Islamic law and the state : : the constitutional jurisprudence of Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī / / by Sherman A. Jackson.

• Superior document: Studies in Islamic Law and Society Series ; v.1
• VerfasserIn: Jackson, Sherman A,
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden : : BRILL,, 1996.
• Year of Publication: 1996
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Studies in Islamic Law and Society Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (xlii, 249 pages)

This book deals with an Ayyūbid-Mamlūk Egyptian jurist's attempt to come to terms with the potential conflict between power, represented in the state, and authority, represented in the schools of law, particularly where one school enjoys a privileged status with the state. It deals with the history of the relationship between the schools of law, particularly in Mamlūk Egypt, in the context of the running history of Islamic law from the formative period during which ijtihād was the dominant hegemony, into the post-formative period during which taqlīd came to dominate. It also deals with the internal structure and operation of the madhhab, as the sole repository of legal authority. Finally, the book includes a discussion of the limits of law and the legal process, the former imposing limits on the legal jurisdiction of the jurists and the schools, the latter imposing limits on the executive authority of the state.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī: Curriculum Vitae -- I. General Profile -- II. Teachers -- III. Teaching and Other Preoccupations -- IV. Relevant Works -- V. Sufism -- VI. Theology -- A. al-Qarāfī and Ashʿarism -- B. Ashʿarite Psychology: Reason and the Law -- Chapter Two: The Egyptian Context -- I. General Overview -- II. Ayyūbids and Mamlūks -- Chaos and Innovation: The Cycle of Cairo's Precarious Rise -- A. al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb: A Sower of Seeds -- B. Interregnum: Tūrān Shāh -- Not Careful Enough -- C. Interregnum: Shajarat al-Durr -- Too Careful? -- D. Interregnum: al-Muʿizz Aybak -- The Nemesis of Legitimacy -- E. Interregnum: Sayf al-Dīn Quṭuz -- A Tragic Hero -- F. al-Ẓāhir Baybars: The True Heir To al-Ṣāliḥ Ayyūb? -- III. The Schools of Law in Egypt -- A. Mālikī versus Shāfiʿī Law and Jurisprudence -- B. Shāfiʿī Exclusivism in the Judiciary: A Closer Look -- Chapter Three: The Madhhab: al-Qarāfī's Constitutional Unit -- I. General Introductory -- II. Ijtihād versus Taqlīd -- A. Taqlīd: A Quest for Authority -- 1. The Individual versus the Group: Rājiḥ versus Mashhūr -- a. Criteria: Rājiḥ -- b. Criteria: Mashhūr -- 2. Levels of Taqlīd -- a. Verbatim Transmission: Naql -- b. Selective Verbatim Transmission: Naql al-Mashhūr -- c. Extrapolation: Takhrīj -- 1. Takhrīj: The Ijtihād of the Muqallid Jurist -- III. Legal Change, Rank and Legal Scaffolding -- IV. The Madhhab: al-Qarāfī's Corporate Constitutional Unit -- Chapter Four: The Limits of Law: Against the Tyranny of the Madhhab -- I. General Introductory -- II. Madhhab: Pure Law -- A. The Constituents of Pure Law: Definitions -- 1. ḥukm sharʿī -- a. ḥukm taklīfī -- b. ḥukm wadʿī -- 2. ḥijājl s. ḥujjah -- Β. "Madhhab Mālik" versus "Madhhab al-Ummah" -- C. "Orthodox Law".

III. The Limits of Corporate Protection: Proper versus Improper Taqlīd -- A. Taqlīd and Independent Reasoning -- B. Custom -- C. Supplementary Dicta: Taṣarruf -- Fatwā -- Chapter Five: The Judiciary and Conflict of Laws: Against the Tyranny of Ibn Bint al-Aʿazz -- I. General Introductory -- II. The Fatwā versus the Ḥukm: "An Extremely Subtle Distinction" -- A. The Judicial Function under the Régime of Taqlīd -- III. From Ijtihād to Taqlīd -- A. Ijtihād Required of all Judges -- B. Ijtihād No Longer Required -- C. al-Qarāfī on the Judicial Process -- 1. al-Ithbāt -- 2. al-Ḥukm or al-Tanfīdh? -- a. al-Tanfīdh: The Judicial Function in Mujmaʿ ʿAlyahi Cases -- b. al-Ḥukm: The Judicial Function in Mukhtalaf Fihi Cases -- 1. The Judge's Choice in Mukhtalaf Fihi Cases: Rājiḥ or Mashhūr -- c. Unprecedented Cases -- 3. al-Tanfīdh -- IV. The Solution -- A. The Khabar/Inshāʾ Dichotomy -- 1. Why Inshāʾ? -- B. Apropos the Shāfiʿī Doctrine on Principal/Deputy Disparity -- 1. Taking the Perspective of the Other -- 2. Taqdīm al-Khāṣṣ ʿalā al-ʿĀmm -- Chapter Six: Defining the Legal Jurisdiction of the State: Against the Tyranny of Government -- I. General Introductory -- II. The State Between Law and the Legal Process -- A. The Legal Process -- 1. The Jurisdictional Limits of the Ḥukm -- a. The Ḥukm Restricted to Muʿāmalāt -- 1. Intention (nīyah) -- b. The Ḥukm Restricted to Rulings from Specific Legal Categories -- c. Venue -- III. Obiter Dictum -- IV. Sui Juris -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index.