The Necessity of Christ’s Satisfaction : : A Study of the Reformed Scholastic Theologians William Twisse (1578–1646) and John Owen (1616–1683) / / Joshua D. Schendel.

• Superior document: Studies in Reformed Theology ; 45
• VerfasserIn: Schendel, Joshua D.,
• Place / Publishing House: Leiden ;, Boston : : Brill,, 2022.
• Year of Publication: 2022
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Studies in Reformed Theology ; 45.
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (224 pages)

Could God have saved fallen humanity in some other way than by Christ’s satisfaction? This study explores this hotly contested question among the seventeenth-century Reformed orthodox discussions by an analysis of the representative Reformed theologians, William Twisse and John Owen.

The seventeenth century Reformed Orthodox discussions of the work of Christ and its various doctrinal constitutive elements were rich and multifaceted, ranging across biblical and exegetical, historical, philosophical, and theological fields of inquiry. Among the most contested questions in these discussions was the question of the necessity of Christ’s satisfaction. This study sets that “great controverted point,” as Richard Baxter called it, in its historical and traditionary contexts and provides a philosophical and theological analysis of the arguments offered by two representative Reformed scholastic theologians, William Twisse and John Owen.

Table of Contents

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Tables and Figures -- Tables -- Figures -- 1 Introduction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Secondary Scholarship -- 3 Historical and Theological Contexts -- 3.1 Twisse, Owen, and Their Writings in Seventeenth-Century England -- 3.2 Twisse, Owen, and Reformed Scholasticism -- 4 Preliminary Remarks on Terminology -- Part 1 Understanding the Question -- 2 The Rise and Statement of the Question among the Reformed Orthodox -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Rise of the Question: The Extra-reformed Polemical Context -- 2.1 John Calvin and Laelius Socinus -- 2.2 Faustus Socinus and Sibrandus Lubbertus -- 2.3 Jacob Arminius -- 2.4 Summary -- 3 The Statement of the Question: An Intra-reformed Discussion -- 3.1 Turretin's Taxonomy -- 3.2 The Reformed Orthodox and Modalities -- 3.3 Patrick Gillespie on the Proper Statement of the Question -- 3.4 Discerning the Two Sides of the Debate -- 3.5 Summary -- 4 Conclusion -- 3 The Medieval Scholastic Background to the Reformed Debate -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Augustine, the Medieval Schoolmen, and the Question -- 2.1 Augustine -- 2.2 Anselm -- 2.3 Lombard -- 2.4 Aquinas -- 2.5 Scotus -- 3 Conclusion -- Part 2 Analyzing the Answers -- 4 William Twisse on the Necessity of Christ's Satisfaction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Twisse on the Statement of the Question -- 3 Twisse's Argument -- 3.1 An Overview of the Arguments in "Digression 8" -- 3.2 The Formal Argument -- 3.3 The Power of God, Possibility, and Necessity -- 3.4 The Power of God and the Necessity of Satisfaction -- 3.4.1 The Logical Problem -- 3.4.2 The Theological Problem (1): Libertas Dei -- 3.5 The Justice and Goodness of God and the Necessity of Satisfaction -- 3.5.1 The Theological problem (2): Simplicitas et Unitas Dei -- 3.5.2 The Theological Problem (3): Bonitas Dei -- 4 Conclusion: Twisse's Argument Revisited.

5 John Owen on the Necessity of Christ's Satisfaction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Owen on the Statement of the Question -- 3 Owen's Argument -- 3.1 Overview of the Arguments in the Dissertation -- 3.2 The Formal Argument -- 3.2.1 Divine Justice: An Owenian Analysis -- 3.2.2 Divine Justice as Attribute and Egress -- 3.2.3 God's Necessary Lordship -- 3.2.4 Divine Justice and Freedom -- 3.2.5 Divine Justice and Goodness -- 4 Conclusion: Owen's Argument Revisited -- 6 Conclusion -- 1 Summary -- 2 Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Primary Sources -- Secondary Sources -- Index.