Continuity and change in Etruscan domestic architecture /

Continuity and change in Etruscan domestic architecture / / Paul M. Miller.

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Etruscan architecture underwent various changes between the later Iron Age and the Archaic period. This book reconsiders these changes by focusing on the building materials and techniques used in the construction of domestic structures.

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Miller, Paul M. (Archaeologist),
Place / Publishing House:Oxford, England : : Archaeopress Publishing Limited,, [2017]
©2017
Year of Publication:2017
Language:English
Physical Description:1 online resource (XV, 272 p. : ill.)
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Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Copyright Information
  • Contents
  • Abstract
  • Acknowledgments
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 Book outline
  • Chapter 2: Theory, methods and a review of the literature
  • 2.1 Theory
  • 2.1.1 Amos Rapoport and Environment-Behaviour Relations
  • 2.1.2 Behaviour
  • 2.1.3 Traditional, habitually innovative and actively innovative behaviours
  • the process of changing behaviour
  • 2.1.4 Conclusions
  • 2.2 Methods
  • 2.2.1 Identifying Techniques
  • 2.2.2 Working from concept to abandonment
  • chaîne opératoire and architecture
  • 2.2.3 Conclusions
  • 2.3 Domestic architectural change in context
  • 2.3.1 Socio-cultural changes in the broader historical context
  • 2.3.1.1 Changing society in Early Iron Age Etruria
  • 2.3.1.2 Changing society in Orientalising and early Archaic period Etruria
  • 2.3.2 Socio-cultural changes in relation to architecture
  • 2.4 A review of the literature on four key sites
  • 2.4.1 San Giovenale
  • 2.4.2 Acquarossa
  • 2.4.3 Lago dell'Accesa
  • 2.4.4 Poggio Civitate (Murlo)
  • 2.4.5 Conclusions
  • 2.5 Conclusion
  • Chapter 3: The foundations of early Etruscan buildings, 800-625 BC
  • 3.1 Foundation Type 1
  • 3.1.1 Ground preparation
  • 3.1.2 Wall footings
  • 3.1.3 Flooring
  • 3.1.4 Roof supports
  • 3.1.5 Rectangular Foundation Type 1 buildings
  • 3.2 Foundation Type 2
  • 3.2.1 Ground preparation
  • 3.2.2 Wall footings
  • 3.2.2.1 Robust and refined socles: a sign of technological sophistication?
  • 3.2.3 Flooring
  • 3.2.4 Roof supports
  • 3.3 Foundation Type 3
  • 3.3.1 Wall footings
  • 3.3.1.1 The interaction between bedrock and rubble in the Large Iron Age Building
  • 3.3.1.2 The shelf wall footings of San Giovenale Area F East's House I
  • 3.3.2 Flooring
  • 3.3.3 Roof supports
  • 3.3.4 Élite residence or communal building? A discussion of function and social stratification
  • 3.4 Conclusions.
  • Chapter 4: The foundations of Orientalising and early Archaic period Etruscan buildings, 625-500 BC
  • 4.1 Foundation Type 4
  • 4.1.1 Ground preparation
  • 4.1.2 Wall footings
  • 4.1.3 Flooring
  • 4.1.4 Roof supports
  • 4.1.5 The importance of the courtyard and the appearance of the building unit
  • 4.2 Foundation Type 5
  • 4.2.1 Ground preparation
  • 4.2.2 Wall footings
  • 4.2.3 Flooring
  • 4.2.4 Roof supports
  • 4.2.5 Variability in Type 5 foundations
  • 4.3 Conclusions
  • 4.3.1 The traditional and innovative techniques of Foundation Type 4
  • 4.3.2 The traditional and innovative techniques of Foundation Type 5
  • 4.3.3 Is there a discernable difference in the foundations between a 'hut' and a 'house'?
  • Chapter 5: The walls and roofs of Etruscan domestic structures, 800-500 BC
  • 5.1 Walls
  • 5.1.1 Defining non-stone walling techniques
  • 5.1.1.1 Wattle
  • 5.1.1.2 Wattle vs. graticcio
  • 5.1.1.3 Pisé
  • 5.1.1.4 Wall footings and the identification of non-stone walling
  • 5.1.1.5 Mud brick
  • 5.1.2 Defining stone walling techniques and the debate over the timber-to-stone transition in Etruscan architecture
  • 5.1.3 Evidence of wall types
  • 5.1.3.1 Direct evidence of wall techniques
  • 5.1.3.2 Circumstantial evidence of walling techniques
  • 5.1.3.3 Stone walling techniques and circumstantial evidence
  • 5.1.4 Conclusions on walls
  • 5.2 Roofs
  • 5.2.1 Ö. Wikander's typology and C. Wikander's model: The established concepts of seventh- and sixth-century tile roofing
  • 5.2.2 The transition between hipped and saddle roofing types
  • 5.2.3 Conclusions on roofs
  • 5.3 Conclusions
  • Chapter 6: Material Procurement, Production and Use
  • 6.1 The difference between building materials and building techniques
  • 6.2 Was there a transition in raw material procurement, composition or use from 800-500 BC?
  • 6.2.1 Stone
  • 6.2.2 Timber.
  • 6.2.2.1 The environmental impact of timber procurement and its effect on Etruscan domestic architecture
  • 6.2.3 Clay and cane
  • 6.2.4 Conclusions
  • 6.3 How did the production and use of manufactured building materials change from 800-500 BC?
  • 6.3.1 800-700 BC
  • 6.3.2 699-600 BC
