Reinterpreting chronology and society at the mortuary complex of Jebel Moya (Sudan) / / Jonathan Brass.

• Superior document: Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology ; v.92
• VerfasserIn: Brass, Michael Jonathan, 1977-
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford, England : : Archaeopress Publishing Limited,, [2016]; ©2016
• Year of Publication: 2016
• Language: English
• Series: Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (206 pages)

Jebel Moya (south-central Sudan) is the largest known pastoral cemetery in sub- Saharan Africa with more than 3100 excavated human burials. This research revises our understanding of Jebel Moya and its context.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Copyright Information -- Contents -- _GoBack -- Figure 1.1 The location of Jebel Moya in south-central Sudan. Adapted from Edwards (1989: Figure 1) and Winchell (2013: Figure 1.2). -- Figure 1.2 View of the Jebel Moya excavations from the north-west. Reproduced from the Griffiths Institute's photographic archive with permission. -- Figure 3.1 Form of vessels as reconstructed by Addison and the Maryleborne staff. From Addison (1949: Plate LXXXIX). -- Figure 3.2 Addison's Impressed Ware divided into four sections, A-B in the top row and C-D in the bottom row. From Addison (1949: Plate XCIV). -- Figure 3.3 Bone pottery decoration tools found in unspecified context at Jebel Moya. (1) A potential toothed rocker, (2) too damaged to identify, (3 &amp -- 7) toothed rockers, (4) stylus, (5, 8 &amp -- 9) combs, and (6) a spatula stylus. They can be used to make dra -- Figure 3.4 Rolled/everted rim from the Jebel Moya-like pottery found at Rabak, termed 'Rabak Ware' by Haaland. From Haaland (1987: 57). -- Figure 3.5 Manzo's categories: a-b external thickened rims mostly from large jars, c-d zone impressed with straight or slightly everted rims, and e-f rims with comb-impressed bands or incised rim bands. From Manzo (2011: Figure 2). -- Figure 3.6 Gerharz's Phase II Incised and Rocked pottery with horizontal bands filled with comb-pricked designs. From Gerharz (1994: Figure 47 (1-5)) -- Figure 3.7 Gerharz's Phase II Incised and Rocked pottery related to C-Group and Kerma pottery. From Gerharz (1994: Figure 47 (6-9)) -- Figure 3.8 Gerharz's Phase III pottery (1) claimed to represented at Napatan and Meroitic sites to the north (2-4: Kadada, Sennar, Amir). From Gerharz (1994: Figure 50). -- Figure 3.9 "Egyptian-style" beaker from Gerharz's Phase III. From Gerharz (1994: Figure 56(3)).

Figure 3.10 Sherd from Tray JM6 (British Museum, 6cm width at rim) of a type previously mistaken as resembling Kerma or C-Group Wares. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Trustees of the British Museum. -- Figure 3.11 Jebel Moya: Assemblage 1: (a) body sherd 2 - 3mm thick with comb-stamped decoration -- (b) rim and body sherd 3 mm thick with comb-stamped and pivoted comb décor -- (c) body sherd 5 - 6 mm thick with dragged comb lines and stamped comb décor -- (d) -- Figure 3.12 Jebel Moya: Assemblage 2: (a) thick, rolled everted rim and body sherd 5 -10mm thick with dragged comb chevrons on the rim and a comb-stamped line under the lip -- (b) thick, rolled everted rim and body sherd 3 - 24mm thick with dragged comb che -- Figure 3.13 Jebel Moya: Assemblage 3: (a) body sherd 2.5 - 4.5mm thick with comb-stamped angular lines forming quadrangles -- (b) simple rim and body sherd 3 - 6mm thick with two comb-stamped channels under the lip and comb-stamped triangles on the body -- (c -- Figure 3.14 Jebel Moya: The spatial distribution of pottery (red) in recorded association with human burials (grey). From Brass and Schwenniger (2013: Figure 6). -- Figure 3.15 Jebel Moya: The plotted luminescence date intervals from the Assemblage 2 and 3 samples which fall into two distinct clusters. The Assemblage 1 range is hypothetical based on Caneva (1991). From Brass and Schwenniger (2013: Figure 7). -- Figure 3.16 Jebel Moya: The relative density of burials-with-grave-goods to burials-without-grave-goods is greater in the southwest and north (&gt -- 0.5) than in the east and northeast. The overall ration of burials-with-grave-goods to all burials is 1108/3135 -- Figure 3.17 Cardinal co-ordinates and their frequency for burials-without-goods across the site. -- Figure 3.18 Cardinal co-ordinates and their frequency for burials-with-goods across the site.

