LBK realpolitik : : an archaeometric study of conflict and social structure in the Belgian early Neolithic / / Mark Golitko.

• Superior document: Archaeopress archaeology
• VerfasserIn: Golitko, Mark,
• Place / Publishing House: Oxford : : Archaeopress,, [2015]; ©2015
• Year of Publication: 2015
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Archaeopress archaeology.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (vi, 188 pages) :; illustrations.

This volume explores linkages between conflict and socioeconomic organization during the early Neolithic of eastern Belgium (c. 5200-5000 BC), using compositional analysis of ceramics from Linienbandkeramik villages to assess production organization and map intercommunity connections against the backdrop of increasing evidence for conflict.

Table of Contents

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Introduction -- Anthropological and Archaeological Perspectives on Warfare -- Explaining the Occurrence and Frequency of Warfare -- Archaeological Correlates of Warfare -- The Linienbandkeramik in Belgium -- Project Methodology -- Research Significance -- Overview -- Figure 1. Map of northwestern Europe, showing the distribution of the LBK culture. The Hesbaye region of Belgium is indicated by a black square. -- Figure 2. Map of the Hesbayen LBK distribution, showing distribution of enclosed sites and sites included in the present study. -- Chapter 2 -- Warfare and Economy in Stateless Society -- Warfare and Exchange -- Warfare and Exchange in Prehistory -- Linking Warfare and Exchange in the Archaeological Record -- Chaper 3 -- The Linienbandkeramik -- The Central European Late Mesolithic -- The Linienbandkeramik -- LBK Settlements and Settlement Patterns -- Linienbandkeramik Economic Structure -- Mechanisms of LBK Expansion -- Linienbandkeramik Sociopolitics -- Conflict -- Conflict and Socioeconomic Structure in the Linienbandkeramik -- Figure 3. Distribution of earliest LBK sites, showing limits of LBK settlement and the distribution of La Hoguette ceramics (1. Baja 2. Fajsz 3. Becseheley 4. Medina 5. Vörs-Máriaasszonysziget 6. Zalavár 7. Szentgyörgyvölgy-Pityerdomb 8. Gellénháza 9. Bal -- Figure 4. Furthest limits of LBK settlement with distribution of Limburg ceramics indicated. (LBK sites: 1. Zofipole 2. Olszanica 3. Zeliezovce 4. Keszthely 5. Skoroszowice 6. Schletz-Asparn 7. Mold 8. Bylany 9. Aiterhofen 10. Leipzig-Plaussig 11. Rehms.

Figure 5. Raw material sources mentioned in the text (1. Volynian flint 2. Šweiciochów flint 3. Polish banded flint 4. "Chocolate" flint 5. Tokaj (obsidian) 6. Jurassic flint 7. Szentgál (radiolarite) 8. Wittlingen (chert) 9. Odenwald (amphibolite) 10. V -- Figure 6. Distribution of enclosed LBK villages, with period of occupation indicated. -- Chapter 4 -- Linienbandkeramik Settlement in the Hesbaye region of Belgium -- Hesbayen Geography and Geology -- The Late Mesolithic in Belgium -- Linienbandkeramik Settlement of the Hesbaye -- Chronology of Settlement -- Fortified Settlements and the Chronology of Conflict in the Hesbaye -- The Hesbayen Bandkeramik Economy -- Conflict, Economy, and Social Structure in the Hesbayen early Neolithic -- Research Questions -- Figure 7. Map of the western Hesbaye region of Belgium, showing principal geological units and modern communities. -- Figure 8. Map of eastern Belgium and the Dutch Limburg showing the distribution of LBK sites and important raw material sources. -- Figure 9. LBK sites in eastern Belgium (1. Vaux-et-Borset Gibour 2. Vieux-Waleffe 3. Dommartin 4. Harduémont 'Petit Paradis' 5. Hollogne-aux-Pierres 6. Liège Place St. Lambert 7. Fexhe le haut Clocher Voroux-Goreux 8. Donceel Ferme de l'Abbaye 9. Omal ru -- Figure 10. Fineware vessels from Waremme-Longchamps: a. Vessel 87023_B-87040_B, a typical IIc style pot with punctate decoration b. 88010_T-88024_X-88024A_B, a IId style pot decorated with comb impressions. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 11. Map of Waremme-Longchamps, showing distribution of predominant ceramic style and ceramic refits (black lines) between features. -- Figure 12. Map of Darion-Colia. -- Figure 13. Radiocarbon dates from Hesbayen LBK sites. Dates included in two-phase Bayesian models are indicated: p = pioneer, v = village, e = early, l = late.

