From the Archaeological Record to Virtual Reconstruction : : The Application of Information Technologies at an Iron Age Fortified Settlement (San Chuis Hillfort, Allande, Asturias, Spain).

• Author: Molina Salido, Juana.
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2018.; ©2018.
• Year of Publication: 2018
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (207 pages)

From the Archaeological Record to Virtual Reconstruction' describes the use of New Information Technologies (IT) for the analyses and interpretation of the archaeological record of an Iron Age fortified settlement, the San Chuis Hillfort (San Martín de Beduledo, Allande, Asturias, Spain).

Table of Contents

Cover -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents Page -- List of Figures -- Note of thanks -- Objectives, support, archaeological and methodological framework -- Part I. -- Introduction: subject of study, thesis, aims and other considerations -- Figure 1. The San Chuis hillfort (right) and San Martín de Beduledo (left)1 -- Figure 2. The location of the San Chuis hillfort -- The archaeological and chronological framework: -- 1.1. The first hillforts: Iron Age I -- 1.1.1. The archaeological record -- 1.2. The transitional phase/phase Ic (6th-4th centuries cal. BC) -- 1.3. Iron Age II (4th century cal. BC - late 1st century cal. BC) -- 1.3.1. Pottery -- 1.3.2. Iron -- 1.4. The end of hillforts: Rome (late 1st century BC - 2nd century AD) -- Figure 3. Ceramic archaeological groups of central-western Cantabria during phase II: 1) Valle del Navia -- 2) W of the Cantabrian coast -- 3) Narcea Basin/S-W Cantabria -- 4) Central sector of Asturias -- 5) E coast of Asturias -- 6) Cantabrian central sector -- and -- Archaeology today: -- 2.1. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) -- 2.1.1. Spatial Data Infrastructure: a necessity -- 2.2. Virtual reconstruction and recreation: some considerations -- 2.2.1. The representation of reality over time -- 2.2.2. Virtual reality and restoration regulations -- 2.2.3. Some concepts -- 2.2.4. The virtual object -- 2.2.5. 3D modelling methods and techniques -- 2.2.6. Recent relevant research -- Part II. -- The San Chuis hillfort -- Figure 4. From Le pitture antiche d'Ercolano e contorni incise con qualque spiegazione. Tomo secondo. Tavola LII, p. 281, by Francesco Cepparoli and Nicola Vanni (1760, Reale Academia Ercolanese), http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/3957/grabados/3.

Figure 5. Thebes, Memnonium. Plan and elevation of the tomb of Ozymandyas, restored following Diodorus of Sicily. From Description de l'Egypte, Vol II, 1821-1829, http://www.wdl.org/es/item/520/view/1/36/ -- Figure 6. Botta, Monument de Ninive découvert et décrit par M. P. E. Botta, mesuré et dessiné par M. E. Flandin. From General Research Division, The New York Public Library (1849-1850). Façade L. Plan et élévation des faces sud-ouest, sud-est, et de la -- Figure 7. Monuments of Nineveh, from drawings made on the spot by Austen Henry Layard, Esq., D.C.L. Illustrated in one hundred plates, 1849. The New York Public Library. Hall in Assyrian palace, restored (1849). Recovered from http://digitalcollections. -- Figure 8. Ninive et l'Assyrie par Victor Place avec des essais de restauration par Félix Thomas, 1867-1870. Ville. Porte ornée et portion de l'enceinte. General Research Division, The New York Public Library (1867-1870). Recovered from http://digitalcol -- Figure 9. The WINSOM computer model of the Old Minster, Winchester. © Winchester Excavations Committee and IBM, UK. Information Technology in Humanities Scholarship, British Library Research and Development Report 6097, London 1993: 14 -- Figure 10. Left: points cloud obtained by scanner ready to be processed in this case in MeshLab. Below left: already triangulated mesh. Right: the model already processed and textured. From Dibujo Arqueológico 3D, http://dibujoarqueologico3d.blogspot.co -- Figure 11. Digital model of a site made by photogrammetry. From Digitalización automática del patrimonio arqueológico a partir de fotogrametría (Ortiz Coder 2013: 48).

