The Archaeology of Prehistoric Burnt Mounds in Ireland.

• Author: Hawkes, Alan.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2018.; ©2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (341 pages)

This book details the archaeology of burnt mounds (fulachtaí fia) in Ireland, one of the most frequent and under researched prehistoric site types in the country. It presents a re-evaluation of the pyrolithic phenomenon in light of some 1000 excavated burnt mounds.

Table of Contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright page
• Contents Page
• Preface
• Burnt mounds: an introduction
• Figure 1.1: Burnt mound at Turnaspidogy, Co. Cork (RMP CO081-044). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 1.2: Distribution of recorded burnt mounds in Ireland. Source: www.archaeology.ie and www.doei.gov.uk.
• Figure 1.3: Burnt mound at Derrynafinnia, Co. Kerry (RMP KE076-085). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 1.4: Excavated stone trough and hearth from Drombeg, Co. Cork. Source: Dan Breen, Cork Public Museum.
• A history of burnt mound research in Ireland
• 2.2 ANTIQUARIAN INTEREST
• 2.3 APPROACHES DURING THE MID-TO-LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY
• 2.4 BURNT MOUNDS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHAEOLOGY
• 2.5 BURNT MOUND DISCOVERIES: STATISTICS AND DISTRIBUTION
• 3.1 PYROLITHIC TECHNOLOGY AS A GLOBAL PHENOMENON
• Figure 2.1: Map compiled by Thomas Carew Hunt c. 1843 (top), along with sketch of burnt mound (bottom). source: Rockley 2008
• Figure 2.2: Plan of stone-lined hearth and 'dug-out' trough at Clonkerdon Co. Waterford. Source: Quinlan 1885.
• Figure 2.3: Stone-lined hearth and trough pit at Kilnaglery Co. Cork. Source: Ó Ríordáin 1937.
• Figure 2.4: Plan of sections through burnt mound at Ballygambon, Whitechurch, Co. Waterford. Source: Forsayeth 1913.
• Figure 2.5: The first cooking experiment carried out by M. J. O'Kelly at Ballyvourney, Co. Cork. Source: O'Kelly 1954. (A) Meat is wrapped in straw and placed into the trough, taking 35 minutes to bring 454 litres of water to boil. (B) It is allowed to co
• Figure 2.6: Plan of features uncovered at Ballyvourney I, Co. Cork. Source: O'Kelly 1954.
• Figure 2.7: Plan and section of features identified at mashanaglass, Co. Cork. Source: Fahy 1957.
• Figure 2.8. Excavation of burnt mound at Castleredmond, Co. Cork (Cork to Dublin gas pipeline 1982. Source: William O'Brien, UCC.
• Figure 2.9: Excavation of a burnt mound at Kilcor South, Co. Cork (Cork to Dublin gas pipeline 1982. Source: Maurice F. Hurley.
• Figure 2.10: Frequency and range of burnt mound excavations in Ireland, 1930−2010.
• Figure 2.11: Distribution of excavated burnt mounds in Ireland 1950 − 2010. Note linear trends from major road-building projects.
• Figure 2.12: Levelled burnt mound at Ballynametagh, Co. Cork (SMR CO087-108). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 2.13: Levelled burnt mound at Moneygurney, Co. Cork (SMR CO086-133). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 2.14: Number of burnt mounds excavated on road and pipeline schemes per county 1950 − 2010.
• Figure 2.15: Post-abandonment history of a typical burnt mound. Drawing produced by James O'Driscoll
• Figure 2.16: Excavation in progress along the N11 road scheme at Ballyclogh North, Co. Wicklow (Source: Yvonne Whitty IAC Ltd).
• Figure 2.17: Elevated view of excavated troughs and burnt mound at Bockagh, near Ballaghaderreen, Co. Roscommon (IAC Ltd).
• Figure 2.18: burnt mound damaged by machinery at Gortnagane, Co. Kerry (SMR KE068-022012). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 2.19: Early Bronze Age burnt mound damaged by machinery at Errarooey More, Co. Donegal (RMP DG025-007). Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 3.1: Burnt stone deposits at Les Eyzies, Dordogne, France (after Movius 1966).
• Pyrolithic technology: the international context
• 3.2 PREHISTORIC BURNT MOUNDS IN BRITAIN
• 3.3 PREHISTORIC BURNT MOUNDS IN NORTHERN EUROPE
• 3.4 PYROLITHIC TECHNOLOGY IN INDIGENOUS SOCIETIES
• Figure 3.2: Distribution of burnt mounds in Ireland and Britain (After Hedges 1974−75: 62).
• Figure 3.3: Plan of 'heated stones' at Buckenham Tofts Park, Norfolk (after Laynard 1922: 490).
• Figure 3.4: Burnt mound during excavation at Liddle, South Ronaldsay, Orkney (after Hedges 1975
• Source RCAHMS).
• Figure 3.5: Range of burnt mounds in the Scottish Isles with internal troughs with associated stone-built structures. Source: redrawn after Hedges 1975
• Moore and Wilson 1999
• Hedges 1986
• Toolis 2005
• Moore and Wilson 2008.
• Figure 3.6: Possible sweat lodge structures at Ceann nan Clachan , North Uist (Phase 1 and 2) and Cladh hallan (bottom left). Kebister structure 1 (bottom right) is a timber-built building interpreted as a cook-house. Source: redrawn after Armit and Brab
