Basic Modeling and Theory of Creep of Metallic Materials / / by Rolf Sandström.

• Superior document: Springer Series in Materials Science, 339
• Author: Sandström, Rolf.
• Place / Publishing House: Cham : : Springer Nature Switzerland :, Imprint: Springer,, 2024.
• Year of Publication: 2024
• Edition: 1st ed. 2024.
• Language: English
• Series: Springer Series in Materials Science, 339
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (317 pages)

This open access book features an in-depth exploration of the intricate creep behavior exhibited by metallic materials, with a specific focus on elucidating the underlying mechanical properties governing their response at elevated temperatures, particularly in the context of polycrystalline alloys....

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Preface
• Contents
• 1 The Role of Fundamental Modeling
• 1.1 Background
• 1.2 Description
• 1.3 Objectives
• 1.4 Layout
• 1.5 Supplementary Material
• References
• 2 Stationary Creep
• 2.1 The Creep Process
• 2.2 Empirical Models of Secondary Creep
• 2.3 Dislocation Model
• 2.3.1 Work Hardening
• 2.3.2 Dynamic Recovery
• 2.3.3 Static Recovery
• 2.3.4 Accumulated Dislocation Model
• 2.4 The cL Parameter
• 2.5 Secondary Creep Rate
• 2.6 Dislocation Mobility
• 2.6.1 Climb Mobility
• 2.6.2 The Glide Mobility
• 2.6.3 Cross-Slip Mobility
• 2.6.4 The Climb Glide Mobility
• 2.7 Application to Aluminum
• 2.8 Application to Nickel
• 2.9 Summary
• References
• 3 Stress Strain Curves
• 3.1 General
• 3.2 Empirical Methods to Describe Stress Strain Curves
• 3.3 Basic Model
• 3.3.1 The Model
• 3.3.2 Application to Parent Metal
• 3.3.3 Application to Welds
• 3.4 The ω Parameter in Dynamic Recovery
• 3.5 Summary
• References
• 4 Primary Creep
• 4.1 General
• 4.2 Empirical Models for Creep Strain Curves
• 4.3 Dislocation Controlled Primary Creep
• 4.4 Stress Adaptation
• 4.4.1 Model
• 4.4.2 Numerical Integration
• 4.4.3 Applications
• 4.5 12% Cr Steels
• 4.5.1 Dislocation Model
• 4.5.2 Simulated Creep Curves
• 4.6 Summary
• References
• 5 Creep with Low Stress Exponents
• 5.1 General
• 5.2 Model for Diffusional Creep
• 5.3 Grain Boundary Creep
• 5.4 Constrained Grain Boundary Creep
• 5.5 Primary Creep at Low Stresses
• 5.6 Creep at Low Stresses in an Austenitic Stainless Steel
• 5.7 Creep in Aluminium at Very Low Stresses (Harper-Dorn Creep)
• 5.8 Creep in Copper at Low Stresses
• 5.8.1 Creep of Cu-OFP at 600 °C
• 5.8.2 Creep of Copper at 820 °C
• 5.8.3 Creep of Copper at 480 °C
• 5.9 Summary
• References
• 6 Solid Solution Hardening
• 6.1 General
• 6.2 The Classical Picture.
• 6.2.1 Observations
• 6.2.2 Issues with the Classical Picture
• 6.3 Modeling of Solid Solution Hardening. Slowly Diffusing Elements
• 6.3.1 Lattice and Modulus Misfit
• 6.3.2 Solute Atmospheres
• 6.4 Drag Stress
• 6.5 Modeling of Solid Solution Hardening. Fast Diffusing Elements
• 6.6 Summary
• References
• 7 Precipitation Hardening
• 7.1 General
• 7.2 Previous Models for the Influence of Particles on the Creep Strength
• 7.2.1 Threshold Stress
• 7.2.2 Orowan Model
• 7.2.3 The Role of the Energy Barrier
• 7.3 Precipitation Hardening Based on Time Control
• 7.4 Application of the Precipitation Hardening Model
• 7.4.1 Analyzed Materials
• 7.4.2 Pure Copper
