Religious Practice and Cultural Construction of Animal Worship in Egypt from the Early Dynastic to the New Kingdom : : Ritual Forms, Material Display, Historical Development.

• Superior document: Archaeopress Egyptology ; v.36
• Author: Colonna, Angelo.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress Egyptology
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (243 pages)

This study presents an articulated historical interpretation of Egyptian 'animal worship' from the Early Dynastic to the New Kingdom, and offers a new understanding of its chronological development through a fresh review of pertinent archaeological and textual data.

Table of Contents

• Cover
• Contents page
• Preface and Acknowledgements
• Dedication
• Abbreviations
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Introducing Animal Worship
• 1.1 Animal worship and ancient Egyptian religion: articulation of the problem
• 1.2 Thesis, goals, and limitations of the present study
• 1.3 History of research and status quaestionis
• 1.3.1 The memory-horizon: the role of literary tradition
• 1.3.2 The research-horizon: problems and perspectives
• 1.3.3 Animal worship: the 'Standard Model'
• Figure 1.1. Diagram illustrating the conceptual background of the Egyptological 'Standard Model' of Egyptian 'animal worship'.
• Table 1.1. 'Animal worship' and Egyptian religion according to the 'Standard Model'.
• Figure 1.2. Historical development of 'animal worship' according to the 'Standard Model'. Slightly modified from Colonna 2017: Figure 1.
• 1.4 Theory and methodology
• 1.4.1 The problem of a definition and the definition of a problem
• 1.4.2 The practical dimension: religious practice and ritual
• 1.4.3 The historical dimension: display and decorum
• 1.4.4 'Animal worship': designing an Alternative Model
• Figure 1.3. Diagram illustrating the conceptual background of the 'Alternative Model'.
• Figure 1.1. Diagram illustrating the conceptual background of the Egyptological 'Standard Model' of Egyptian 'animal worship'.
• Figure 1.2. Historical development of 'animal worship' according to the 'Standard Model'. Slightly modified from Colonna 2017: Figure 1.
• Figure 1.3. Diagram illustrating the conceptual background of the 'Alternative Model'.
• Part I Presenting the Evidence
• Part I Presenting the Evidence
• Figure 2.1. Sealing from Tomb 414, Tarkhan (Cairo JE 43798). After Petrie 1913: pl. II.4.
• The Early Dynastic
• 2.1 Royal evidence.
• Figure 2.1. Sealing from Tomb 414, Tarkhan (Cairo JE 43798). After Petrie 1913: pl. II.4.
• Figure 2.2. Inscription on the Michailides Bowl. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Simpson 1957: fig. 2).
• Figure 2.3. Wooden label of king Aha from Umm el-Qa'ab B18/19 (Philadelphia Penn Museum E9396). After Petrie 1901: pl. X.2.
• Figure 2.4. Sealing from Tomb 3035, Saqqara. After Emery 1938: fig. 26.
• Figure 2.5. Painted limestone ostracon from Tomb 3035, Saqqara (Cairo JE 70149). Photo by A. Colonna.
• Figure 2.6. Ivory label of king Den from Umm el-Qa'ab T. After Petrie 1901: pl. VII.8.
• Figure 2.7. Wooden label of king Qaa from Umm el-Qa'ab Q (Ab K 1440). Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli.
• 2.2 Titles and personal names
• Table 2.1. Early Dynastic Tiernamen
• 2.3 The Classical tradition
• 2.4 Summary
• Figure 2.2. Inscription on the Michailides Bowl. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Simpson 1957: fig. 2).
• Figure 2.3. Wooden label of king Aha from Umm el-Qa'ab B18/19 (Philadelphia Penn Museum E9396). After Petrie 1901: pl. X.2.
• Figure 2.4. Sealing from Tomb 3035, Saqqara. After Emery 1938: fig. 26.
• Figure 2.5. Painted limestone ostracon from Tomb 3035, Saqqara (Cairo JE 70149). Photo by A. Colonna.
• Figure 2.6. Ivory label of king Den from Umm el-Qa'ab T. After Petrie 1901: pl. VII.8.
• Figure 2.7. Wooden label of king Qaa from Umm el-Qa'ab Q (Ab K 1440). Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli.
• The Old Kingdom
• 3.1 Royal and temple evidence
• Figure 3.1a. Relief from the Valley Temple of the Snefru's bent pyramid, Dashur. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Fakhry 1961, fig. 96).
• Figure 3.1b. Relief from the Valley Temple of the Snefru's bent pyramid, Dashur. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Schott 1972, 32).
• Figure 3.2a. Block from the pyramid temple of Sahura, Abusir. After Borchardt 1913, 47.
• Figure 3.2b. Fragments from the mortuary temple of Unas, Saqqara. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Ćwiek 2003: fig. 76).
• Figure 3.3. Fragments from the solar temple of Niuserra, Abu Ghurob: a: visit to the chapel of the Apis bull (fr. no. 251)
• b: procession (fr. no. 252)
• c: inscription fragment (fr. no. 255). After von Bissing-Kees 1928, pl. 15.
• Figure 3.4. Hypothetical sequence of episodes according to Kees' restoration of fragments 251, 255, 255.
