Roman Amphora Contents : : Proceedings of the Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference (RACIIC) (Cadiz, 5-7 October 2015).

• Superior document: Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery ; v.17
• Author: Bernal-Casasola, Darío.
• TeilnehmendeR: Bonifay, Michel.; Pecci, Alessandra.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2021.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2021
• Language: English
• Series: Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (514 pages)

Presents the results of the RACIIC International Congress (Roman Amphora Contents International Interactive Conference, Cádiz, 2015), dedicated to the distinguished Spanish amphorologist Miguel Beltrán Lloris. This volume aims to reflect on the current state of knowledge about the palaeocontents of Roman amphorae.

Table of Contents

Cover -- EDITORIAL BOARD -- Organizers -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents Page -- Preface -- Ánforas romanas y contenidos. Notas istoriográficas -- Miguel Beltrán Lloris -- Figura 1. Ánfora grecoitálica de las Alhambras, Teruel. Museo de Zaragoza, 96.28.1. Donativo de Antonio Beltrán Martínez. Fotografía: Museo de Zaragoza, J. Garrido Lapeña. -- Figura 2. Tituli picti sobre ánforas hispánicas de Castro Pretorio, Roma (Dressel 1879: láminas XIII-XIV). -- Figura 4. Ánforas ampuritanas de ANTH (Tremoleda 2000: figura 101). -- Figura 5. Ánforas de forma Haltern 70 de producciónlocal emeritense (Bustamante 2011: figura 16). -- Historical and archaeological indicators -- Amphorae: typology and contents -- Stefanie Martin‑Kilcher -- André Tchernia -- Figure 1. Ostia. Forum delle corporazioni, statio 51. Although the inscription of the navicularii is not preserved, the ship carrying olive oil amphorae Dr 20 must hail from Baetica (Italica or Gades). -- Figure 2. Marbella. Mosaic in the porticus of a villa depicting (amongst other things): kitchen implements, food, ingredients (including an amphora Beltran IIb) and prepared food. -- Figure 3. Dougga. Section of a mosaic: A slave is pouring wine from an amphora MR1 into a drinking cup. -- Figure 4. Neumagen. Funeral monument of a wine trader with a wine ship, laden with barrels probably containing wine from the Moselle region and straw-wrapped amphorae from southern Gaul. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier, Foto Th. Zümer. -- Figure 5. Palamós (Illes Formigues I). Two of the ovoid amphorae (ovoides gaditanas) from the shipwreck, around 50 BC. Martín Menéndez 2008: Fig. 4. -- Figure 6. Belo. The only completely reconstructed amphora 'Dr 1C'. Mayet 1999: Fig. 1,1. -- Figure 7. Amphora Dr 24 and the rim of a Knossos 18. Rizzo 2014: fig. 42a and 43b.

Figure 8. Ostia. Painted inscription acetum lauronense, vinegar from Lauro on a Dr 2-4 from Tarraconensis. Panella 1970: 131 and Tav. 36, no.561. -- Figure 9. Vindonissa (1) and Mainz (2). The two massive amphorae with primary painted inscription with large letters show MVR(ia) as their content. The amphorae are probably not Ha 70, but early forms of Dr 14. Photos and Drawings: Vindonissa Museum and S -- 1 -- 2 -- Shipwrecks, amphorae and contents -- Franca Cibecchini -- Figure 1. Sud-Caveaux 1 shipwreck (France). Sampling of a Lamboglia 2 amphora full of pitch (©F. Bassemayousse). -- A -- Figure 2. The Roman Bou-Ferrer wreck (Spain). A perfectly preserved amphorae 'in situ' during the excavation of the deeper layers in 2013 (2a) -- one of the amphorae bearing traces of labels for tituli picti (2b) (©J. A. Moya). -- B -- Figure 3. The Cap Bear 3 shipwreck (France). An octopus nesting in an amphora (©P. Foliot, CNRS). -- Figure 4. The Capo Sagro 2 shipwreck (Corsica). The filter jug containing 'a family' of at least a dozen crabs of different sizes. -- Figure 5. Alistro 1 shipwreck (Corsica). Detail of the tubular amphora. (©DRASSM). -- Figure 6. Pisa-San Rossore (Italy). One of the specimens similar to the so-called 'pot du Latium', full of fish bones (©F. Cibecchini, DRASSM). -- Figure 7. Aleria 1 shipwreck (Corsica). A two-handled pot of glazed pottery production (©S. Cavillon, DRASSM). -- Amphora contents as commodities: the structure and function oftituli picti in the western Mediterranean in the 1st century AD -- Enrique García Vargas -- Figure 1. Inscription CIL XV 3657 from the Castra Praetoria (Rome), displaying the typical titulus structure found on early Spanish oil amphorae (in this case on a Tarraconensis Oliva 3 type amphora).

