Multitribal Indians in search of no man's land : : the American expansion and the chickamaugans between resistance and migration / / Carla Toney.

• Superior document: Migration in Wirtschaft, Geschichte & Gesellschaft
• VerfasserIn: Toney, Carla,
• Place / Publishing House: Göttingen : : V&R Unipress,, [2022]; ©2022
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Migration in Wirtschaft, Geschichte & Gesellschaft
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (505 pages)

During the American westward expansion, Chickamaugans, originally Cherokees, prioritized resistance to the U.S. government and Euro-American invaders. They signed treaties with Great Britain and Spain. Overlooked by scholars, it was the "diplomatic savvy" of Chickamaugan women and the support of their numerous allies, British loyalists, free persons of color, former slaves, and Native Americans from other nations, that made it possible for Chickamaugan resistance to last from 1775 to 1794. Carla Toney proves that, after the collapse of their resistance, many chose migration, not as individuals, but in migration clusters. She clearly elucidates the feudal patterns brought to the United States, the cultural fluidity of Indigenous nations, and migration as a form of resistance.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Body -- Preface by the Editors -- Introduction -- Part One: "Multitribal Indians" -- 1. Multitribal Confederations and Cultural Fluidity -- 2. Divide and Conquer -- 3. Multitribal Resistance: The Chickamaugans -- 4. The Reinvention of Native American Society -- 5. Death of a Chickamaugan Warrior: The Murder of Major Ridge -- 6. Loyalists in the Backcountry -- Part Two: In the Beginning -- 7. Feudal America -- 8. New Laws, New Lords, New Tyrants: Myths of the American Revolution -- 9. Involuntary Migrants: Rogues, Rebels and Rattlesnakes -- 10. Red Gold: Indian Slaves -- 11. Voluntary Migrants: the Runaways -- Photos -- Part Three: No Man's Land -- 12. Flight to Turnip Mountain -- 13. Rebellion in the Cherokee Nation -- 14. Turnip Mountain and the Removal Party -- 15. Migration to California: the Journey of Thomas Buffalo -- 16. Exodus -- 17. Two thousand miles: from the King's Rangers to the Imperial Valley -- 18. Wilma Mankiller: a Daughter of Turnip Moutain -- 19. California Remnants of the Chickamaugan Resistance -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Signatories of the 1835 Treaty of New Echota -- Appendix 2: Western Cherokees who participated in the Act of Union, 23 August 1839 -- Appendix 3: Chickamaugans and their allies -- Appendix 4: Brainerd / Chickamauga scholars and church members -- Appendix 5: Candy's Creek scholars and church members -- Appendix 6: Carmel scholars and church members -- Appendix 7: Creek Path scholars and church members -- Appendix 8: Hightower / Pumpkin Vine Creek scholars and church members -- Appendix 9: Springplace scholars -- Appendix 10: Willstown scholars and church members -- Appendix 11: Turnip Mountain residents (persons and dates) -- Appendix 12: Turnip Mountain timeline -- Appendix 13: Cherokee Nation West, Dwight scholars.

Appendix 14: Cherokee Nation West, Fairfield church members 1840 -- Appendix 15: The Choctaw Academy -- Appendix 16: Shawnee Methodist Mission and Indian Manual Labor School -- Appendix 17: Overland Migrants: Arizona, California, New Mexico -- Appendix 18: San Francisco Arrivals -- Appendix 19: Dragging Canoe's talk, 1776 -- Appendix 20: British Loyalists Found in the Draper Collection -- Appendix 21: Texas and Western Cherokee Names -- Appendix 22: Mendocino 1870 census (partial) -- Appendix 23: Applications for the Eastern Cherokee Roll of 1909 (Guion Miller Roll) -- Acknowledgements -- List of abbreviations -- A Note about Sources -- Bibliography.