Excavation of later prehistoric and Roman sites along the route of the Newquay strategic road corridor, Cornwall / / Andy M. Jones ; with contributions from Ryan P Smith [and six others].

• Superior document: Archaeopress Archaeology
• VerfasserIn: Jones, Andy M.,
• TeilnehmendeR: Smith, Ryan P,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd,, [2019]; ©2019
• Year of Publication: 2019
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress archaeology.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (172 pages) :; illustrations (some color), maps (some color).

This volume presents the results of archaeological investigations on the Newquay Strategic Road and goes on to discuss the complexity of the archaeology, review the evidence for 'special' deposits and explore evidence for the deliberate closure of buildings especially in later prehistoric and Roman period Cornwall.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright page -- Contents Page -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgements -- SECTION 1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT -- Chapter 1 -- Background -- Introduction to the project -- Andy M Jones -- Report structure -- Terminology used in this report -- Location and background -- Methodology -- Figure 1.1 Location map showing archaeological features located by geophysical survey and the National Mapping Programme in the area around the Newquay Strategic Road corridor. The urban core of Newquay town centre is to the north west -- shading represents -- Figure 1.2 Results from the geophysical survey of the Newquay Strategic Road corridor and Field numbers. -- Figure 1.3 The truncated Structure 2, located at the southern end of the road corridor. -- Figure 1.4 Overview showing excavated archaeological features in relation to the results from the geophysical survey. -- Figure 1.5 Archaeological sites in the area surrounding the Newquay Strategic Road corridor, including, barrows, large enclosures, cliff castles and rounds. -- SECTION 2 INVESTIGATIONS -- Chapter 2 -- The results from the fieldwork -- Andy M Jones and Ryan P Smith -- The Middle Iron Age: circa fifth to third century cal BC -- The Late Iron Age: last century cal BC to first century AD -- The Roman period: first to fourth centuries AD -- Undated features -- Figure 2.1 Overview of the results from the excavations shown by Field and phase (Bronze Age, Middle Iron Age Late Iron Age and Roman). -- Figure 2.2 Features of Bronze Age date. Middle Bronze Age Structure 1 and Beaker pit [163] (inset). -- Figure 2.3 Features of Middle Iron Age date. Structure 2 and Structure A1. -- Figure 2.4 Plan of Middle Iron Age Structure 2 and ditch [274]. -- Figure 2.5 Plan of Middle Iron Age Structure A1.

Figure 2.6 Features of Late Iron Age date, including Hollow 1, Hollow 2, ditch [120] and Area A2. -- Figure 2.7 Plan of Late Iron Age Hollow 1. -- Figure 2.8 Plan of pits within Late Iron Age Hollow 2. -- Figure 2.9 Plan of Late Iron Age Hollow 2. -- Figure 2.10 Plan of Late Iron Age features and the north end of Field 2, ditch [120] and Area A2. -- Figure 2.11 Features of Roman period date, including Structure A3, Structure 3, Structure A6 and ditch [230]. -- Figure 2.12 Plan of Roman period Structure A3 and adjacent features. -- Figure 2.13 Plan of Roman period features in Enclosure Area, including ditches [125] and [129] and [20] and [204]. -- Figure 2.14 Plan of Roman period features to the north and west of Hollow 1. -- Figure 2.15 Plan of Roman period Structure A6 and adjacent features. -- Figure 2.16 Plan of Roman period Structure 3. -- Figure 2.17 Plan showing the location of the Romano-British enclosure, associated features and geophysical features outside the stripped area. -- SECTION 3 THE ANALYSES -- Chapter 3 -- The ceramics -- Henrietta Quinnell -- The Middle Iron Age to early Roman period sequence -- Chapter 4 -- Bronze Age -- Later Iron Age and Roman period -- The stonework -- Henrietta Quinnell -- with petrological comment by Roger Taylor -- Chapter 5 -- The flint -- Anna Lawson-Jones -- Chapter 6 -- The plant macrofossils -- Julie Jones -- Results -- Discussion -- Chapter 7 -- The charcoal -- Dana Challinor -- Discussion -- Chapter 8 -- The radiocarbon dating -- Andy M Jones -- Table 3.1 Details of Bronze Age pottery fabrics by sherd numbers and weight in grams. All material comes from Structure 1 except that from the old land surface (OLS) (218). -- Figure 3.1 Middle Bronze Age pottery P1-P4, Middle Iron Age pottery P5-P7. (Drawing Jane Read.).