• Figure 3.5. 'Scene of the pelicans' (Berlin, ÄM 20037) from the so-called 'Room of the Seasons', sun-temple of Niuserra, Abu Ghurob. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli.
• 3.2 Private inscriptions: titles and biographies
• Table 3.1. Old Kingdom officials and titles related to individual animals.
• Table 3.2. Old Kingdom officials and titles related to multiple animals.
• 3.2.1 Early Old Kingdom (3rd-4th dynasties)
• 3.2.2 Late Old Kingdom - Early First Intermediate Period (5th-9th dynasties)
• 3.3 Personal names
• 3.4 Funerary domains
• Table 3.3. Old Kingdom personal names incorporating Hp ('Apis').
• Table 3.4. Old Kingdom personal names incorporating Tntt ('Tjentet-cow[s]).
• Table 3.5. Old Kingdom personal names incorporating bA ('sacred ram').
• Table 3.6. List of domains mentioning individual animal agencies.
• 3.5 Pyramid Texts
• 3.6 Architectural evidence
• 3.7 Summary
• Figure 3.1a. Relief from the Valley Temple of the Snefru's bent pyramid, Dashur. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Fakhry 1961, fig. 96).
• Figure 3.1b. Relief from the Valley Temple of the Snefru's bent pyramid, Dashur. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Schott 1972, 32).
• Figure 3.2a. Block from the pyramid temple of Sahura, Abusir. After Borchardt 1913, 47.
• Figure 3.2b. Fragments from the mortuary temple of Unas, Saqqara. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Ćwiek 2003: fig. 76).
• Figure 3.3. Fragments from the solar temple of Niuserra, Abu Ghurob: a: visit to the chapel of the Apis bull (fr. no. 251)
• b: procession (fr. no. 252)
• c: inscription fragment (fr. no. 255). After von Bissing-Kees 1928, pl. 15.
• Figure 3.4. Hypothetical sequence of episodes according to Kees' restoration of fragments 251, 255, 255.
• Figure 3.5. 'Scene of the pelicans' (Berlin, ÄM 20037) from the so-called 'Room of the Seasons', sun-temple of Niuserra, Abu Ghurob. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli.
• From the First Intermediate Period to the Middle Kingdom
• 4.1 Titles
• 4.2 Private inscriptions
• 4.3 Personal names
• 4.4 Coffin Texts
• 4.5 Summary
• Figure 4.1. Passage of the biography of Henqu II from Tomb N67, Deir el-Gebrawi. After Davies 1902: pl. XXIV.
• Figure 4.2. Relief Relief scene from the funerary chapel (B1) of Senbi, Meir. After Blackman 1914, pl. XI.
• Fig. 4.3 Relief scene from the tomb Ukh-hotep son of Senbi (B2), Meir. After Blackman 1915, pl. XV.
• The New Kingdom
• 5.1 The Apis bull at Memphis
• 5.1.1 The Serapeum during the New Kingdom
• Figure 5.3 Wall painting from Tomb D (Horemheb) showing the Apis bull and the four sons of Horus, Saqqara. After Mariette 1857: pl. 3.
• Figure 5.4. Wall painting from Tomb G (Ramses II) showing the king and prince Khaemwaset before Apis. After Mariette 1857: pl. 8.
• Table 5.1. Conspectus of the New Kingdom burials of the Apis bulls ('Isolated Tombs' and 'Lessere Vaults').
• Table 5.2 Main epithets and forms of predication of the Apis bull attested on the inscribed material from the New Kingdom tombs of the Serapeum.
• Figure 5.1. One of the New Kingdom 'Isolated Tomb' as shown in Mariette's reconstruction. After Mariette 1882: 117, fig. 1.
• Figure 5.2 Mariettes's drawing of the Greater Vaults of the Serapeum. After Mariette 1882: 119, fig. 3.
• 5.1.2 The stelae of the Serapeum
• Table 5.3. Conspectus of the Apis stelae from the New Kingdom tombs of the Serapeum.
• Figure 5.5. Relief from the Red Chapel of Hatshepsut showing the 'Running of the Apis bull'. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli.
• 5.1.3 Other attestations
• 5.2 The Mnevis bull at Heliopolis
• 5.2.1 The New Kingdom necropolis of the Mnevis bull
• Table 5.4. Conspectus of the New Kingdom burials of the Mnevis bull.
• Table 5.5. Main epithets and forms of predication of the Mnevis bull attested on the inscribed material from the New Kingdom tombs of Arab el-Tawil.
• Figure 5.6. Detail of the donation stela of Thutmosis III (Cairo JE 65830), Heliopolis (?). Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Moursi 1987: abb. 4, taf. 9.4).
• Figure 5.7. Stela München ÄS 14000, acquired in Cairo. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Moursi 1983: abb. 2, taf. VI).
• 5.2.2 The stelae of the Mnevis bull
• Table 5.6. Conspectus of the Mnevis stelae from New Kingdom Heliopolis.
• 5.2.3 Other attestations
• 5.3 The 'Fish-stelae' from Mendes
• Figure 5.8. Fish stela (Field No. F 137+169), Mendes. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Redford 2004: pl. XXIX, CAT#425).
• Figure 5.9. Fish stela (Field No. Q 8), Mendes. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Redford 2004: pl. XXIX#450).
• 5.4 The fish necropolis at Gurob
• 5.5 The 'Salakhana Trove' at Asyut
• Figure 5.10. Ramesside stela Berlin 19594, Asyut. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Durisch 1993: fig. 2).
• Figure 5.12. Ramesside stela Louvre AF 6949, Asyut. Graphic elaboration by F. Iannarilli (after Durisch 1993: fig. 1).