New Home, New Herds.
The Cumans are known to history as nomadic, mounted warriors. Some arrived in the Hungarian Kingdom in the mid-thirteenth century seeking asylum, eventually settling and integrating. This study collects historical, ethnographic and archaeological information on the animal husbandry aspect of the dev...
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Superior document: | Archaeolingua Central European Archaeological Heritage ; v.10 |
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Place / Publishing House: | Oxford : : Archaeopress,, 2018. ©2018. |
Year of Publication: | 2018 |
Language: | English |
Series: | Archaeolingua Central European Archaeological Heritage
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Physical Description: | 1 online resource (338 pages) |
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Table of Contents:
- Cover
- Title page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- Acknowledgements
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Cuman history in perspective
- 1.1 Early Cuman history - an outline
- 1.2 Cuman economic life on the steppe before the migration to Hungary
- 1.3 The Cumans' arrival in Hungary and the steps of integration into feudal society
- 1.4 Cuman integration in the Hungarian scholarship. A short overview
- Chapter 2 Methodological concerns
- 2.1 Cumans in the written sources and in the archaeological record: The question of identification
- The size of the migrating group
- Distinguishing markers
- Cuman legal status
- Identifying Cumans in the archaeological record
- The social dimension: nobility and commoners
- 2.2 Nomadism
- 2.3 Methods and types of evidence utilized in this study
- Archaeozoological evidence and methodology
- Chapter 3 Cuman economic orientation in Hungary
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.1.1 Economic background: transformations in Hungarian agriculture in the time of the Cuman integration
- 3.2 The Cumans in Greater Cumania
- 3.2.1 Textual evidence: the short history of Cumans in the region
- 3.2.2 The archaeological sites
- 3.2.2.1 Orgondaszentmiklós
- 3.2.2.2 Asszonyszállás
- 3.2.2.3 Kolbazszállás
- 3.2.2.4 Móric
- 3.2.3 Summary
- 3.3 The Cumans in Lesser Cumania
- 3.3.1 Textual evidence: a short history of Cumans in the region
- 3.3.1.1 The Cuman presence
- 3.3.1.2 The Seat of Halas
- 3.3.1.3 The Seat of Kecskemét
- 3.3.1.4 The Seat of Kara / Mizse
- 3.3.1.5 Summary
- 3.3.2.1 Csengele
- 3.3.2.2 Kiskunhalas-Dong-ér
- 3.3.2.3 Kiskunfélegyháza-Templomdomb
- 3.3.2.4 Szentkirály
- 3.3.2.5 Summary
- 3.4 The Cumans in Transdanubia
- 3.4.1 The short history of Cumans in Transdanubia and the Seat of Hantos
- 3.4.2 The archaeological site of Perkáta
- 3.4.3 Summary
- 3.5 Two sites on the periphery.
- 3.5.1 Gorzsa
- 3.5.1.1 Gorzsa in the written sources and the presence of Cumans in the region
- 3.5.1.2 The question of Cuman presence
- 3.5.1.3 The archaeological material of Gorzsa
- 3.5.2 Tiszagyenda
- 3.5.2.1 The villages of Gyenda and Lak in the written sources and the question of the Cuman presence
- 3.5.2.2 The archaeological material of Tiszagyenda
- 3.5.3 Summary
- 3.6 Cuman animal husbandry in the Great Plain. General trends and data quantification
- Taxonomic richness
- Herd structure
- 3.7 Summary
- Chapter 4 Exploitation of the environment
- 4.1 Pastures, hay cultivation and forests
- 4.1.1 Pastures
- 4.1.2 Hay and other plant fodders
- 4.1.3 Forests and wetlands
- 4.1.4 Grazing rights
- 4.2 Fishing, fowling and hunting
- 4.2.1 Fishing
- 4.2.2 Fowling
- 4.2.3 Hunting and wild game management
- 4.3 Summary
- Chapter 5 Processing the animal body
- 5.1 Beasts for the feast. Production patterns of carcass parts, meat preferences and animal-related food products
- 5.2 Beasts for the afterlife: Animal bodies in Cuman ritual contexts
- 5.2.1 Animals involved in burial contexts
- 5.2.1.1 The equestrian graves
- 5.2.1.2 Dogs in burial contexts
- 5.2.1.3 Animal bones as food offerings and amulets in graves
- 5.2.2 Animals in other ritual contexts
- 5.3 Animals as raw material: worked bones, hide and wool
- 5.3.1 Bone working
- 5.3.1.1 Class I bone tools
- "Bone skates"
- Bone anvils
- Gaming pieces
- Pin holders / needle holders
- Ornamented plates and buckles
- Bone amulets
- Other bone objects
- 5.3.1.2 Ad hoc, opportunistic tools
- 5.3.1.3 Debris and unprocessed pieces of raw material
- 5.3.2 Wool and leather
- 5.4 Summary
- Chapter 6 Caring for sick beasts: pathologies, livestock health and veterinary treatment
- 6.1 What can pathological specimens reveal? Methods, possibilities and limitations.
- 6.2 Pathological phenomena at the studied medieval sites. A general overview
- 6.3 Traumatic injuries
- 6.4 Possibly work-related pathologies and arthropathies
- 6.4.1 Work-related pathologies and arthropathies in horses
- 6.4.2 Work-related pathologies and arthropathies in cattle
- 6.4.3 Arthropathies in other species
- 6.5 Dental abnormalities and oral pathology
- 6.6 Other lesions
- 6.7 Summary
- Chapter 7 Conclusions
- Bibliography
- 8.1 Primary sources
- 8.2 Secondary literature
- Appendix
- 9.1 A detailed list of archaeological sites compared in the archaeozoological analysis
- 9.2 Species names: Latin and vernacular names of animal species used in the text
- 9.3 List of tables, figures and diagrams in the text
- Tables
- Figures
- Diagrams
- 9.4 Appendix to Chapter 3.2 Greater Cumania
- 9.5 Appendix to Chapter 3.3 Lesser Cumania
- 9.6 Appendix to Chapter 3.5 Sites on the periphery
- Gorzsa (Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa-Sand Mine no. 10)
- Tiszagyenda (Tiszagyenda-Morotva part-Lak)
- 9.7 Appendix to Chapter 3.6 Cuman animal husbandry in the Great Plain. General trends and quantification
- 9.8 Appendix to Chapter 5.1 Beasts for the feast
- 9.9 Appendix to Chapter 5.3. Catalogue of bone tools
- A. Class I tools
- B. Class II (ad hoc tools)
- C. Debris and unprocessed raw material
- D. Amulets and jewels
- 9.10 Appendix to Chapter 6. A detailed list of pathological lesions
- A. Traumatic injuries
- B. Infections, neoplastic and tumorous bones
- C. Dental anomalies and oral patology
- D. Possible work-related pathologies and arthropaties
- E. Other lesions
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