• 7.4.3 Cu-Co Alloys
• 7.5 Summary
• References
• 8 Cells and Subgrains. The Role of Cold Work
• 8.1 General
• 8.2 Modeling of Subgrain Formation
• 8.2.1 The Stress from Dislocations
• 8.2.2 Formation of Subgrains During Creep
• 8.2.3 Cell Formation at Constant Strain Rate
• 8.3 Influence of Cold Work on the Creep Rate
• 8.4 Formation of a Dislocation Back Stress
• 8.5 Summary
• References
• 9 Grain Boundary Sliding
• 9.1 General
• 9.2 Empirical Modeling of GBS During Superplasticity
• 9.3 Grain Boundary Sliding in Copper
• 9.4 Superplasticity
• 9.5 Summary
• References
• 10 Cavitation
• 10.1 General
• 10.2 Empirical Cavity Nucleation and Growth Models
• 10.3 Cavitation in 9% Cr Steels
• 10.4 Basic Model for Cavity Nucleation
• 10.4.1 Thermodynamic Considerations
• 10.4.2 Strain Dependence
• 10.4.3 Comparison to Experiments for Copper
• 10.4.4 Comparison to Experiment for Austenitic Stainless Steels
• 10.5 Models for Cavity Growth
• 10.5.1 Unconstrained Cavity Growth Model
• 10.5.2 Constrained Cavity Growth
• 10.5.3 Strain Controlled Cavity Growth
• 10.5.4 Growth Due to Grain Boundary Sliding
• 10.6 Summary
• References.
• 11 The Role of Cavitation in Creep-Fatigue Interaction
• 11.1 General
• 11.2 Empirical Principles for Development of Creep-Fatigue Damage
• 11.2.1 Fatigue and Creep Damage
• 11.2.2 Loops During Cyclic Loading
• 11.3 Deformation During Cyclic Loading
• 11.3.1 Basic Model for Hysteresis Loops
• 11.3.2 Application of the Cycling Model
• 11.4 Cavitation
• 11.4.1 Nucleation of Cavities
• 11.4.2 Cavity Growth
• 11.5 Summary
• References
• 12 Tertiary Creep
• 12.1 General
• 12.2 Empirical Models for Tertiary Creep and Continuum Damage Mechanics
• 12.2.1 Models for Tertiary Creep
• 12.2.2 Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM)
• 12.3 Particle Coarsening
• 12.4 Dislocation Strengthening During Tertiary Creep
• 12.4.1 The Role of Substructure During Tertiary Creep
• 12.4.2 Accelerated Recovery Model
• 12.5 Necking
• 12.5.1 Hart's Criterion
• 12.5.2 Use of Omega Model
• 12.5.3 Basic Dislocation Model
• 12.5.4 Multiaxial Stress States
• 12.6 Summary
• References
• 13 Creep Ductility
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Empirical Ductility Models
• 13.3 Basic Ductility Methods
• 13.3.1 Brittle Rupture
• 13.3.2 Ductile Rupture
• 13.4 The Role of Multiaxiality
• 13.4.1 Diffusion Controlled Growth
• 13.4.2 Strain Controlled Growth
• 13.4.3 Growth Due to Grain Boundary Sliding (GBS)
• 13.4.4 Comparison of Models
• 13.5 Summary
• References
• 14 Extrapolation
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Empirical Extrapolation Analysis
• 14.2.1 Basic TTP Analysis
• 14.2.2 The ECCC Post-assessment Tests
• 14.2.3 Use of Neural Network (NN)
• 14.3 Error Analysis in Extrapolation
• 14.3.1 Model for Error Analysis
• 14.3.2 Error Analysis with PATs
• 14.3.3 Error Analysis with NN
• 14.4 Basic Modeling of Creep Rupture Curves
• 14.4.1 General
• 14.4.2 Secondary Creep Rate
• 14.4.3 Creep Strain Curves
• 14.4.4 Cavitation
• 14.4.5 Rupture Criteria.
• 14.4.6 Extensive Extrapolation of the Creep Rate for Cu
• 14.4.7 Creep Rupture Predictions for Austenitic Stainless Steels
• 14.5 Summary
• Appendix: Derivatives in Neural Network Models (Reproduced from [37] with Permission)
• References.