The First World War as a Caesura? : : Demographic Concepts, Population Policy, and Genocide in the Late Ottoman, Russian, and Habsburg Spheres.

• Superior document: Gewaltpolitik und Menschenrechte ; v.3
• Author: Pschichholz, Christin.
• Place / Publishing House: Berlin : : Duncker & Humblot,, 2020.; ©2020.
• Year of Publication: 2020
• Language: English
• Series: Gewaltpolitik und Menschenrechte
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (248 pages)

"During the phases of mobile warfare, the ethnically and religiously very heterogeneous population in the border regions of the multi-ethnic empires suffered in particular. Even if the real military situation in the course of the war hardly gave cause for concern, the image of disloyal ethnic and national minorities was widespread. This was particularly the case when ethnic groups lived on both sides of the border and social and political tensions had already established themselves along ethnic or religious lines of conflict before the war. Displacements, deportations and mass violence were the result. The genocide of the Armenian population is the most extreme example of this development. This anthology examines the border regions of the Ottoman, Russian and Habsburg empires during the First World War with regard to radical population policy and genocidal violence from a comparative perspective in order to draw a more precise picture of escalating and deescalating factors. "

Table of Contents

Intro -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Christin Pschichholz: The First World War as a Caesura? -- Ronald Grigor Suny: Imperial Choices: Perceiving Threats and the Descent to Genocide -- The Great War and the Clash of Empires -- World War I and Ethnicity -- The Armenian Genocide -- Mark Levene: Deadly Geopolitics, Ethnic Mobilisations, and the Vulnerability of Peoples, 1914-18 -- The Great War and ˋNational' Peoples -- Blaming the Jews: A Special Case -- Perfidious Albion? -- National Actors: Vision and Hubris -- ˋMinorities': The Fateful Legacy of the Great War -- Arno Barth: The Securitization of Minorities as a Bedrock of Population Policy -- Psychological Approach (Affect Heuristics) -- Political Science Approach (Securitization) -- Securitization of Minorities during World War One -- Siegfried Lichtenstaedter (Central Powers) -- Buxton Brothers (Entente) -- Georges Montandon (Neutral Countries) -- Summary -- Outlook -- Hans-Lukas Kieser: Empire Overstretched Nation-state Enforced: The Young Turks Inaugurated the Europe of Extremes -- Introduction: The Threshold of 1913 -- Late Ottoman Background -- Reforms and Social Revolution Versus Reactionary Violence and Restored Empire -- Ideological Radicalisation and Large-scale Demographic Engineering -- Genocide -- Removal of Muslims and Jews -- Conclusion: The Lausanne Treaty Endorsed Extremes and Abandoned Minorities -- Oktay Özel: The Role of Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa (Special Organization) in the Armenian Genocide -- CUP, Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa and the War -- Tehcir and the Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa -- An Attempt at Reconstruction - The Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (re-activated on 3 August 1914) -- Dr Sakir as the Mastermind of Annihilation -- Armenians Perceived as ˋFifth Column' -- Decision for Tehcir and Destruction (March 1915) -- From Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa to Umur-ı Şarkiye Dairesi (5 April 1915).

"New SO" as a Criminal Organization -- The CUP, the Government and the Harbiye: Institutional Responsibility -- "SO Çetes" or Militia Bands -- Official and Civilian Involvement and Complicity -- In Lieu of Conclusion -- Hilmar Kaiser: Zor District During the Initial Monthsof the Armenian Genocide -- Rasulain -- Conclusion -- Hannes Leidinger: Systematization of Hatred -- General Developments and the Dual Monarchy -- The Mentality of the Habsburg Army and Notably of its Officers -- Entanglements of International Tensions and Internal Conflicts, 1903-1914 -- The Triggering Event - 28 June 1914 -- Radicalization Through the Effects of the (new) War -- Military Criminal Law and Command Structures -- Mobile Warfare, Thrusts into Foreign Countries and ˋToils' of Occupation Regimes -- The Imbalance of Forces -- Ideas of Superiority -- Heterogeneous Societies -- Critical and Limiting Closing Remarks -- Heiko Brendel: "Our land is small and it's pressed on all sides. Not one of us can live here peacefully." -- Introduction -- Welcomed Liberators -- Language, Religion, and Territory in Austro-Hungarian Occupied Montenegro -- Montenegro's "Predatory" Socio-Economic Tradition -- The Emergence of Anti-Muslim Nationalism in Montenegro -- Nicholas's Muslim Subjects -- The Balkan Wars and the Acquisition of "New Montenegro" -- Under Austro-Hungarian Occupation -- Religions under Austro-Hungarian Occupation -- Justice and Education in Occupied Montenegro -- Emigration and Immigration under Austro-Hungarian Rule -- Conclusions -- Serhiy Choliy: War as a Model of Population Movement in the Modern World: The Galician Perspectives in the First World War -- Historical Background: Galicia before World War I -- Historical Background: The Austro-Hungarian and Russian Claims Before World War I -- World War I Begins: The Austrian Activities During the First Phase of the War.

Mobilization: Everything for the Front -- Mobilization: To Preserve Law and Order -- The World War Goes on: The Russian Occupation of Galicia -- Pacification: Administration and Security -- Painful Retreat: Evacuation and Political Aims -- Conclusions -- Konrad Zieliński: The Jews and the Bolsheviks -- Peter Holquist: The Soviet Policy of De-cossackization During the Russian Civil War (1919) -- Decossackization: ˋLiquidating' the Cossackry -- Bibliography -- Contributors.