Tios/Tieion on the Southern Black Sea in the Broader Context of Pontic Archaeology.

• VerfasserIn: Tsetskhladze, Gocha R.,
• TeilnehmendeR: Yıldırım, Şahin.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2023.; ©2023.
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (348 pages)

Several papers focus on Tios (the Acropolis, the lower city and coin finds). Its place in ancient geography/cartography is considered before moving on to the indigenous inhabitants of the surrounding area, the immediate and greater region, then the Turkish Black Sea region, and outwards to the western, northern and eastern shores of the Black Sea.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- List of Illustrations -- Master plan of Tios/Tieion -- Introduction: Tios (Tieion) in the Context of Black Sea Colonisation* -- Figure 1. Map of the Black Sea showing major Greek cities and local peoples (map. G.R. Tsetskhladze). -- Figure 2. Map of northern Anatolia (after Summerer 2014, 190, fig. 1). -- Figure 3. Roman theatre (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 4. Aqueduct (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 5. Aqueduct (drawing courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 6. Roman port, dock and sea walls (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 7. Acropolis of Tios (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 8. Acropolis of Tios (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 9. Acropolis of Tios (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). PLD 3. -- Figure 10. Acropolis of Tios (after Yıldırım 2022, 858, fig. 2). OLD 4. -- Figure 11. Excavation area on the acropolis of Tios (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 12. Roman temple (photograph courtesy of Ş. Yıldırım). -- Figure 13. Temple at Tios, view from the north-east (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). -- Figure 14. Temple at Tios, view from the west (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). -- Figure 15. Plan of the temple at Tios (after Baran 2013, 10, fig. 7). -- Figure 16. East Greek pottery from Tios (after Atasoy and Erpehlivan 2012, 2, fig. 2). -- Figure 17. Attic pottery from Tios (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). -- Figure 18. Attic pottery from Tios (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). -- Figure 19. Attic pottery from Tios (photograph courtesy of S. Atasoy). -- Figure 20. Pit-houses on the acropolis (after Yıldırım 2022, 858, fig. 3). -- Figure 21. Pit-houses of circular plan (after Yıldırım 2022, 860, fig. 4).

Figure 22. Plan of pit-houses P2 and P3 and the iron workshop (after Yıldırım 2022, 860, fig. 5). -- Figure 23. Archaic iron workshop (after Yıldırım 2022, 862, fig. 6). -- Figure 24. Slag fragments from iron workshop (after Yıldırım 2022, 862, fig. 7). -- Figure 25. Pottery sherd inscribed in Old Phrygian (after Yıldırım 2022, 866, fig. 13). -- Figure 26. Terracotta horse figurines from the first layer of structure P1 (after Yıldırım 2022, 867, fig. 14). -- Figure 27. Example of Middle Wild Goat II pottery from first layer of structure P2 (after Yıldırım 2022, 864, fig. 8). -- Figure 28. Ionian bowl from the Archaic houses (after Yıldırım 2022, 864, fig. 9). -- Figure 29. Archaic eyed kylix from second layer of structure P1 (after Yıldırım 2022, 864, fig. 10). -- Figure 30. Piece of Archaic Ionian bowl (after Yıldırım 2022, 865, fig. 11). -- Figure 31. Aerial photograph of the burial grounds at Tios (after Atasoy 2022, 55, fig. 2). -- Figure 32. Tile-covered grave (after Atasoy 2022, 56, fig. 3). -- Figure 33. Sarcophagus burial (after Atasoy 2022, 56, fig. 4). -- Figure 34. Lekythos (after Atasoy 2022, 57, fig. 5). -- Figure 35. Lekythos (after Atasoy 2022, 57, fig. 6). -- Figure 36. Acropolis of Tios, remains of the church and the temple (after Atasoy 2022, 58, fig. 7). -- Figure 37. Grave from the Sefercik district (after Atasoy 2022, 61, fig. 11). -- Figure 38. Grave in Hıdırlık/Ören Tepesi (after Atasoy 2022, 62, fig. 12). -- Figure 39. Grave in Hıdırlık/Ören Tepesi (after Atasoy 2022, 63, fig. 13). -- Figure 40. Grave with two chambers at Öteyüz (after Atasoy 2022, 64, fig. 14). -- Figure 41. Grave with two chambers at Öteyüz (after Atasoy 2022, 65, fig. 15). -- Tios in Ancient Geography and Cartography.

Figure 1. Fragment of the reconstructed map of Ptolemy with the names of the South Pontic cities (after Stückelberger and Graßhoff 2006, 846). -- Figure 2. Fragment of Peutinger's map with stations Heraclea, Scylleum and Tium. -- Figure 3. Fragment of the map with a reconstruction of the Roman roads (after Andrei Nacu). -- The Acropolis Temple of Tios (Tieion) -- Figure 1. General view of the acropolis. -- Figure 2. Pit-houses on the first terrace in the acropolis. -- Figure 3. Remains of iron workshop. -- Figure 4. East Greek pottery samples from the first terrace of the acropolis. -- Figure 5. Local Phrygian pottery samples from the first terrace of the acropolis. -- Figure 6. Old Phrygian language inscriptions on pottery sherds. -- Figure 7. Late Bronze Age pottery sample from the first terrace of the acropolis. -- Figure 8. The Roman temple on the second terrace of the acropolis. -- Figure 9. West terrace wall of the acropolis. -- Figure 10. Part of prohedria seat from the Roman theatre. -- Figure 11. Part of the northern temenos wall. -- Figure 12. Roman temple of Tios. -- Figure 13. Plan of the Roman temple on the acropolis. -- Figure 14. Roman temple from the south. -- Figure 15. Toichobat blocks. -- Figure 16. General view of podium remains from the south. -- Figure 17. Metal clamp from the temple. -- Figure 18. Marble architectural fragments of temple. -- Figure 19. Temple crypt. -- Figure 20. Drawings of crypt walls. -- Figure 21. Archaic Doric capitals. -- Figure 22. Drawings of Archaic Doric capitals. -- Figure 23. Anthropomorphic vessel from the temple excavation. -- Figure 24. Hellenistic Doric capitals. -- Figure 25. Drawings of Hellenistic Doric capitals. -- Figure 26. The early and late phases of the Roman temple. -- Figure 27. Attic pottery from the temple area. -- Figure 28. Proposed reconstruction of the Roman temple.