Figure 13. Area beyond the Coaña hillfort (Antonio García y Bellido 1942). From http://ocw.unican.es/humanidades/historia-antigua-de-la-peninsula-iberica/material-de-clase-1/modulo-5.-la-cultura-material-en-la-hispania/skinless_view -- Figure 14. 3D Reconstruction of the twinned enclosure and adaptation to the terrain of the Estrella fillfort. After López Fraile et al. 2009: 86 -- Figure 15. Infography of the archaeological site of Cerro de la Gavia. After López Fraile et al. 2009: 87 -- Figure 17. Screenshot showing the interior of the cabin of Las Camas -- the organic material framework of the walls and large central posts are visible. From Arqueo AUDEMA, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnJrVCPL-LM. 2005 -- Figure 18. Infography of the La Guirnalda house showing the different areas defined. After Agustí García et al. 2012: 176-178 -- Figure 20. Overview and detail of Las Merchanas and Lugar Viejo hillforts. From the website Territorio Vetón of Diputación de Salamanca. Yecla de Yeltes on the left (http://www.salamancaterritorioveton.com/territorio_veton.php) and from Romero Serra, Rojo -- Figure 21. House reconstruction. After Romero Serra, Rojo Ariza and Martínez Gil 2013: 17, and Diputación de Salamanca -- Guillem Hernàndez Pongiluppi and Eusebi Malvárez López -- Figure 22. House C of the Mesa de Miranda hillfort (Chamartín, Ávila). On the left, an image montage showing roof reconstruction. On the right, elevation and profile. After Ortiz Moreno 2012 -- Figure 23. Stills from a video on the Checa/Castil-Griegos hillfort. From http://revives.es/checa/prehistoria/, 2012 -- Figure 24. The Celtiberian hillfort of Ceremeño (Herrería, Guadalajara). Shown (above) is a virtual reconstruction of Ceremeño I, which was destroyed by a fire, and (below) the later reconstruction realised in the same (5th) century, or Ceremeño II. From.

Figure 25. Numancia. Celtiberian house (2nd century BC). From https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=27&amp -- v=MrouaZkeOUY (modified), 2011 -- Figures 26 &amp -- 27. (Above) Celtiberian house virtual reconstruction (Segeda site, Mara, Zaragoza) and (below) in Figure 27, detail of the interior of the village and wall. Screenshots taken from the documentary Segeda, The Celtiberian City (Segeda, la ciud -- Figure 28. Virtual reconstruction of Segeda area 3. At first it was used as housing and warehouses, but following the ethnic Titos arrival was reconverted into manufacturing space and workshops in the urban remodelling. Screenshots from the documentary Se -- Figure 29. The Elviña hillfort, La Coruña (Galicia, Spain). Screenshots from http://videalab.udc.es/es/castro_de_elvina (modified) -- Figure 30. The Viladonga hillfort in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, then a small settlement without walls. From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHUEpbNAbz4 -- Figure 32. The Viladonga hillfort after the Roman occupation, during which it reached its maximum extent and was walled. Of note is the combination of houses of Roman type, covered with tiles and quadrangular in shape, with circular houses of the indigen -- Figure 34. Outline corresponding to an elongated crossbar fibula from Chao Samartín. From the 3D catalogue of the MUVICC, http://www.muvicc.es/catalogo.html -- Figure 35. Virtual recreation of the Goiás hillfort (Deza, Pontevedra, Spain), within the DepoDeza Project. From http://www.depodeza.depo.es/web/portal-web -- Figure 36. The Campa Torres hillfort (Gijón, Asturias, Spain). Above, images of module walling, and below reconstructions of the housing and well. Screenshots from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJimML5GJjE (modified).

Figure 37. Caer Drewyn hillfort, Wales. This began as a small settlement before becoming a village. There were no empty spaces, but as the central space has not been excavated the designers have chosen not to place anything in the area. From VixWorx Ltd. -- Figure 38. Dinas Bran hillfort in Llangollen (Denbighshire, Wales). It begins as a small nucleus that expands over time. The empty spaces have not been excavated. From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S61K45iLnIU (modified) -- Figure 39. Dinas Dinlle hillfort (Gwynedd, Caernarfonshire). From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEPCAhQgrak (modified) -- Figure 40. Oppidum of Corent (Puy-de-Dôme). From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRGJZydZwc (modified) -- Figure 41. Acy Romance (Ardennes). From http://www.gaulois.ardennes.culture.fr/#/fr/annexe/visite/t=Visite (modified) -- The San Chuis hillfort -- 3.1. Geographical, geological and stratigraphic framework of the hillfort -- 3.1.1. Geology and geomorphology of the Asturian West -- 3.1.2. The hillfort -- 3.2. Archaeological excavations -- 3.2.1. 1962 and 1963 campaigns -- 3.2.2. 1979 campaign -- 3.2.3. 1980 campaign -- 3.2.4. 1981 campaign -- 3.2.5. 1983 campaign -- 3.2.6. 1984 campaign -- 3.2.7. 1985 campaign -- 3.2.8. 1986 campaign -- 3.3. Georadar and geophysical prospection -- 3.4 The archaeological record -- 3.4.1. Stratigraphy, radiocarbon and chronology -- 3.4.2. Architecture and urbanism -- 3.4.3. Pottery -- 3.4.5. The sculpture -- 3.4.6. Metallic material analysis -- 3.4.7. Lithic material -- 3.4.8. Charcoal analysis -- 3.4.9. Zooarchaeology -- Part III. -- What was achieved and how -- Figure 42. Stratigraphic and structural zones of Asturias. The W area is located within the western Asturian-Leonese Zone (zona Asturoccidental-leonesa), characterised by siliciclastic rocks of marine origin, subject to a degree of regional metamorphism.

Figure 43. Morphostructural zoning of Asturias. San Chuis is located in zone 1a. From Flor Blanco et al. 2003: 4 (modified).