The production, use and importance of flint tools in the archaic period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt / / Michal Kobusiewicz.

• Superior document: Archaeopress Egyptology ; v.12
• VerfasserIn: Kobusiewicz, Michał,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford, England : : Archaeopress,, [2015]; ©2015
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress Egyptology
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (178 pages)

This volume represents a selection of contributions on Mediterranean themes from a wider international interdisciplinary conference on Magical Texts in Ancient Civilizations, organised by the Centre for Comparative Studies of Civilizations at Jagiellonian University in Krakow in Poland between 27-28 June 2013.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1. The scope of the study -- 1.2. History of research -- Chapter 2 Production of Tools -- 2.1. Types of splintery rocks -- 2.2. Sources of raw materials -- 2.3. Lithic technology -- 2.4. Typology -- 2.5. Organisation of lithic production -- Chapter 3 Types of Flint Artefacts in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom -- Figure 1. Metrical data on rectangular sickle blades from Kom el-Hisn, Ain el-Gazzareen, Ain Asil and Elephantine (measurements in mm). Measurements for Ain Asil are given for the most numerous group of sickle blades at the site, made of auburn and black- -- Figure 2. Comparison of measurements and proportions of rectangular sickle blades of the Predynastic period and the Old Kingdom (Nagada, Hamemieh, Badari according to Holmes 1989, Ain Asil according to Midant-Reynes 1998, Elephantine according to Hikade 2 -- Chapter 4 Flint Assemblages from Recently Investigated Old Kingdom Sites -- 4.1. The Dakhla Oasis -- 4.1.1. Ain el-Gazzareen (Site 32/390/K2-2) -- 4.1.2. List of types for the site of Ain el-Gazzareen -- 4.1.3. Watch-posts -- 4.1.4. The temple of Mut el-Khorab (Site 31/405 - G9 - 1) -- 4.1.5. Ain Asil -- 4.1.6. Comparison of sites from the Dakhla Oasis -- 4.2. Kom el-Hisn, the western Nile Delta -- 4.3. Elephantine -- Figure 3. Ain el-Gazzareen. Sample collection. Absolute and percentage frequencies of types of cores. -- Figure 4. Ain el-Gazzareen. Sample collection. Metrical data on cores (measurements in mm). -- Figure 5. Ain el-Gazzareen. Sample collection. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types -- Figure 6. Ain el-Gazzareen. Sample collection. Metrical data on debitage (measurements in mm).

Figure 7. Ain el-Gazzareen. Absolute and percentage frequencies of particular types of retouched tools along with the absolute and percentage frequencies of burnt pieces calculated within particular types . -- Figure 8. Ain el-Gazzareen. Type and location of retouch on sickle blades -- Figure 9. Ain el-Gazzareen. Absolute and percentage frequencies of particular types of raw materials counted for each type of retouched tools -- Figure 10. Seth Hill. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types -- Figure 11. Seth Hill. Absolute and percentage frequencies of retouched tools -- Figure 12. Bee's Lookout. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types -- Figure 13. Bee's Lookout. Absolute and percentage frequencies of retouched tools -- Figure 14. Ain Asil. Absolute and percentage frequencies of retouched tools (according to Midant-Reynes 1998) -- Figure 15. Comparison of flint inventories recovered from the late Old Kingdom sites in the Dakhla Oasis. XXX - very frequent, XX - frequent, X - scarce. -- Figure 16. Kom el-Hisn. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types -- Figure 17. Kom el-Hisn. Absolute and percentage frequencies of tool types -- Figure 18. Kom el-Hisn. Bifacial knifes. Absolute and percentage frequencies of different raw materials. -- Figure 19. Kom el-Hisn. Bifacial knifes. Absolute and percentage frequencies of different types of blanks -- Figure 20. Kom el-Hisn. Sickle blades. Absolute and percentage frequencies of the location of retouch. -- Figure 21. Kom el-Hisn. Sickle blades. Absolute and percentage frequencies of different raw materials. -- Figure 22. Kom el-Hisn. Sickle blades. Absolute and percentage frequencies of different types of blanks. -- Figure 23. Kom el-Hisn. Sickle blades. Different sections for blades used for sickle production.

Figure 24. Comparison of percentages of different tool types from selected sites. Percentages based on the total number of tools (Helwan, Elephantine, Giza, Ibrahim Awad and Ain Asil according to Hikade 2005. For Ain el-Gazzareen and Kom el-Hisn see this -- Figure 25. Elephantine. Northern Group. Types of raw material (according to Hikade 2013) -- Figure 26. Elephantine. Northern Group. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types (according to Hikade 2013) -- Figure 27. Elephantine. Northern Group. Absolute and percentage frequencies of tool types (according to Hikade 2013). -- Figure 28. Elephantine. Southern Group. Types of raw material (according to Hikade 2013) -- Figure 29. Elephantine. Southern Group. Absolute and percentage frequencies of debitage types (according to Hikade 2013) -- Figure 30. Elephantine. Southern Group. Absolute and percentage frequencies of tool types (according to Hikade 2013). -- Chapter 5 Comparison of Flint Assemblages Dated to the Old Kingdom: Sites from Dakhla Oasis, Kom el Hisn and Elephantine -- Figure 31. Comparison of flint inventories from Kom el-Hisn, the Dakhla Oasis and Elephantine. XXX - very frequent, XX - frequent, X - scarce. (Elephantine according to Hikade 2013) -- Figure 32. The percentage frequencies of major types of flint tool from watch-posts Seth Hill and Bee's Lookout. Compare to Figure 25. -- Chapter 6 El Kharafish -- Figure 33. El Kharafish 02/5-1. Absolute and percentage frequencies of tool types. (according to Riemer 2011b) -- Chapter 7 Three Lithic Complexes -- Chapter 8 The Importance of Flint Tools in the Culture of Early Dynasties of Egypt -- 8.1. Economic importance -- 8.2. Ritual importance -- 8.3. Prestige -- Chapter 9 The Cognitive Potential of Flint Materials -- 9.1. Centralised rule -- 9.2. Acculturation -- 9.3. External contacts.