Figure 3.19 Abu Geili: Pottery: 1 - 3 and 5 stylus-stamped wavy lines. 4 and 6 - 9 comb-stamped decoration sometimes within incised lines. All are burnished black and brown sherds originally infilled with red pigment. From Crawford and Addison (1951: Plat -- Figure 3.20 Abu Geili: Locally produced wheel-made pottery. From Crawford and Addison (1951: Plate XLIII). -- Figure 3.21 Abu Geili: Painted Meroitic pottery. From Crawford and Addison (1951: Plate XLA). -- Figure 4.1 The distribution of claimed fireplaces and floors in the different squares and through the stratigraphy. From Addison (1949: Figures 79-80). -- Figure 4.2 (1) Mud plaster remnants of wattle &amp -- daub structure, (2) claimed floor, (3 &amp -- 4) hardened clay impregnated with calcium carbonate, formerly claimed by the excavators and Addison to be a living floor. From Addison (1949: Plate XXXV). -- Figure 4.3 Hardened earth, claimed by Addison to be a tukl (grass hut) floor. From Addison (1949: Plate XXXVI 2). -- Figure 4.4 A pot or pots crushed under pressure but claimed by Addison to be a flooring of red-ware sherds. From Addison (1949: Plate XXXVI 3). -- Figure 4.5 Addison's plan showing the location of claimed floors over the site. From Addison (1949: Figure 81). -- Figure 4.6 Six small stone structures which were located in the south-east portion of the East sector of the cemetery and recorded in Oric Bates' diary from the second field season, 1911 - 12. -- Figure 4.7 Examples of mud plastered, barrel-shaped pits serving as ovens. From Addison (1949: Plate XXXVII). -- Figure 4.8 Two ovens from square M.5, N.6 which cut through the 'third flooring' marked in Figure 4.1b. From Addison (1949: Plate XXXVIII 2).

Figure 4.9 Mapping of the surface of Stratum C in relation to the modern ground surface at the time of excavation across the excavated sectors of the valley. From Addison (1949: Figure 5). -- Figure 4.10 Reconstruction of the number of burials (vertical axis) dug from levels above and below the surface of Stratum C (horizontal axis) for the South-West sector. -- Figure 4.11 Reconstruction of the number of burials (vertical axis) dug from levels above and below the surface of Stratum C (horizontal axis) for the East sector. -- Figure 4.12 Reconstruction of the number of burials (vertical axis) dug from levels above and below the surface of Stratum C (horizontal axis) for the North-West sector. -- Figure 4.13 Reconstruction of the number of burials (vertical axis) dug from levels above and below the surface of Stratum C (horizontal axis) for the North-East sector. -- Figure 5.1 Mahalanobis D2 technique applied to Jebel Moya and comparative African samples to determine population affinity. From Mukherjee et al. (1955: 85). -- Figure 5.2 14 trait Mahalabois D2 distance on dental records using Multi-Dimensional Scaling. The triangles are sub-Saharans, with the black squares representing Saharan populations. From Irish and Konigsberg (2007: Figure 3). -- Figure 6.1 Jebel Moya: the relative density of burials with grave goods (red) to burials without grave goods (yellow) is greater in the south-west and north-west (&gt -- 0.5) than in the east and north-east. -- Figure 6.2 Burial distribution of individuals categorised as Infants by the original field anthropologists. -- Figure 6.3 Burial distribution of individuals categorised as Juveniles by the original field anthropologists. -- Figure 6.4 Burial distribution of individuals categorised as Young Adults by the original field anthropologists.

Figure 6.5 Occurrence of raw materials amongst the burials of the South-West, North-West, East and North-East per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.6 Occurrence of artefact categories amongst the burials of the South-West per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.7 Occurrence of raw materials amongst the burials of the North-West per (a) adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.9 Occurrence of raw materials amongst the burials of the North-East per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.10 Occurrence of artefact categories amongst the burials of the North-East per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.11 Occurrence of raw materials amongst the burials of the East per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.12 Occurrence of artefact categories amongst the burials of the East per adult female and adult male burials. Each sex category includes those tentatively assigned to it. -- Figure 6.13 Correspondence analysis of the artefact categories against all burials across the cemetery with accompanying burial assemblages. -- Figure 6.14 Correspondence analysis of the raw material categories against all burials across the cemetery with accompanying burial assemblages. -- Figure 6.15 Correspondence analysis against burials containing the 20 most commonly occurring types of artefact categories. -- Figure 6.16 Correspondence analysis against burials containing the 20 most commonly occurring types of raw material categories.

Figure 6.17 Pair Correlation Function plot of richer burials versus each across all sectors of the cemetery. X-axis: metres out from any given rich burial. Y-axis: an estimate of the density of neighbouring rich graves for difference distances along the x.