Figure 2. Inscription structure of Dressel 21-22 Italian amphorae as shown on a specimen from the Garum shop in Pompeii (after García Vargas et al. 2020). -- Figure 3. Epigraphic formula of Baetican salted fish amphorae found north of the Alps and example of a titulus from Mainz (after Martin-Kilcher 1994). -- Figure 4. Entries D, E and F of tituli picti on Baetican salt-fish amphorae from Mainz (after Martin-Kilcher 2002), Augst (after Martin‑KIlcher 1994), Cologne (after Ehmig 2007) and Rome (after CIL XV). -- Figure 5. Titulus Pictus on a Dressel 8 amphora from Mantua (after Mongardi 2018: 132-133, no.17). -- Figure 6. Titulus mentioning olivae ex defrutum on a Haltern 70 sherd from the outkirts of Mainz (after Ehmig 2007). -- How late antique dipinti contribute to a better knowledge of amphora contents -- Jean-Luc Fournet -- The reuse of transport amphorae as packaging containersin the Roman world: an overview -- J. Theodore Peña -- Figure 1: Upper part of Dressel 2-4 from the Casa del Menandro at Pompeii bearing three tituli picti (two visible) indicating that it was filled at least twice (Maiuri 1933, Figure 187). -- Figure 2: Neck of Dressel 2-4 of non-Egyptian origin from Quseir al'Qadim with stopper made of plaster and potsherds of Egyptian origin. Left: photo of upper surface of stopper -- centre: view of stopper from underside showing sherds -- right: profile drawing -- Figure 3: Volumetric data and content information for the four sets of amphorae from the Grado shipwreck. The mean capacity figures presented in Column 2 (on which the figures presented in Columns 3-6 are based) are presumably rounded and approximate. -- Figure 4: Data for sets of African 2, Almagro 50, and Beltrán 72 amphorae from the Cabrera 3 shipwreck. * Same die/stamping entity as one of those attested for Almagro 50s.

Archaeometric indicators: generalities and case studies -- Amphorae and residue analysis: theorical considerations -- Nicolas Garnier -- Figure 1. Main chemical families of biomarkers preserved in archaeological samples and their correspondant biological materials. -- Figure 2. IRTF spectra of the residue preserved in an amphora from the shipwreck la Madrague de Giens, with a residue of actual red wine Medoc (Garnier 2003). -- A -- B -- Figure 3. DIMS spectra of an actual raw olive oil (a) in electronic impact mode (EI 70 eV), and (b) in chemical ionization with ammonia (PCI NH3, 70 eV, Jeol mass spectrometer) (Garnier 2003). -- Figure 4. MALDI spectra of actual beeswax using (a) the 2-NPOE matrix without cationization, (b) the classical DHB matrix without cationization, and (c) the combination of the 2-NPOE matrix and cationization by silver (I) ions. Insert: detail of the Ag+-c -- Figure 5. (a) ESI-MS spectrum of actual raw olive oil after cationization by lithium ion. (b) Li+-ESI-MS/MS of triolein, main triacylglycerol from olive oil (Garnier 2003). -- Figure 6. THM-GC-MS chromatogram of the residue preserved in an amphora from the shipwreck la Madrague de Giens (Garnier 2003). -- Figure 7. GC-MS chromatogram of the second extract obtained by transbutylation in anhydrous medium of the residue preserved in an amphora from the shipwreck la Madrague de Giens. Markers of dark grape and of alcoholic fermentation are easily detected with -- Figure 8. Principal component analysis treatment of the aldaric and phenolic acid concentrations obtained from actual reference fruit and from Gallo-Roman ceramics from Annecy (red circle). -- Amphorae and residue analysis: content of amphorae and organic coatings -- Nicolas Garnier -- Alessandra Pecci.

Figure 1. Example of identification of olive oil in a Graeco-italic amphora from the Pisa San Rossore harbour (PISA‑12, Garnier 2003: 305). (a) Detection of the native triacylglycerols in the 1st lipid extract by MALDI-TOF. (b) After an adapted purificati -- Figure 2. Lipid and polyphenol analyses of 22 Roman amphorae from the Pisa San Rossore harbour (Garnier 2003). -- Figure 3. Synthesis of the results of the analysis of 65 amphorae from the DRASSM reserves(synthesis from Garnier 2003). -- Figure 4. Assessment of identification of the lipid contents in amphorae typologically defined as oil amphorae. -- Figure 5. Model for the correlation between typology and first content (without considering the re-use hypothesis). -- Figure 6. African amphorae from the Impianto Elettrico in Pompeii (Pecci and Giorgi 2019). -- GC-MS analysis of pitch from Roman amphorae from Cosa in Etruria (Italy) -- Hitomi Fujii -- Carole Mathe -- Fabienne Olmer -- Cathy Vieillescazes -- Figure 1. Wavenumbers of the characteristic bands of Grand Congloué 2 (sample: GC.2SN.6). -- Figure 2. FT-IR spectrum of sample referred GC.2SN.6. -- Figure 3. GC-MS chromatogram of sample referred GC2SN6 with extraction mode A(after trimethylsilylation). -- Figure 4. Identification of all samples by GC-MS with extraction mode A. -- Residue analysis by GC-MS and FT-IR Spectroscopy on Roman amphorae from the archaeological site 'Nuovo Mercato Testaccio' (Rome) -- Florinda Notarstefano -- Mariateresa Lettieri -- Figure 1. Samples analysed. -- Figure 2. Chromatogram of the total lipid extract of sample 5a. IS=Internal Standard (nonadecane). -- Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of sample 5: (a) in transmission mode on solid residue preserved inside the amphora -- (b) in µ-ATR mode on the inner wall of the ceramic potsherd.

Figure 4. Chromatogram of the total lipid extract of sample 9. IS=Internal Standard (nonadecane).