  • 6.3.2.1 Clay-revetted thatch and the early manufacture of terracotta tiles
  • 6.3.2.2 Why does ashlar tufa stone production and use stand out?
  • 6.3.3 599-500 BC
  • 6.4 Were changes in architecture a result of new materials?
  • 6.5 Conclusions
  • Chapter 7: Conclusions
  • 7.1 Reasons for change
  • building techniques in Etruscan domestic architecture from 800-500 BC
  • 7.1.1 What instigated the innovations in foundation techniques?
  • 7.1.2 Is there evidence for innovation in walling techniques?
  • 7.1.3 What triggered the transitions in the construction of Etruscan roofs?
  • 7.1.4 Summary of primary results
  • 7.2 The broader implications and limitations of this book
  • 7.2.1 The place of this book within the scholarly literature
  • The broader implications of research on building techniques
  • 7.2.2 Limitations of this study
  • 7.2.2.1 Limits of the evidence
  • 7.2.2.2 Other weaknesses in the evidence
  • Glossary
  • Bibliography
  • Figure 2.1. The "model of evaluative process", used in EBR studies (Rapoport 2000: 146).
  • Figure 2.2. This sequence of morphogenesis in cognitive structures (e.g. habitus) outlines how the individual or the group alter the established habitus. 'Relation (a)' is the social conditioning on the agent and 'Relation (b)' is the unconscious or consc
  • Figure 2.3. Tomba della Campana at Veii based on Canina's (1847: pl. 31) inscription (Leighton 2005: 376).
  • Figure 2.4. Map of Etruria (after Catalli 2001: 89).
  • Figure 2.5. Plan of San Giovenale Area F East (after Karlsson 2006), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 2.6. Plan of the Borgo quarter at San Giovenale (Pohl 2009: pl. 114), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 2.7. Plan of San Giovenale Area E at the end of excavation (Pohl 1977: fig. 1, p. 14), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 2.8. Plan 3 of Capanna I at San Giovenale Area D (Malcus 1984: fig. 21, p. 50), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 2.9. Plan of Acquarossa Zones C and F (Persson 1994: fig. 6, p. 297), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 2.10. Plan of Lago dell'Accesa Area A (after Camporeale 1985: 132-133).
  • Figure 2.11. Plan of Poggio Civitate (Berkin 2003: 9), courtesy of J. Berkin.
  • Figure 2.12. Section of the agger at Poggio Civitate (Phillips 1967: fig. 20), courtesy of American Journal of Archaeology and Archaeological Institute of America.
  • Figure 3.1. Plan of Capanna I at San Giovenale Area D (Malcus 1984: fig. 21, p. 50), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.2. Plan of the Rectangular Timber Building under the fifth century BC rampart at Veii (Ward-Perkins 1959: 51).
  • Figure 3.3. Plan of San Giovenale Area E at the end of excavation (Pohl 1977: fig. 1, p. 14), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.4. Plan of San Giovenale Area F East during the Iron Age (prehistoric remains) (Karlsson 2006: fig. 264, p. 139), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.5. Site map of Sorgenti della Nova with Section III encircled (Dolfini 2013: 136).
  • Figure 3.6. Plan of the so-called "Timber Structure from the Earliest Age" (Ward-Perkins 1959: 52).
  • Figure 3.7. Section (top) and plan (bottom) of Sorgenti della Nova Section III (Negroni Catacchio 1995: 96)
  • courtesy of Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria.
  • Figure 3.8. Plan of Calvario sui Monterozzi at Tarquinia (after Linington 1982: 252).
  • Figure 3.9. Channels of the southern end of Abitazione 2 from Sorgenti della Nova Section III, including several postholes and exterior channels of uncertain function (Dolfini 2002: 21), courtesy of Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia.
  • Figure 3.10. Section of San Giovenale Area E's Oval Hut I (Pohl 1977: fig. 7, p. 18), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.11. Abitazione 6 from Section IX at Sorgenti della Nova during excavation (Negroni Catacchio and Cardosa 2007: 111), courtesy of Centro Studi di Preistoria e Archeologia. Note the erosion on the bedrock at the right side of the picture.
  • Figure 3.12. Plan of the Iron Age capanna at Fidene. Areas marked with the number 1 on the plan indicate the presence of the tufa bench/bank (Bietti Sestieri and de Santis 2001: fig. 3, p. 213), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institute
  • Figure 3.13. Modern reconstruction of an Iron Age capanna at Fidene (Bietti Sestieri and de Santis 2001: fig. 2, p. 212), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.14. Site plan of Montereggioni-Campassini (Bartoloni 2001: fig. 7, p. 364), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.
  • Figure 3.15. Diagram of four different types of roof supports (after Büchsenschütz 2001: fig. 6, p. 226), courtesy of the Editorial Committee of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome.

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