The Exclusive Treaty-Making Power of the European Community up to the Period of the Single European Act.

• Author: Kaniel, Moshe.
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 1996.; ©1996.
• Year of Publication: 1996
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (236 pages)

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- I. Introduction -- 1. The Legal Personality of International Organizations -- 1.1 Development of the Various Approaches -- 1.2 The European Community -- 2. The Treaty-Making Power of International Organizations -- II. The Source of the European Community's Power to Conclude International Treaties -- 1. Community Law -- 1.1 The Organization -- 1.2 The Principles -- 1.3 The Judiciary -- 2. Explicit Power -- 2.1 The Treaty of Rome -- 2.1.1 Commercial Policy -- 2.1.2 Relations Between Member States and Overseas Countries and Territories -- 2.1.3 Relations with International Organizations -- 2.1.4 The Residual Nature of Article 235 -- 2.1.5 Association Agreements -- 2.1.6 Agricultural Policy -- 2.2 The Coal and Steel Treaty (E.C.S.C.) -- 2.3 The Euratom Treaty (E.A.E.C.) -- 2.3.1 General Power -- 2.3.2 Supply of Ores and Source Materials -- 2.3.3 Safety Measures -- 2.4 The Single European Act -- 2.4.1 Technological Research and Development -- 2.4.2 Environment -- 3. Implicit Power -- 3.1 The Doctrine -- 3.2 The ERTA Case -- 3.3 The Kramer Case -- 3.4 The Rhine Opinion -- 3.5 Potential Power -- 3.6 Thoughts on the Doctrine of Implicit Power -- III. How Exclusive Power is created -- 1. Explicit Exclusive Power -- 2. Implicit Exclusive Power -- 2.1 "Occupying The Field" -- 2.2 Excercise of Rules in Practice -- 2.3 Rejection of Other Opinions -- 2.4 The Whole Field or First Steps -- 2.5 Occupying the Field by Means of an International Treaty -- 3. Exclusive Power and the Transitional Period -- 4. Ancillary Exclusive Power -- 5. Exclusive Power and Article 5 of the Treaty of Rome -- 6. Aspects and Implications of Acquiring Exclusive Power -- 6.1 Negation of Power or Prohibition upon Conflicting Rules -- 6.2 "Reproducing Treaties".

6.3 Treaty and Rules for Different Purpose -- 6.4 Stringent Treaties and Rules -- IV. The Fields in which the Community has acquired Exclusive Power -- 1. Commercial Policy -- 1.1 The Positions of the Council and the Commission -- 1.2 Suggested Alternatives -- 1.3 Are Embargoes Matters of Commercial Policy? -- 1.4 Implications of Commercial Policy on Coal &amp -- Steel Treaty -- 2. Transport -- 3. Fisheries -- 4. Environment -- 4.1 Source of Power -- 4.2 The Exercising of the Power -- 5. Atomic Energy -- 6. Social Policy -- 6.1 Labour Conditions -- 6.2 Equal Rights for Women -- V. Parallel Power - Changes and Evolution -- 1. Conflict of Powers -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 First Principle -- 1.3 Second Principle -- 1.4 Third Principle -- 1.5 Fourth Principle -- 1.6 Fifth Principle -- 1.7 Sixth Principle -- 1.8 Seventh Principle -- 2. Changes and Evolution -- 2.1 Background -- 2.2 Consumer Protection -- 2.3 Company Law -- 2.4 Intellectual Property -- 2.5 Human Rights -- VI. The Implementation of Exclusive and Parallel Power by the Community at the International Level -- 1. The Participation of the Community in International Activities -- 1.1 Express Provisions -- 1.2 Special Directives -- 1.3 Transfer of Power -- 1.4 Delegation of Power -- 1.5 Adoption of Treaties and Powers -- 2. The Forms of Commitment -- 2.1 Under International Law -- 2.2 Under Community Law -- 3. Procedure: Negotiation, Commitment and Representation -- 3.1 Negotiation -- 3.2 Conclusion of Treaties -- 3.3 Consent of Parliament -- 3.4 Representation at International Conferences and Organizations -- VII. Mixed Agreements -- 1. Definition -- 2. The Legal Source -- 2.1 Agreements -- 2.2 The Case Law -- 3. Why Conclude a Mixed Agreement? -- 4. The Source of Binding Authority of a Mixed Agreement on the Member States -- 4.1 Presentation of the issue -- 4.2 The Position of the Cases.

4.3 Criticism of Prevailing Opinions -- 4.4 Proposed Solution -- 5. Participation of Portion of Member States in Conclusion of Mixed Agreement -- 6. Notification of the Fields of Competence -- 6.1 General -- 6.2 The Community's Notification Pursuant to the Convention on the Law of the Sea -- 6.3 Liability Towards Third Parties -- 7. The Problem of Voting - The Number of Votes -- 7.1 Who is entitled to vote: the Member States or the Community? -- 7.2 The Weight: The Number of Votes -- 8. Reflections on "Mixed Agreements" -- Bibliography -- Appendix A -- Appendix B -- Indexes.