New Home, New Herds.

The Cumans are known to history as nomadic, mounted warriors. Some arrived in the Hungarian Kingdom in the mid-thirteenth century seeking asylum, eventually settling and integrating. This study collects historical, ethnographic and archaeological information on the animal husbandry aspect of the dev...

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Bibliographic Details
Superior document:Archaeolingua Central European Archaeological Heritage ; v.10
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Place / Publishing House:Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2018.
©2018.
Year of Publication:2018
Language:English
Series:Archaeolingua Central European Archaeological Heritage
Physical Description:1 online resource (338 pages)
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Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Title page
  • Copyright Page
  • Table of Contents
  • Acknowledgements
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1 Cuman history in perspective
  • 1.1 Early Cuman history - an outline
  • 1.2 Cuman economic life on the steppe before the migration to Hungary
  • 1.3 The Cumans' arrival in Hungary and the steps of integration into feudal society
  • 1.4 Cuman integration in the Hungarian scholarship. A short overview
  • Chapter 2 Methodological concerns
  • 2.1 Cumans in the written sources and in the archaeological record: The question of identification
  • The size of the migrating group
  • Distinguishing markers
  • Cuman legal status
  • Identifying Cumans in the archaeological record
  • The social dimension: nobility and commoners
  • 2.2 Nomadism
  • 2.3 Methods and types of evidence utilized in this study
  • Archaeozoological evidence and methodology
  • Chapter 3 Cuman economic orientation in Hungary
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.1.1 Economic background: transformations in Hungarian agriculture in the time of the Cuman integration
  • 3.2 The Cumans in Greater Cumania
  • 3.2.1 Textual evidence: the short history of Cumans in the region
  • 3.2.2 The archaeological sites
  • 3.2.2.1 Orgondaszentmiklós
  • 3.2.2.2 Asszonyszállás
  • 3.2.2.3 Kolbazszállás
  • 3.2.2.4 Móric
  • 3.2.3 Summary
  • 3.3 The Cumans in Lesser Cumania
  • 3.3.1 Textual evidence: a short history of Cumans in the region
  • 3.3.1.1 The Cuman presence
  • 3.3.1.2 The Seat of Halas
  • 3.3.1.3 The Seat of Kecskemét
  • 3.3.1.4 The Seat of Kara / Mizse
  • 3.3.1.5 Summary
  • 3.3.2.1 Csengele
  • 3.3.2.2 Kiskunhalas-Dong-ér
  • 3.3.2.3 Kiskunfélegyháza-Templomdomb
  • 3.3.2.4 Szentkirály
  • 3.3.2.5 Summary
  • 3.4 The Cumans in Transdanubia
  • 3.4.1 The short history of Cumans in Transdanubia and the Seat of Hantos
  • 3.4.2 The archaeological site of Perkáta
  • 3.4.3 Summary
  • 3.5 Two sites on the periphery.
  • 3.5.1 Gorzsa
  • 3.5.1.1 Gorzsa in the written sources and the presence of Cumans in the region
  • 3.5.1.2 The question of Cuman presence
  • 3.5.1.3 The archaeological material of Gorzsa
  • 3.5.2 Tiszagyenda
  • 3.5.2.1 The villages of Gyenda and Lak in the written sources and the question of the Cuman presence
  • 3.5.2.2 The archaeological material of Tiszagyenda
  • 3.5.3 Summary
  • 3.6 Cuman animal husbandry in the Great Plain. General trends and data quantification
  • Taxonomic richness
  • Herd structure
  • 3.7 Summary
  • Chapter 4 Exploitation of the environment
  • 4.1 Pastures, hay cultivation and forests
  • 4.1.1 Pastures
  • 4.1.2 Hay and other plant fodders
  • 4.1.3 Forests and wetlands
  • 4.1.4 Grazing rights
  • 4.2 Fishing, fowling and hunting
  • 4.2.1 Fishing
  • 4.2.2 Fowling
  • 4.2.3 Hunting and wild game management
  • 4.3 Summary
  • Chapter 5 Processing the animal body
  • 5.1 Beasts for the feast. Production patterns of carcass parts, meat preferences and animal-related food products
  • 5.2 Beasts for the afterlife: Animal bodies in Cuman ritual contexts
  • 5.2.1 Animals involved in burial contexts
  • 5.2.1.1 The equestrian graves
  • 5.2.1.2 Dogs in burial contexts
  • 5.2.1.3 Animal bones as food offerings and amulets in graves
  • 5.2.2 Animals in other ritual contexts
  • 5.3 Animals as raw material: worked bones, hide and wool
  • 5.3.1 Bone working
  • 5.3.1.1 Class I bone tools
  • "Bone skates"
  • Bone anvils
  • Gaming pieces
  • Pin holders / needle holders
  • Ornamented plates and buckles
  • Bone amulets
  • Other bone objects
  • 5.3.1.2 Ad hoc, opportunistic tools
  • 5.3.1.3 Debris and unprocessed pieces of raw material
  • 5.3.2 Wool and leather
  • 5.4 Summary
  • Chapter 6 Caring for sick beasts: pathologies, livestock health and veterinary treatment
  • 6.1 What can pathological specimens reveal? Methods, possibilities and limitations.
  • 6.2 Pathological phenomena at the studied medieval sites. A general overview
  • 6.3 Traumatic injuries
  • 6.4 Possibly work-related pathologies and arthropathies
  • 6.4.1 Work-related pathologies and arthropathies in horses
  • 6.4.2 Work-related pathologies and arthropathies in cattle
  • 6.4.3 Arthropathies in other species
  • 6.5 Dental abnormalities and oral pathology
  • 6.6 Other lesions
  • 6.7 Summary
  • Chapter 7 Conclusions
  • Bibliography
  • 8.1 Primary sources
  • 8.2 Secondary literature
  • Appendix
  • 9.1 A detailed list of archaeological sites compared in the archaeozoological analysis
  • 9.2 Species names: Latin and vernacular names of animal species used in the text
  • 9.3 List of tables, figures and diagrams in the text
  • Tables
  • Figures
  • Diagrams
  • 9.4 Appendix to Chapter 3.2 Greater Cumania
  • 9.5 Appendix to Chapter 3.3 Lesser Cumania
  • 9.6 Appendix to Chapter 3.5 Sites on the periphery
  • Gorzsa (Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa-Sand Mine no. 10)
  • Tiszagyenda (Tiszagyenda-Morotva part-Lak)
  • 9.7 Appendix to Chapter 3.6 Cuman animal husbandry in the Great Plain. General trends and quantification
  • 9.8 Appendix to Chapter 5.1 Beasts for the feast
  • 9.9 Appendix to Chapter 5.3. Catalogue of bone tools
  • A. Class I tools
  • B. Class II (ad hoc tools)
  • C. Debris and unprocessed raw material
  • D. Amulets and jewels
  • 9.10 Appendix to Chapter 6. A detailed list of pathological lesions
  • A. Traumatic injuries
  • B. Infections, neoplastic and tumorous bones
  • C. Dental anomalies and oral patology
  • D. Possible work-related pathologies and arthropaties
  • E. Other lesions
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