Figure 34. Similarities and differences between flint inventories from the sites of Ain el-Gazzareen and El Kharafish (according to H. Riemer 2011a) -- Chapter 10 Continued Interest in Flint -- Chapter 11 Conclusions -- Figure 35. Map of sites mentioned in the text. 1 Tell el Fara'in/Buto -- 2 Kom el Hisn -- 3 Tell el Iswid -- 4 Tell Ibrahim Awad -- 5 Tell el Farkha -- 6 Abu Rawash -- 7 Giza -- 8 Abusir -- 9 Heluan -- 10 Dahshur -- 11 Fayum -- 12 Wadi Sheikh -- 13 Beni Hassan -- 14 Abydos -- 15 -- Figures -- Figure 36. Bifacial knife type 2 (Abydos, according to Hikade 1997). -- Figure 37. Bifacial knife type "fish teil" type 1 (Abydos, tomb U-127, according to Hikade 1996). -- Figure 38. 1- Bifacial knife type 3 (Saqqara, according to Macramallah 1940) -- 2- bifacial knife type 4 (according to Kromer 1978) -- 3-4 bifacial knifes worn by grainding (Abydos, according to Svoboda 2006) -- Figure 39. Bifacial knife type 5 (Ain Asil VI dynasty, according to Midant-Reynes 1998) -- Figure 40. Scene of dividing a cow's carcass using bifacial knife. (Saqqara, mastaba of Ptahetep, V dynasty, according to Davies 1901). -- Figure 41.1-9 Rectangular sickle blades 1-4 Kom el Hisn -- 5-7 Ain el Gazzareen -- 8-9 Ain Asil (according to Midant-Reynes 1998) -- Figure 42. 1-3 half-finished sickle blades, 4 wooden sickle with visible row of sickle blades. -- Figure 43. 1 Scene of harvesting by sickle with flint inserts (Tomb of Sennediem, XIX dynasty, according to Tristant 2009) -- 2 reconstruction of hafting sickle inserts based on traces of bitumite (Middle east, according to Cauvin 1973) -- Figure 44. 1-5 masive rectangular sickle blades -- 6-7 massive triangular sickle blades -- Figure 45. 1-5,9 bitruncated regular blade tools ("rasor blades") older phase (Saqqara, according to Macramallah 1940).

6-8, 10 bitruncated regular blade tools ("rasor blades") younger phase (Elephantine, according to Hikade 2002) -- -- Figure 46. 1 massive scraper (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 2 flat scraper (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 3 scraper with denticulated edge (Ain Asil, according to Midant-Reynes 1998) -- Figure 47. 1 flat scraper (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 2 triangular scraper (Tell el Fara'in/Buto, according to Schmidt 1992b -- 3-5 end-scrapers (3-4 Ain el Gazzareen, 5 Ain Asil (according to Midant-Reynes 1998) -- Figure 48. 1 crescent shaped drill (Tell el Fara'in/Buto (according to Schmidt 1986) -- 2-5 microperforators (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 6-8 notches (Ain el Gazzareen) -- Figure 49. 1-2 nosed scrapers (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 3-5 tanged arrow heads (3,5 Ain el Gazzareen) -- 6-7 bifacially retouched arrow heads (6 - Abydos, tomb of Djer, according to Hikade 2003 -- 7 - Ain el Gazzareen) -- 8 trapezoidal arrow head (Elephantine, accord -- Figure 50. 1-5 borers (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 6-7 denticulates (6 - Ain Asil, according to Midant-Reynes 1998, 7 - Ain el Gazzareen) -- Figure 51. 1,3 strangled pieces (1 - Ain Asil, according to Midant-Reynes 1998, 3 - Ain el Gazzareen) -- 2,4 scaled pieces (Ain el Gazzareen) -- 5-6 retouched flakes (Ain el Gazzareen) -- -- Figure 52. 1-4 burins (Elephantine, according to Katthagen 1985) -- 5 backed piece (Helwan, according to Hikade 2005) -- 6-7 bracelets of flint (6 - Tell el Fara'in/Buto, according to Schmidt 1992b), 7 - Elephantine (according to Katthagen 1985) -- Figure 53. Axe (Giza, afer Kromer 1978) -- Figure 54. Hoe (Ain el Gazzareen) -- Figure 55. Pebble tool (Dahshur) -- Figure 56. Ain el Gazzareen, 1-3 cores -- Figure 57. Ain el Gazzareen, 1-4 cores -- Figure 58. Type list. 1 - bifacial knife -- 2 - rectangular sickle blade -- 3 - triangular sickle blade -- 4 - half-finished sickle blade.

5 - massive rectangular sickle insert.