The Animal Names of the Arab Ancestors : : Explaining the Non-human Names of Arab Kinship Groups, Volume 2-1 Appendices / / William C. Young.

• Superior document: Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East ; 178.2-1
• VerfasserIn: Young, William C.,
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden ;, Boston : : Brill,, 2024.; ©2024
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Language: English
• Series: Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1 The Near and Middle East ; 178.2-1.; Middle East and Islamic Studies E-Books Online, Collection 2024.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (450 pages) :; illustrations.
• Other title: Explaining the Non-human Names of Arab Kinship Groups, Volume 2-1 Appendices; Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Volume 1 -- 1 Explaining the Non-human Names of Arab Kinship Groups --  1 The Puzzle: Why Use Terms for Non-human Species as Names for People and Groups? --  2 The Importance of Kinship Group Names and the Mundane Elements of Culture --  3 The Distinctiveness of Arab Names for Kinship Groups in Comparative Perspective --  4 A Traditional Explanation of Kinship Group Names: The "Predatory Animals" Hypothesis --  5 Exceptions to the "Predatory Animals" Hypothesis: Why Use the Names of Vermin and Other Valueless Species as Personal and Tribal Names? --  6 Robertson Smith's Solution: "Totemism" --  7 Comparing the Arab Case with More Elaborated Cases of "Totemism" --  8 The Lingering Traces of "Totemism" in Scholarship about the Middle East --  9 Evaluating Nöldeke's Explanations: The Inadequacy of the Anecdotal Approach --  10 Testing Nöldeke's Explanations of Why Animal Names Are Given to Groups --  11 A New Explanation: "Obscuring Internal Cleavages" --  12 Deriving Testable Hypotheses from the "Obscuring Internal Cleavages" Explanation --  13 The Broader Context: The Meanings of Arab Tribal Names --  14 How to Read the Remaining Chapters in This Book -- 2 Compiling a Data Base of Arab Kinship Groups Named after Natural Species --  1 The Starting Point: Finding a Suitable List of Arab Kinship Groups --  2 The Difficulties of Translation --  3 The Process of Comparing Terms for Natural Species with Kinship Group Names -- 3 Methods for Compiling a List of Arabic Terms for Birds --  1 Theoretical Background: Anthropological Research on Folk Taxonomies and the Definition of Arabic Bird Terms --  2 Obstacles That Complicate the Comparison of Bird Terms with Kinship Group Names -- 4 Finding and Translating Arabic Terms for Mammals --  1 The Difficulty of Defining Non-taxonomic Terms for Mammals in Modern Standard Arabic --  2 The Impact of Classical and Early Islamic Scholarship on Arabic Biological Terminology --  3 An Alternative to Standard Dictionaries: Local Tradition --  4 The Utility and Limits to the Usefulness of Local Tradition for Defining Animal Terms in Arabic --  5 An Artificial Hierarchy of Arabic Animal Terms --  6 Additional Terms for Mammals below the Species Level of Classification --  7 Problems in Comparing Terms for Mammals with Kinship Group Names -- 5 Arabic Terms for Plants, Insects, Reptiles, and Marine Life --  1 Problems in Collecting Terms for Plants --  2 Terms for Insects and Spiders, Reptiles and Amphibians, and Marine Life -- 6 Evaluating Existing Explanations in Light of Empirical Evidence --  1 The "Predatory Animals" Hypothesis --  2 Testing the "Ancestor Eponymy" Hypothesis: Comparing the Personal Names of Ancestors with the Collective Names of Kinship Groups --  3 "Nickname Eponymy" as an Explanation of Group Names Derived from Terms for Natural Species --  4 The "Naturalistic" Explanation -- 7 Group Names, Bedouin Social Organization, and the Flow of Information --  1 Two Ideal Types of Social Organization in the Arab World: The Bedouin Tribe and the Sedentary Tribe --  2 Sedentary Tribes That Have Bedouin Features --  3 Conflict Resolution and Bedouin Control Over Genealogical Information --  4 The Bedouin Tribe as a Stratified Collection of Peripheral Groups around a Core of Kin --  5 Economic Inequality and Political Stratification in Bedouin Tribes --  6 Geography and Political Stratification in Bedouin Tribes --  7 The Attachment of Foreign Elements to the Bedouin Tribe --  8 The Cultural Dimension: Native Representations of Attachment to the Tribe --  9 Using Non-human Names for Kinship Groups as "Empty Ciphers" that Conceal Foreign Origins -- 8 Tests of the New Explanation --  1 The Heterogeneous Composition of Bedouin Tribes --  2 Test Number One: A Search for a Correlation between Variation in Tribal Heterogeneity and Variation in the Names Chosen for Kinship Groups --  3 A Second Test of the "Obscuring Internal Cleavages" Hypothesis: Comparing Bedouin with Non-Bedouin -- 9 Conclusions: Varying Levels of Support for Five Hypotheses --  1 The Goals of the Analysis --  2 The Goals of This Book --  3 Topics for Future Research -- References -- Index -- Volume 2/1 -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Appendix A: List of Taxonomic Bird Terms in Arabic -- Appendix B: List of Non-taxonomic Bird Terms in Arabic -- Appendix C: Comparison of Standard Arabic Bird Terminology with Two Sets of Colloquial Arabic Terms (after Zalat and Gilbert 2008: 164-197 and Hobbs 1989: 129-133) -- Appendix D: List of Taxonomic Terms for Mammals in Arabic -- Appendix E: List of Non-taxonomic Terms for Mammals in Arabic -- Appendix F: List of Taxonomic Plant Terms in Arabic -- Appendix G: List of Non-taxonomic Plant Terms in Arabic -- Appendix H: List of Terms for Insects, Spiders, and Scorpions in Arabic -- Appendix I: List of Terms for Reptiles and Amphibians in Arabic -- Appendix J: List of Terms for Marine Life (Fish, Sharks, Corrals, Etc.) in Arabic -- Volume 2/2 -- Appendix K: List of Kinship Groups Named after Birds -- Appendix L: List of Kinship Groups Named After Mammals -- Appendix M: List of Kinship Groups Named after Plants -- Appendix N: List of Kinship Groups Named after Insects, Spiders, and Scorpions -- Appendix O: List of Kinship Groups Named after Reptiles and Amphibians -- Appendix P: List of Kinship Groups Named after Types of Marine Life -- Appendix Q: Ancestor Eponymy: Kinship Group Names Derived from -- Biological Terms That Are Also Used as Personal Names -- Appendix R: List of Nicknames Derived from Terms for Natural Species Found in the Onomasticon Arabicum -- Appendix S: Non-genealogical Names of Tribes, Sub-tribes, and Clans in Nineteenth-Century Palestine -- Appendix T: List of Sedentary Kinship Groups Named after Natural Species in Northern Jordan.
• Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• ISBN: 9004690409
• Hierarchical level: Monograph
• Statement of Responsibility: William C. Young.

In the Arab world, people belong to kinship groups (lineages and tribes). Many lineages are named after animals, birds, and plants. Why? This survey evaluates five old explanations - "totemism," "emulation of predatory animals," "ancestor eponymy," "nicknaming," and "Bedouin proximity to nature." It suggests a new hypothesis: Bedouin tribes use animal names to obscure their internal cleavages. Such tribes wax and wane as they attract and lose allies and clients; they include "attached" elements as well as actual kin. To prevent outsiders from spotting "attached" groups, Bedouin tribes scatter non-human names across their segments, making it difficult to link any segment with a human ancestor. Young's argument contributes to theories of tribal organization, Arab identity, onomastics, and Near Eastern kinship.