The Role and Status of International Humanitarian Volunteers and Organizations : : The Right and Duty to Humanitarian Assistance / / Yves Beigbeder.

• Superior document: Legal Aspects of International Organizations Series ; Volume 12
• VerfasserIn: Beigbeder, Yves,
• Place / Publishing House: Dordrecht, The Netherlands : : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,, [1991]; ©1991
• Year of Publication: 1991
• Edition: First edition.
• Language: English
• Series: Legal aspects of nursing practice ; Volume 12.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (431 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION -- International Humanitarian Assistance -- Assessment of Relief Assistance -- Landmarks of International Humanitarian Assistance -- The Actors in the International Relief Network -- PART I. HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE AND VOLUNTARISM -- The Role of States -- Recipient Countries -- Donor Countries -- CHAPTER 1. THE ROLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (IGOS) etc -- Characteristics of IGOs -- The Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) -- The League of Nations -- The International Relief Union (IRU) -- The U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) -- The International Refugee Organization (IRO) -- The U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) -- Creation and Mandate -- Relations with other IGOs -- Relations with NGOs -- Budget and Staffing -- Evaluation -- Current Problems -- The U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) -- Budget and Staffing -- The International Organization for Migration (IOM) -- The U.N. Children's Fund (UNICEF: Originally the U.N. International Children's Emergency Fund) -- Cooperation with NGOs -- Budget and Staffing -- The World Health Organization (WHO) -- WHO's Relations with NGOs -- Budget and Staffing -- The World Food Programme (WFP) -- The U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) -- The Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N. (FAO) -- The International Labour Organisation (ILO) -- The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) -- The U.N. Environment Programme (UNEP) -- The Office of the U.N. Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO) -- UNDRO's Recent Activities -- Assessment of UNDRO -- The U.N. Development Programme (UNDP) -- The U.N. Volunteers Programme (UNV) -- Regional Intergovernmental Organizations.

The European Economic Community (EEC) -- The Organization of American States (OAS) -- CHAPTER 2. THE ROLE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) -- The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement -- The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) -- The ICRC's Role in International Humanitarian Law -- The Relief Role of the ICRC -- The ICRC: A Swiss Institution -- Recent Activities of the ICRC -- The Budget of the ICRC -- National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies -- The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies -- The League's Activities -- Coordination Between the ICRC and the League -- Coordination of Red Cross Organizations with Other Organizations -- The "Real" Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) -- General Comments on NGOs -- Typology of NGOs' Functions -- NGOs and Governments -- Internal Politics of NGOs -- The "Image of Africa" Project -- Northern and Southern NGOs in Partnership -- Comparative Advantages of NGOs -- Limitations of NGOs -- NGOs Cooperation and Coordination -- National Coordination of NGOs -- International Coordination of NGOs -- The International Council of Voluntary Agencies (ICVA) -- Coordination of Relief in Recipient Countries -- Local Coordination of NGOs -- CHAPTER 3. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTEERS -- Definition of a Volunteer -- The Volunteer's Motivation -- Typology of Volunteers' Organizations -- Historical Evolution of Voluntarism -- European Attitudes Towards National Voluntarism -- The Red Cross Volunteers -- Characteristics of Red Cross Volunteers -- Paid or Unpaid Volunteers? -- Rights and Obligations of Red Cross Volunteers -- Voluntarism in the U.S.A. -- The U.S. Peace Corps -- Pros and Cons of National Voluntary Corps -- Voluntarism in France -- Voluntarism in the U.K. -- Senior Experts -- Charters for Volunteers -- International Umbrella Groups.

PART II. NEUTRALITY OR POLITICIZATION? DISCRETION OR DISCLOSURE? -- CHAPTER 4. THE NEUTRALITY OF THE RED CROSS -- The "Dogma": The Statutory Basis of the Principles of Neutrality and Discretion -- Neutrality -- Discretion -- The Transmission of Protests -- Challenges to the "Dogma" -- The Tansley Report -- The Second World War -- The Response of the ICRC in 1948 -- An Impossible Mission? -- What the ICRC Knew of the "Final Solution"? -- What Did the ICRC Want To Do? -- What was the ICRC Able To Do? -- Favez's Conclusion -- Ben-Tov's Book -- A Difficult Assessment -- The Delegates' Problems of Conscience -- The Influence of External Events on the "Dogma" -- The Nigerian Civil War and the ICRC's Neutrality -- Israel and Arab Countries -- Iran-Iraq: The Public Appeal -- Withdrawal from Lebanon -- The Suspension of South Africa: The Politicization of the Red Cross? -- Four Years after the Suspension: An Assessment -- Concluding Remarks -- CHAPTER 5. BRITISH CHARITIES -- The Anti-Slavery Society for the Protection of Human Rights -- The Salvation Army -- The Salvation Army and Politics -- The Save the Children Fund (SCF) -- The Creation of Save the Children Fund -- Past Activities of the British "Save the Children Fund" -- The Present "Save the Children-UK" -- The International Save the Children Alliance (ISCA) -- A Charter for Children -- Oxfam -- A Historical Review -- Oxfam Now -- Oxfam's Politics -- Oxfam Finances in 1988 -- Oxfam's Relations with other Organizations -- The Disasters Emergency Committee -- CHAPTER 6. RELIGIOUS AGENCIES -- The Order of Malta -- The Quakers -- The Quaker's Advocacy -- Humanitarian Work -- Other Roman Catholic Organizations -- Caritas Internationalis -- Catholic Relief Services -- CRS Finances and Staffing -- Past CRS Activities -- Current CRS Programmes -- The Politics of CRS -- The World Council of Churches (WCC).

