on the left.
- Figure 18. Temple C: the sancta sanctum in sandstone blocks, where traces of structures are still visible.
- Figure 19. Temple C: the pylon seen from the north-west.
- Temple D
- The eastern sacred area
- Figure 20. Temple D: floor plan.
- Figure 21. Temple D: the area outside the temple seen from the south-west. Clerical accommodation in the foreground (BSE 330) with storage rooms behind (BSE 404 - BSE 405).
- Temple E
- Figure 22. Temple E: floor plan.
- Chapter IV
- The Northern District
- The house of the priestess of Isis and the surrounding city block
- The northern gate and adjacent buildings
- Figure 1. General plan of the northern district.
- Figure 2. The ceiling made of wooden beams and rush matting.
- Figure 3. The flask decorated with erotic depictions.
- Figure 4. A view of the southern end of the block where the house of the priestess of Isis is located.
- Figure 5. A view of the southern end of the block with rooms A and B (BNO 360).
- Figure 6. The wooden fence built after the houses were abandoned.
- Figure 7. The wooden fences.
- Figure 8. A view of room C.
- Figure 9. A view of room D.
- Figure 10. A view of the inner corner of the room D.
- Figure 11. The ritual store of ceramics and animal bones.
- The rubbish dump
- Figure 12. Egyptian amphora with inscription containing a date (the fifth year of the reign of a Ptolemaic sovereign) followed by other letters that have recently been interpreted as two names, perhaps a certain Etearcus and definitely an Alexander.
- The houses furthest east
- Chapter V
- Figure 1. A section of the general plan including the baths and kiln.
- The Roman baths
- The buildings along the canal and the South Kom
- Figure 2. A section of the general plan including the baths and granary.
- Figure 3. The plan of the baths.
- Figure 4. The plan of the baths during the reigns of Augustus and Hadrian.
- Figure 5. A view of room C, with one of the most well-preserved floors.
- Figure 6. A view of room H, with remains of the floors.
- Figure 7. A view of room G, with remains of the mosaic.
- Figure 8. The tank fout of its original position.
- Figure 9. A possible reconstruction of the baths during Hadrian's reign.
- Figure 10. A view of hypocaust L.
- Figure 11. A view of hypocaust E.
- The craftsmen's district
- Figure 12. The tank D, on the left, with the channel on the right.
- Figure 13. A plan of the craftsmen's district with kiln G.
- Figure 14. A view of tanks B and A in the craftsmen's district.
- Figure 15. The kiln during excavation work.
- The granary and storerooms
- Figure 16. A view of the public granary.
- The South Kom
- Paola Buzi
- The Last Bakchias
- Bakchias in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages
- Chapter VI
- Christian Bakchias: archaeological and documentary evidence before the 2006 excavation campaign
- The churches of Bakchias
- The discovery of the Eastern Church
- Figure 1. Planimetric representation the Estern church.
- Figure 2. The Estern church seen from east.
- Figure 3. The floor composed of a first level of stretcher bond mud-brick acted as a bed for a second level that was the actual floor, made of small limestone slabs.
- Figure 4. The silo located south-west of the church, made out of yellowish-white limestone slabs cut in irregular shapes, barely held together by a small amount of lime mortar.
- The Western Church
- Towards the discovery of a second church
- Figure 5. Planimetric representation of the Western church.
- Figure 6. Hypothetical reconstruction of the Western Church.
- Figure 7. One of the mud-brick pedestals that belonged to the late phase of the building's use and were found in both room D (the apse) and room B (the pastophorium).
- Figure 8. The large, complex building located below the Western Church, whose floors and interior walls had been coated in hydraulic lime and that was used as a workshop that handled liquids.
- Chronological and stylistic considerations
- Figure 10. An example of a Corinthian-inspired capital with a large kalathos at the top, wrapped in four stylised acanthus leaves.
- Figure 9. Two examples of a Corinthian-inspired capital with closed, smooth leaves (Bakchias' first type).
- Figure 11. A capital - which is very similar to those that can be ascribed to the first type found in Bakchias - used as the base of a column in the church of Dayr al Hammām, near Hawārah.
- Concluding reflections regarding the Christian phase of Bakchias
- Figure 12. Stone materials that were probably taken from Temple C and used to make the foundations of the columns in the Western Church.
- Bibliographical references
- Plates
- Plate 1. Plan of Bakchias.
- Plate 2. Plan of the Central Area of Bakchias.
- Plate 3. Plan of the Northern Area of Bakchias.
- Plate 4. Plan of the Eastern Area of Bakchias.
- Plate 5. Plan of the Western Area of Bakchias.
- Plate 6. Plan of the Southern Area of Bakchias.
- Back cover.