Figure 14. Results of the 'pooled-short lived' Bayesian model, with date ranges shown plotted on the IntCal 13 atmospheric curve, as well as modelled probability ranges for the beginning and end of Hesbayen LBK settlement (insert). -- Figure 15. Modelled probability ranges for phase begin and end dates in the 'pioneer/village' model. -- Figure 16. Modelled probability ranges for phase begin and end dates in the 'early/late' model. -- Figure 17. Map of Oleye al Zêpe. Pits highlighted in grey contained pottery indicative of a IIc or earlier assignment, while pits highlighted in black contained pottery indicative of a IId assignment. -- Figure 18. Upper margin of feature HSG85035, one of the lithic atelier pits excavated at Darion-Colia. Scanned from the original excavation photo. -- Figure 19. Feature OZ87046 (1. clay 2. grinding stone 3. clay 4. coarseware jar containing processed clay 5. deposit of grog temper 7. grinding stone 8. clay 9. grinding stone 10. clay 11. burnishing pebble). Scanned from the original excavation photo. -- Figure 20. Vessel 88127_CrG, a small coarseware vessel from Waremme-Longchamps interpreted as a 'learner's' pot. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 21. Fineware pots from Waremme-Longchamps feature 88021 exhibiting identical decoration and form. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 22. Map of Hesbayen LBK sites, showing proposed exchange links between sites as reconstructed by van Berg from morphological and stylistic analysis of fineware pots. -- Figure 23. Axe and adze raw material zones in eastern Belgium. Redrawn from data in Toussaint and Toussaint (1982: 514-517): I. Predominance of volcanic and metamorphic rocks of foreign origin II. Predominance of volcanic and metamorphic rocks of foreign.

Figure 24. RMS B artifacts surface collected at Waremme-Longchamps: a. end scraper on Wommersom quartzite b. asymmetrical trapeze on SGG flint. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 25. Non-LBK style ceramics excavated at Fexhe le haut Clocher- Podrî l'Cortri. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 26. Vessels WLP88009_R (a.) and WLP88009_Q (b.), non-LBK style bone-tempered pots excavated at Waremme-Longchamps. Scale bar units = 1cm. -- Figure 27. LBK site sub-clusters in the Hesbaye as proposed by Quick (2010). -- Chapter 5 -- Method and Sample -- Chemical Proveniencing of Archaeological Ceramics -- LA-ICP-MS Protocol -- Petrography -- Statistical Methods and Chemical Reference Groups -- Sample -- Figure 28. Accuracy as estimated from 72 replicate measurements of New Ohio Red clay. -- Figure 29. Precision as estimated from 72 replicate measurements of New Ohio Red clay. -- Figure 30. Ceramic sample analyzed by LA-ICP-MS. DA = Darion-Colia, WLP = Waremme-Longchamps, OZ = Oleye al Zêpe, REM = Remicourt en bia flo II, FHC = Fexhe le haut Clocher-Podrî l'Cortri. -- Figure 31. Map of Darion-Colia indicating numbers of ceramic samples taken from sampled features. -- Figure 32. Map of southeastern corner of Waremme-Longchamps indicating numbers of ceramic samples taken from sampled features. -- Figure 33. Map of western portion of Oleye al Zêpe indicating numbers of ceramic samples taken from sampled features. -- Figure 34. Map of Remicourt en bia flo II indicating numbers of ceramic samples taken from sampled features. -- Figure 35. Map of Fexhe le haut Clocher-Podrî l'Cortri indicating numbers of ceramic samples taken from sampled features. -- Figure 36. Geological map of the Hesbaye, showing locations from which clay samples were collected. 1km and 7km buffers around each study site are indicated.

Figure 37. Clay sampling location BUR007, showing location of clay sample HBC099, a Campanian clay taken from the banks of the Burdinale stream. -- Figure 38. Raw material samples analyzed by geological unit. -- Chapter 6 -- Results of compositional Analysis -- Results of Ceramic Analyses -- Petrographic Analyses -- Provenience Interpretation of Ceramic Chemical Groups -- Ceramic Compositional Variability and Inference of Community Ties -- Figure 39. Average concentrations of potentially mobile elements in LBK coarseware, LBK fineware, loess samples, and daub. Concentrations are displayed on a logarithmic scale. -- Figure 40. Box and whisker plot of ceramic phosphorus concentrations by site. Outliers exceeding two and three standard deviations from the mean are denoted individually. -- Figure 41. R-Q mode biplot of the first two principal components extracted from the ceramic correlation matrix, showing patterning consistent with silica dilution. Numbers in parenthesis denote the amount of variability expressed on each component. -- Figure 42. Scree plot showing eigenvalues, % variance, and cumulative % variance for the first 16 components generated from a principal components analysis of dilution corrected elemental concentrations in ceramics. -- Figure 43. Eigenvalues, % variance, and cumulative % variance for the first 16 components generated from a principal components analysis of dilution corrected elemental concentrations in ceramics. -- Figure 44. Elemental loadings on the first 16 components generated from a principal components analysis of dilution corrected elemental concentrations in ceramics. -- Figure 45. R-Q mode biplot of the first two principal components extracted from the dilution corrected ceramic correlation matrix. Numbers in parenthesis denote the amount of variability expressed on each component.

Figure 46. R-Q mode biplot of the first two principal components extracted from the dilution corrected ceramic correlation matrix, with chemical Groups 1-8 plotted as individual symbols and surrounded by their corresponding 90% confidence ellipses. Numb.