Table 3.2 Details of ceramic fabrics from Structure 2 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.3 Details of ceramic fabrics from Structure A1 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.4 Details of ceramic fabrics from Hollow 1 by sherd number and weight in grams. -- Figure 3.2 Pottery of Late Iron Age and Roman date P8-P13. (Drawing Jane Read.) -- Table 3.5 Details of ceramic fabrics from Hollow 2 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.6 Details of ceramic fabrics from Area A2 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.7 Details of ceramic fabrics from Structure A3 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.8 Details of ceramic fabrics from Enclosure Area (north) by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.10 Details of ceramic fabrics from features north west of Hollow 1 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.11 Details of ceramic fabrics from Structure A6 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.9 Details of ceramic fabrics from Enclosure Area (south) ditches by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.12 Details of ceramic fabrics from Structure 3 by sherd numbers and weight in grams. -- Table 3.13 Totals of sherds by fabric, sherd numbers, weight and period. -- Table 3.14 Suggested chronology for the ceramics of different structures and areas, presented in broad sequence. -- Figure 4.1 Worked stone S1 saddle quern fragment, S2 rotary quern fragment, S4 spindle whorl fragment, S5 Cornish mortar, S6-S7 large Cornish mortars or small Trethurgy bowls. (Drawing Jane Read.) -- Figure 4.2 Worked stone S8 whetstone. (Drawing Jane Read.) -- Figure 4.3 Worked stone S12 Beach cobble with slight peck marks from anvil or hammerstone use. (Photograph: Gary Young.) -- Figure 4.4 Worked stone S13 Slate discs, S13 top right, S14 bottom right, S15 left. (Photograph Gary Young.).

Figure 4.5 Worked stone S16 split tuffaceous slate beach cobble trimmed as chopper. (Photograph Gary Young.) -- Figure 5.1 Four worked flints. The first two are of a broadly Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age date, the second two came from Bronze Age Structure 1. L1 is a cutting flake or simple knife flake from pit fill (162) -- L2 is a cortical flake scraper from cu -- Table 5.1 Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age flint. NOTE: the bags of unstratified material have been individually distinguished by letters A to G. Bag D came from Field 1, bag C from Field 2 and bag F from Field 3. Bags A, B, E and G include material fr -- Table 5.2 Bronze Age flint from Structure 1. -- Table 5.3 Other probable Bronze Age material. NOTE: the bags of unstratified material have been individually distinguished by letters A to G. Bag D came from Field 1, bag C from Field 2 and bag F from Field 3. Bags A, B, E and G include material from all -- Table 6.1 Bulk samples from the Newquay Strategic Road corridor. -- Table 6.2 Charred plant remains from the Newquay Strategic Road corridor. -- Table 7.1 Charcoal from Early and Middle Bronze Age features. -- Table 7.2 Charcoal from Middle Iron Age features. -- Table 7.3 Charcoal from Late Iron Age features. -- Table 7.4 Charcoal from Area A2, Structure A3 and Enclosure Area (north). -- Table 7.5 Charcoal from Enclosure Area (south) features. -- Table 7.6 Charcoal from Roman period features. -- Figure 7.1: Taxonomic composition of charcoal by phase (based upon fragment count, excluding indeterminates -- N=841). -- Figure 8.1 Radiocarbon date ranges from the Newquay Strategic Road corridor. -- Table 8.1 Radiocarbon determinations from Newquay Strategic Road corridor. -- SECTION 4 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 9 -- Introduction: Themes for discussion -- Andy M Jones -- Chapter 10.

Structures and boundaries: The wider later prehistoric and Roman period context -- Andy M Jones -- Chapter 11 -- Inscribing the landscape and hiding in plain view -- Andy M Jones and Graeme Kirkham -- Chapter 12 -- Review and overview -- Andy M Jones -- Bibliography -- Figure 9.1 Photograph of ring-gully [332] which is probably part of a structure of Roman period date which lies outside the road corridor. The size and form of the structure are unknown. -- Figure 9.2 Photograph showing the quartz filled gully encircling Richard Lander Iron Age house 9, looking east. -- Figure 10.1 Photograph of Pit [300] within Middle Bronze Age Structure 1. Note the lighter colour of the upper part of the pit which may represent a floor layer or infilling deposit. -- Figure 10.2 Photograph of Middle Bronze Age Structure 1 taken from the east. Note the lighter colour of the lower part of the section, which is likely to be a Bronze Age infilling deposit. -- Figure 10.3 Middle Iron Age structures in Cornwall and Devon: (1) Twinyeo structure 3, (2) Twinyeo structure 1, (3) Penryn College structure 2, (4) Twinyeo structure 2, (5) Nansledan and (6) Newquay Structure 2. -- Figure 10.4 Iron Age roundhouses in Cornwall: Camelford School structure 4, Trevelgue Head house 1, Belowda, Threemilestone houses 8 and 12, and Penmayne structure 2. -- Figure 10.5 Aerial photograph of the Manuels enclosure, showing an inner roughly circular cropmark approximately 50m diameter -- the site as a whole may have an overall diameter of around 250m. Part of the south-eastern side is preserved in the hedge bank ( -- Figure 10.6 The plotting of the cropmark enclosure at Manuels by the National Mapping Programme revealed that there are up to five concentric ditch circuits and that the space between the two inner enclosures and the next concentric ditch appears to have.

Figure 10.7 Photograph of half excavated pit [309], which may have been associated with the preparation of food.