Proceedings of the 3rd Meeting of the Association of Ground Stone Tools Research.

• Author: Pedersen, Patrick Nørskov.
• TeilnehmendeR: Jörgensen-Lindahl, Anne.; Sørrensen, Mikkel.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2022.; ©2021.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (274 pages)

The papers in this volume focus especially on the relationship between ground stone artefacts and foodways and include archaeological and ethnographic case studies ranging from the Palaeolithic to the current era, and geographically from Africa to Europe and Asia.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Information -- Contents -- 1. Making Flour In Palaeolithic Europe. New Perspectives On Nutritional Challenges From Plant Food Processing -- Table 1: Radiocarbon dating of the Gravettian layers containing the ground stone tools object of the analysis. -- Table 2: Possible origin of the starch grains found on the tools. -- Table 3: Chemical and nutritional composition of oak, cattail, emmer and oat meals (g/100g fw)*. -- 2. The Groundstone Assemblages of Shubayqa 1 and 6, Eastern Jordan - Technological choices, Gestures and Processing Strategies of Late Hunter-Gatherers in the Qa' Shubayqa -- Table 1: Shubayqa 1 dating, for detailed overview see (Richter et al. 2017). -- Table 2: Shubayqa 6 Dating (based on (Yeomans et al. 2019). -- Table 3: Assemblage overview. -- Table 4: Strategies: Action, gestures and resulting tool shape and surface morphology based on observations of the Shubayqa material. -- Table 5: Diversity of strategies when including all tools, i.e. fragments etc. -- Table 6: Diversity of strategies when including only complete tools. -- 3. Starch Grain Analysis Of Early Neolithic (Linearbandkeramik And Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain) Contexts: Experimental Grinding Tests Of Cereals And Legumes -- Table 1: Details of the grinding activities undertaken. -- Table 2: Details of the dehusking activities undertaken. -- Table 3: Parameters of other experimental studies where grinding and/or dehusking was carried out with the aim to study starch grain modifications. Note: Pagan-Jimenez et al. (2017) was not included here as they grated manioc and sweet potatoes followed b -- 5. Macro-Lithic Tools And The Late Neolithic Economy In The Middle Morava Valley, Serbia -- Table 1: Middle Morava valley: number of rock types according to the settlements.

Table 2: Middle Morava valley: number of tool types according to the settlements. -- Table 3: Middle Morava Valley: Results of the first and second analytical steps according to settlements. -- 6. The Ecological Significance of Ground-stone axes in the Later Stone Age (LSA) of West-Central Africa -- Table 1: A chronological overview of the archaeological phases and environmental conditions of the sites discussed in the text. -- Table 2: The names of ground-stone axes in some cultures in West Africa. -- 7. The New Oasis: Potential of Use-Wear for Studying Plant Exploitation in the Gobi Desert Neolithic -- Table 1: Descriptive framework for the micropolish observed at high magnifications. -- Table 2: Most common type of post-depositional alterations observedand assessment of tool surface alteration (x=present). -- Table 3: Types of use-wear observed on the active surface of the lower implements (LI). -- Table 4: Use-wear observed on the active surface of the sample of upper implements (UI). -- Table 5: Use-wear observed on the active surface of the sample of upper implements (UI). -- Table 6: Use-wear observed on the active surface of semilunar GST(indeterminate lower of upper implement, U/L). -- 8. Above And Below: The Late Chalcolithic Ground Stone Tool Assemblage Of Tsomet Shoket -- Table 1: Breakdown of the assemblage for types and raw materials. -- Table 2: Breakdown of the ground stone tools contexts. -- 9. Grinding technologies in the Bronze Age of northern Greece: New data from the sites of Archontiko and Angelochori -- Table 1: The macrolithic categories and types of Bronze Age Archontiko. -- Table 2: The distribution of the grinding tools from Archontiko within the different occupation horizons. Horizon 1 belongs to the Late Bronze Age, while Horizons II-IV to the Early Bronze Age. The column marked with a '?' includes the specimens of uncert.