Figure 29. Proposed reconstruction of the podium, column and Corinthian capital of the temple. -- Figure 30. A bronze coin of Tios from the reign of Alexander Severus. -- The Lower City of Tios: Finds in the Firebrick Factory Area -- Figure 1. Lower City of Tios. General view from the acropolis (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 2. Vaulted cistern (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 3. Water pipe next to cistern (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 4. Factory area in 1930s (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 5. Factory area in 2012 (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 6. Archaeological park of Tios (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 7. Two pithoi burried side by side (F2) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 8. Two rubble walls (F4) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 9. Wall and terracotta pipes (F6) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 10. Brick barrel vault (F14) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 11. Mosaic floor (F17) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 12. Mosaic floor (F18) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 13. Brick wall and marble revetment (F26) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 14. Semi-circular wall of a church (apse and altar?) (F49, 50, 53) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 15. Terracotta lamp (cat. no. 1) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 16. Terracotta lamp (cat. no. 2) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 17. Terracotta lamp (cat. no. 3) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 18. Terracotta lamp (cat. no. 4) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 19. Spoon probe (cat. no. 5) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 20. Open lamp (cat. no. 6) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Figure 21. Spatula probe (cat. no. 7) (illustration by S. Atasoy). -- Coin Finds and a Partial Tetrarchic Coin Hoard from Tios (2015-16)* -- Figure 1. Uncertain Greek AE, 18.0 mm -- 4.16 g -- 12h.

Figure 2. Tios Civic Issue AE (400-200 BC), 10.0 mm -- 1.25g -- 12h. -- Figure 3. Valens (AD 363-375) AE, 18.0 mm -- 3.05 g -- 12h. -- Figure 4. Arcadius (AD 383-408) AE, 13.0 mm -- 0.95g. -- Figure 5. Leo VI (AD 886-912) AE 40 Nummi, 27.0 mm -- 4.2 g -- 6h. -- Figure 6. Uncertain Byzantine AE, 28.0 mm -- 8.5 g -- 12h. -- Figure 7. Uncertain Islamic AE Fals, 16.0 mm -- 1.61 g. -- Figure 8. Trajan (AD 98-117), Heraclea Pontica, AE, 20.0 mm -- 4.73 g -- 6h. -- Figure 9. Gordian III (AD 238-244), Tios, AE, 27.5 mm -- 8.45 g -- 1h. -- Figure 10. Constantine II (as Caesar AD 317-337), AE, 17.0 mm -- 1.43 g -- 6h. -- Figure 11. Constantine X (AD 1059-1067), Anonymous Class E AE Follis, 28.0 mm -- 10.04 g -- 12h. -- Figure 12. Romanus IV (AD 1068-1071), Anonymous Class G AE Follis, 27.5 mm -- 10.87 g -- 6h. -- Figure 13. Nicophorus III (AD 1078-1081), Anonymous Class I AE Follis, 21.0 mm -- 4.45 g -- 6h. -- Figure 14. Manuel Comnenus (AD 1143-1180), AE Half-Tetarteron, 18.5 mm -- 1.48 g -- 6h. -- Figure 15. Andronicus II Palaeologus (AD 1282-1295), BI Tornese, 14.5 mm -- 0.77 g -- 6h. -- Figure 16. Uncertain Byzantine AE Follis, 27.0 mm -- 7.48 g. -- Figure 17. Uncertain Byzantine AE Trachy, 19.0 mm -- 1.81 g -- 6h. -- Figure 18. Uncertain Byzantine AE Half-Follis, 23.0 mm -- 4.43 g -- 6h. -- Figure 19. Genoese AR Tornese, n/a -- 0.65 g. -- Figure 20. Kaykhaushraw II (Ghiyath al-Din) (AH 634-644/AD 1236-1245), AR Dirham, 22.0 mm -- 2.79 g. -- Figure 21. Uncertain Ilkhan AR Half-Dirham, 11.0 mm -- 0.48 g -- 9h. -- Figure 22. Uncertain Islamic AE, 21.5 mm -- 1.92g. -- Figure 23. Diocletian, AE (#1 -- C81), 25.0 mm -- 8.04 g -- 12h. -- Figure 24. Diocletian, AE (#10 -- C44), 27.5 mm -- 9.61 g -- 11h. -- Figure 25. Diocletian, AE (#46 -- C348), 27.0 mm -- 10.32 g -- 6h. -- Figure 26. Diocletian, AE (#73 -- C136), 27.5 mm -- 8.40 g -- 12h.

Figure 27. Diocletian, AE (#76.