Tryptophan in nutrition and health / / Burkhard Poeggeler [editor].

• TeilnehmendeR: Poeggeler, Burkhard ,
• Place / Publishing House: Basel : : MDPI,, [2023]; ©2023
• Year of Publication: 2023
• Language: English
• Physical Description: 1 online resource

Tryptophan is a rate-limiting essential amino acid and a unique building block of peptides and proteins. This largest amino acid serves as the precursor for the important endogenous indoleamines serotonin, N-acetylserotonin, and melatonin that act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. Kynurenic acid is the most potent endogenous antiexitotoxic agent. Other highly relevant pathways of tryptophan are the reversible transamination to indole-3-pyruvate with formation related indolic acids that act as potent antioxidant agents. Tryptophan metabolites, such as melatonin, and structurally related agents, such as indole-3-propionic acid, act as potent catalytic antioxidants and bioenergetic agents that facilitate regeneration and protection against stress and aging. Several indole compounds act as uremic toxins since these agents can induce radical formation that is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and damage. The exploration of the effects of these protective and toxic tryptophan derived agents has revealed important molecular mechanisms and mediators of adaptation and aging. Research on tryptophan in nutrition and health can facilitate the development of new approaches to extend human health and life span. Amino acids are the building blocks of life that enable repair, as well as recycling and regeneration. Research on nutrients like amino acids, such as tryptophan and its metabolites, as well as peptides and proteins, or extracts containing this molecular metabolism modifiers can improve health. Research into the indololome is a new emerging and rapidly growing field of utmost relevance to science and society.

Table of Contents

About the Editor vii -- Burkhard Poeggeler, Sandeep Kumar Singh and Miguel A. Pappolla -- Tryptophan in Nutrition and Health -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5455, doi:10.3390/ijms23105455 1 -- Antonella Calderaro, Alessandro Maugeri, Salvatore Magaz `u, Giuseppina Lagan`a, Michele -- Navarra and Davide Barreca -- Molecular Basis of Interactions between the Antibiotic Nitrofurantoin and Human Serum -- Albumin: A Mechanism for the Rapid Drug Blood Transportation -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 8740, doi:10.3390/ijms22168740 5 -- Ning Liu, Shiqiang Sun, Pengjie Wang, Yanan Sun, Qingjuan Hu and Xiaoyu Wang -- The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7931, doi:10.3390/ijms22157931 19 -- Alisa Schnellbaecher, Anton Lindig, Maxime Le Mignon, Tim Hofmann, Brit Pardon and -- Stephanie Bellmaine et al. -- Degradation Products of Tryptophan in Cell Culture Media: Contribution to Color and Toxicity -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 6221, doi:10.3390/ijms22126221 35 -- Ivan V. Gmoshinski, Vladimir A. Shipelin, Nikita V. Trusov, Sergey A. Apryatin, Kristina V. -- Mzhelskaya and Antonina A. Shumakova et al. -- Effects of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Supplements on the Vital Indicators in Mice Differently -- Prone to Diet-Induced Obesity -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5956, doi:10.3390/ijms22115956 49 -- Ibrahim Yusufu, Kehong Ding, Kathryn Smith, Umesh D. Wankhade, Bikash Sahay and G. -- Taylor Patterson et al. -- A Tryptophan-Deficient Diet Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Increases Systemic -- Inflammation in Aged Mice -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5005, doi:10.3390/ijms22095005 67 -- Jay Ronel V. Conejos, Jalil Ghassemi Nejad, Jung-Eun Kim, Jun-Ok Moon, Jae-Sung Lee and -- Hong-Gu Lee -- Supplementing with L-Tryptophan Increases Medium Protein and Alters Expression of -- Genes and Proteins Involved in Milk Protein Synthesis and Energy Metabolism in Bovine -- Mammary Cells -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2751, doi:10.3390/ijms22052751 79 -- Ruta Zulpaite, Povilas Miknevicius, Bettina Leber, Kestutis Strupas, Philipp Stiegler and -- Peter Schemmer -- Tryptophan Metabolism via Kynurenine Pathway: Role in Solid Organ Transplantation -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1921, doi:10.3390/ijms22041921 93 -- Anna Birkov ´a, Marcela Valko-Rokytovsk´a, Be´ata Hubkov´a, Marianna Z ´abavn´ıkov ´a and -- M ´aria Marekov ´a -- Strong Dependence between Tryptophan-Related Fluorescence of Urine and Malignant -- Melanoma -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1884, doi:10.3390/ijms22041884 125 -- George Anderson, Annalucia Carbone and Gianluigi Mazzoccoli -- Tryptophan Metabolites and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Severe Acute Respiratory -- Syndrome, Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pathophysiology -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1597, doi:10.3390/ijms22041597 137 -- Monika Szelest, Katarzyna Walczak and Tomasz Plech -- A New Insight into the Potential Role of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands in Skin -- Physiological and Pathological Processes -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1104, doi:10.3390/ijms22031104 153 -- Michele Dei Cas, Ileana Vigentini, Sara Vitalini, Antonella Laganaro, Marcello Iriti and Rita -- Paroni et al. -- Tryptophan Derivatives by Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC1118: Evaluation, Optimization, and -- Production in a Soybean-Based Medium -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 472, doi:10.3390/ijms22010472 185 -- Massimo E. Maffei -- 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP): Natural Occurrence, Analysis, Biosynthesis, Biotechnology, -- Physiology and Toxicology -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 22, 181, doi:10.3390/ijms22010181 205 -- Paulina Wigner, Ewelina Synowiec, Paweł J ´ozwiak, Piotr Czarny, Michał Bijak and ´ -- Katarzyna Białek et al. -- The Effect of Chronic Mild Stress and Escitalopram on the Expression and Methylation Levels -- of Genes Involved in the Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses as Well as Tryptophan Catabolites -- Pathway in the Blood and Brain Structures -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 22, 10, doi:10.3390/ijms22010010 231 -- Sailen Barik -- The Uniqueness of Tryptophan in Biology: Properties, Metabolism, Interactions and -- Localization in Proteins -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8776, doi:10.3390/ijms21228776 251 -- Chien-Ning Hsu and You-Lin Tain -- Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: -- Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8705, doi:10.3390/ijms21228705 273 -- Katarzyna Walczak, Ewa Langner, Anna Makuch-Kocka, Monika Szelest, Karolina Szalast -- and Sebastian Marciniak et al. -- Effect of Tryptophan-Derived AhR Ligands, Kynurenine, Kynurenic Acid and FICZ, -- on Proliferation, Cell Cycle Regulation and Cell Death of Melanoma Cells-In Vitro Studies -- Reprinted from: Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 7946, doi:10.3390/ijms21217946 295.