Table 3: Plenitude proportions of the grinding implements from Bronze Age Archontiko. Proportion rates are based on the estimated original size of the tool. -- Table 4: Raw material frequencies for the grinding implements from Bronze Age Archontiko. -- Table 5: Raw material frequencies for the grinding implements from Bronze Age Angelochori. -- Table 6: Manufacture ratios for the grinding implements from Bronze Age Archontiko and Angelochori. -- Table 7: Number and relation of the use surfaces of the grinding implements from Bronze Age Archontiko and Angelochori. -- Table 8: The use sequences of the grinding tools from Bronze Age Archontiko. -- Table 9: The distribution of grinding tools from Early Bronze Age Archontiko within the buildings and open areas of Phase IV. -- 10. Pounding Amid The Cliffs: Stationary Facilities And Cliff Caves In The Judean Desert, Israel -- Table 1: Corpus of stationary facilities in the cliff caves of the Judean Desert. -- 13. Telling Textures: Surface Textures May Reveal Which Grains Were Ground in Northern Ethiopia -- Table 1: Madit Grinding Handstone Surface Textures at Mezber and Ona Adi. -- Table 2: Mezber and Ona Adi Bifacial Madit Handstones. -- Table 3: Mezber and Ona Adi Bifacial Madit - Medium/Coarse Textures Combined. -- Table 4: Mezber and Ona Adi Bifacial Madit Use Surfaces. -- 1. Making Flour In Palaeolithic Europe. New Perspectives On Nutritional Challenges From Plant Food Processing -- Figure 1: The grindstone and the pestle-grinder from Bilancino (Tuscany, Central Italy). -- Figure 2: Stereomicroscope micro-photographs of the grinding surface of the Bilancino grindstoneA, peripheral area. B, grinding area (from Revedin et al. 2018, revised).

Figure 3: The sampling tests carried out on the experimental artefacts: (a) the tool is covered with high-adhesion, transparent cling film and a square with a side length of 2 cm was cut out of the film, (b) a water jet is directed onto the exposed surfac -- Figure 4: The european findings of gravettian grinding tools: 1,6, Bilancino -- 2, Paglicci str.23a -- 3, Dolni Vestonice I -- 4, Pavlov VI -- 5, Kostienki 16. -- Figure 5: a) Typha latifolia. b) a starch grain from the Bilancino grindstone.c) starch grains in the Typha rizome. -- Figure 6: Botrychium lunaria: a) the plantb) starch grains from the starch-rich root. -- Figure 7: Avena barbata spikelet: a) florets (each surrounded by lemma and palea) and the empty glumes -- note the long awn arising from the lemma. b) a floret. c) caryopsis, ventral view. -- Figure 8: Starch grains: a) a starch grain from the Paglicci pestle-grinder. b) a "gelatinized", swollen starch grain from the Paglicci pestle-grinder. c) starch grains of Avena barbata caryopses (fresh plant). d) Avena starch grains after popping. Note t -- Figure 9: The experimental production of Typha flour: a) Cattail plants (Thypha) -- b) The collection of the rhizomes -- c) Dried rhizomes of cattail -- d) The grinding of the rhizomes into flour -- e) The cooking of the Typha cakes. -- Figure 10: The processing of oats: experimenting the heat treatment on stone heated up on embers. -- 2. The Groundstone Assemblages of Shubayqa 1 and 6, Eastern Jordan - Technological choices, Gestures and Processing Strategies of Late Hunter-Gatherers in the Qa' Shubayqa -- Figure 1: Shubayqa 1 and 6 location. -- Figure 2: Shubayqa 1. -- Figure 3: Shubayqa 6. -- Figure 4: Selected examples from the Shubayqa assemblages, early and late Natufian from Shubayqa 1 and EPPN from Shubayqa 6 (photos by Alexis Pantos). -- Figure 5: Food processing strategies.

Figure 6: Archaeological examples of the different tool pairs and strategies from the Shubayqa assemblages with the transversal and longitudinal morphology of the used surfaces: M along with the related gestures: G. -- Figure 7: Strategies with all tools. -- Figure 8: Strategies with only complete tools. -- Figure 9: Lower tool active surface size. -- Figure 10: Handstone size. -- 3. Starch Grain Analysis Of Early Neolithic (Linearbandkeramik And Blicquy/Villeneuve-Saint-Germain) Contexts: Experimental Grinding Tests Of Cereals And Legumes -- Figure 1: Native (unmodified) starch grains viewed under plane polarized and cross-polarized light (x 600). A-B: einkorn -- C-D: emmer -- E-F: barley -- G-H: lentils, and I-J: peas (photos C. Cagnato). -- Figure 2: Grinding and dehusking activities. A: einkorn -- B: barley -- C: peas -- D: lentils -- E: dehusking einkorn and F: emmer (photos C. Hamon). -- Figure 3: Location of where the samples were taken from after the experimental grinding: A: einkorn -- B: barley -- C: peas -- D: lentils -- and dehusking of E: einkorn, and F: emmer (photos C. Hamon and C. Cagnato). -- Figure 4: Taking samples from the tools after processing cereals and legumes through the use of a micropipette tip and distilled water (photos C. Hamon). -- Figure 5: Grinding stones in the pit prior to being buried at Cuiry-les-Chaudardes, France (photo C. Hamon). -- Figure 6: Modifications observed in einkorn starch grains, seen in plane polarized and cross-polarized light (photos C. Cagnato). Arrows point to specific damages observed: protrusion seen from different angles (B and D), broken edges (F), and presence of.

Figure 7: Modifications observed in barley starch grains, seen in plane polarized and cross-polarized light (photos C. Cagnato). Arrows point to specific damages observed: broken, fissured, uneven edges (C, E, G), modification to the shape of the grain (I.