• Figure 3.7: Plan and section of burnt mound at Cob Lane Park, Birmingham (Redrawn after Hodder 1990, 107).
• Figure 3.8: Burnt mound during excavation (Source: Thames Valley Archaeological Services UK).
• Figure 3.9: Pit with plank and withy lining at Swales Fen, Suffolk (Redrawn from Martin 1988:359)
• Figure 3.10: Burnt mound C2/3 and structure F3005, Cefn Cwmwd, Wales. Excavated along the A55 Road Scheme (Redrawn after Maynard 2012:127)
• Figure 3.11: Drombeg revetment structure surrounding boiling trough and hearth. Source: Alan Hawkes
• Figure 3.12: View of Garranes burnt mound during excavation. Phase II structure possibly associated with dry roasting. Source: William O'brien, UCC.
• Figure 3.13: A burnt mound (skӓrvstenshӧgar in Swedish) from the province of Ӧstergӧtland during excavation. Source: Larsson 1990:51.
• Figure 3.14: Chatillion-sur-Glane (Posieux), France. Upper level of burnt stones and bone (left) and lower level with charcoal, charred timber and oxidized earth (right). Source: adapted from Ramseyer 1991:71.
• Figure 3.15: Indian women place rocks on a fire to heat them for use in the earth oven. Painting by Charles Shaw. Source. texasbeyondhistory.net.
• Figure 3.16: This figure outlines the operation of a typical earth oven. Phase 1 (above) invloves digging a pit and lighting a fire on a layer of stones until red hot. Phase 2 involves placing layer of moist vegetation and food produce into the pit and ba
• The archaeology of burnt mounds in Ireland
• Figure 4.1: Timber-lined trough inserted into clay platfrom at Errew, Co. Leitrim. Source: Dominic Delaney.
• Figure 4.2: Scatter chart representing burnt mound thickness at levelled and extant excavated sites in Ireland.
• Figure 4.3: Recorded shape of excavated burnt mound/spread deposits in Ireland.
• Figure 4.4: Shallow spread of burnt mound material excavatied along the Sallins Bypass, Co. Kildare. Source: IAC Ltd.
• Figure 4.5: Burnt mound during rescue excavation works at Meelin, Clashroe, Co. Cork. Source: Maurice F. Hurley.
• Figure 4.6: Stone revetment at Fahee South, Co. Clare. Source: Diarmuid Ó Drisceoil.
• Figure 4.7: Mound retaining wall with central trough and well at Drombeg, Co. Cork. Source: adapted from Fahy 1960.
• Figure 4.8: Overgrown burnt mounds at Rossnashunsoge, overlooking Glengarriff Harbour, Co. Cork (RMP CO090-026006). Source: Alan Hawkes.
• Figure 4.10: Water-boiling experiment using sandstone. Source: Irish National Heritage Park, Ferrycarrig, Co. Wexford.
• Figure 4.9: Recorded stone petrologies from excavated burnt mounds in Ireland.
• Figure 4.11: Timber-lined trough at Curraheen 5, Co. Cork, with in-situ burnt limestone from final boiling episode. Source: Ian Russell for ACS Ltd.
• Figure 4.12: Number of excavated burnt mounds in ireland with evidence of stone and timber stock-piles.
• Figure 4.15: Location of hearths at excavated burnt mounds in Ireland.
• Figure 4.16: Hearth types recorded from excavated burnt mounds in Ireland.
• Figure 4.17: Formal stone-built hearth and trough at Garranes in the Beara Pennisula, Co. Cork. Source: William O'Brien UCC.
• Figure 4.18: Stone-built hearth and associated trough at Killalough, Co. Cork. Source: Eamonn Cotter for Sheila Lane and Associates.
• Figure 4.19: Selection of excavated stone-built hearths from burnt mounds in Ireland. Radiocarbon dates calibrated at 2-sigma.
• Figure 4.20: Frequency of recorded trough shapes from excavated burnt mounds in Ireland.
• Figure 4.21: Recorded depths (M) of burnt mound troughs in Ireland.
• Figure 4.22: Recorded trough linings from excavated burnt mounds in Ireland.
• Figure 4.23: Oval stone-lined trough at Cashelduff IV, Co. Mayo. Source: Richard F. Gillespie, Mayo County Council.
• Figure 4.24: Stone-lined trough at Garranes in the Beara Peninsula, Co. Cork. Source: William O'Brien UCC.
• Figure 4.25: Roundwood-lined trough at Sonnagh I, Co. Mayo. Source: Richard F. Gillespie, Mayo County Council.
• Figure 4.26: Roundwood-lined trough at Bockagh, near Ballaghaderreen, Co. Roscommon. Source: IAC Ltd.
• Figure 4.27: Roundwood-lined trough with corner supports at Bofeenaun, Lough Moore, Co. Mayo. Source Conor McDermott.
• Figure 4.28: Surviving wattle-lined troughs excavated in ireland with associated dating evidence. Radiocarbon dates calibrated at 2-sigma.
• Figure 4.29: Preserved wattle-lined trough excavated by Siobhan McNamara (ACSU Ltd) at Deerpark East 1, Co. Mayo. Source: Richard F. Gillespie.
• Figure 4.30: Preserved wattle-lined trough excavated at Coolacork, Co. Wicklow. Source: Yvonne Whitty for IAC Ltd.
• Figure 4.31: Late Bronze Age plank-lined trough excavated at Cahiracon, Co. Clare. Source: Emer Dennehy.
• Figure 4.32: Rare, oval plank-lined trough excavated at Caheraphuca, near Crusheen, Co. Clare. Source: IAC Ltd.
• Figure 4.33 Logboat/Canoe reused as a water-boiling trough at Killalough, Co. Cork. Source: Eamonn Cotter for Sheila Lane and Associates.