A Short History -- The General Secretary -- The finances of the WCC -- The Council's Programme to Combat Racism (PRC) -- Social Justice: A Christan Duty of Political Intervention -- Relief and Development Assistance -- The Commission on Inter-Church Aid, Refugee and World Service (CICARWS) -- Trends in 1989 -- The Lutheran World Federation (LWF) -- History -- Mandate, Structure and Budget of the LWF -- The LWF World Service (LWF/WS) -- Emergency Assistance -- Refugees -- Coordination -- A Struggle for Justice, Liberation and Peace -- Politics and Field Work -- World Vision International (WVI) -- World Vision International and the Church -- WVI and Governments -- WVI and Politics -- Staffing and Budget -- Cooperation with Other Agencies -- A Summary -- CHAPTER 7. MEDICAL VOLUNTEERS -- Medical Missionaries -- Protestant Medical Missionaries -- Roman Catholic Medical Missions -- The "French Doctors" -- France and Human Rights -- French Colonization -- Biafra -- Birth of the Medical "No Borders" Movement -- Médecins Sans Frontières -- Médecins Du Monde -- Aide Médicale Internationale -- The Risks Taken by Volunteers "Without Borders" -- The French Doctors' Motivation -- A Right of Humanitarian Intervention? -- Other Medical NGOs -- The African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) -- Medical Aid for Palestinians -- German Groups -- Christian Medical Commission (CMC) -- Medicus Mundi Internationalis (MMI) -- How Effective Are These Groups? -- CHAPTER 8. THE UNITED NATIONS VOLUNTEERS PROGRAMME (UNV) -- The Origin of the Programme -- The First Years: 1971-1977 -- The Years of Growth: 1977-1981 -- The Sana'a Declaration-1982 -- The Maseru Declaration-1986 -- Evaluation of the UNV Programme-1987-1988 -- A New Executive Coordinator -- UNV's Involvement in Humanitarian Assistance and Health Projects.

Requirements for UNV Assignments and Conditions of Service -- The UNV Programme Now -- Characteristics and Trends -- PART III. INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND STATUS -- CHAPTER 9. THE LEGAL STATUS AND THE PROTECTION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN VOLUNTEERS -- The Legal Status and Protection of U.N. Volunteers -- Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities -- Privileges and Immunities of U.N. Staff -- The Legal Status and Protection of ICRC Delegates -- Swiss or ICRC Protection? -- Headquarters Agreements -- A Public International Organization -- The Legal Status and Protection of NGO Volunteers -- Various National Legal Status of International NGOs -- NGOs' Consultative Status with IGOs -- An International Status for NGOs -- The Protection of NGO Humanitarian Volunteers -- In Conclusion -- CHAPTER 10. MEDICAL MISSIONS: THE PROTECTION OF THE VOLUNTEER DOCTOR -- The Red Cross Conventions and Additional Protocols -- Duties of Medical Personnel -- Medical Ethics -- Other Duties -- Rights of Medical Personnel -- Conditions Required for Medical NGOs to Benefit from International Humanitarian Law -- Humanitarian and Impartial Organizations -- The Proposed "Charter for the Protection of Medical Missions" -- The Council of Europe Resolution 904 (1988) -- An Assessment -- CHAPTER 11. INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION -- Humanitarian Intervention under International Law: The Principles -- The U.N. Charter -- The International Court of Justice -- The Position of the Red Cross -- A Right of Humanitarian Military Intervention? -- The Practice: Past Cases of International Humanitarian Interventions -- U.S. Humanitarian Interventions -- French Humanitarian Interventions -- Cambodia and Uganda -- The Use of National and International Military Forces for Humanitarian Assistance -- National Military Relief Assistance Forces -- "Humanitarian" U.N. Peace-Keeping Forces.

The Delivery of Relief Assistance.