Egypt and Its Laws.

• Superior document: Arab and Islamic Laws Series ; v.22
• Author: European Commission.; Bernard-Maugiron, Nathalie.
• TeilnehmendeR: Dupret, Badouin.; European Commission.; Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa-al-Wathāʼiq al-Iqtiṣādīyah wa-al-Qānūnīyah wa-al-Ijtimāʻīyah (Cairo, Egypt)
• Place / Publishing House: Boston : : BRILL,, 2002.; ©2002.
• Year of Publication: 2002
• Edition: 1st ed.
• Language: English
• Series: Arab and Islamic Laws Series
• Physical Description: 1 online resource (528 pages)

Table of Contents

• Intro
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Introduction : A General Presentation of Law and Judicial Bodies
• 1. Civil Law
• 1. Definition and Division
• 2. Historical Synopsis
• 3. Rules Followed in the Legislation
• 3.1. Persons (Status and Capacity)
• 3.1.1. Introduction
• 3.1.2. Definition of Status and Capacity
• 3.1.3. Contents
• 3.2. Property
• 3.2.1. Definition
• 3.2.2. Subdivisions and Contents
• 3.2.3. Rights of Easement
• 3.3. Obligations
• 3.3.1. Preamble
• 3.3.2. Sources
• 3.3.3. Provisions
• 3.3.4. Statutory Texts
• 3.3.5. Civil Responsibility
• 3.4. Personal and Material Guarantees
• 3.4.1. Material Guarantees
• 3.4.2. Personal Guarantees
• 3.5. The System of Proof
• 4. Two Important and Recent Rulings of the Egyptian Court of Cassation Concerning Conflicts of Laws
• 2. Law of the Family (Personal Status Law)
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Ordinary Law
• 2.1. The Marriage Contract
• 2.1.1. Stages
• 2.1.2. Rights Arising from the Marriage Contract
• 2.2. Dissolution of the Marriage
• 2.2.1. Judicial Divorce
• 2.2.2. Khul' Divorce
• 2.3. Rights of Children and Relatives
• 2.3.1. Rights of Children
• 2.3.2. Rights of Relatives
• 2.4. Inheritance and Testament
• 2.4.1. Inheritance
• 2.4.2. Testament
• 3. Examples of Egyptian Court Decisions
• 3.1. Decisions Handed Down by the Egyptian Court of Cassation
• 3.2. Some Decisions by the Supreme Constitutional Court
• 4. Personal Status Provisions Regarding Non-Muslim Egyptians
• 4.1. Christian Marriage
• 4.1.1. Characteristics of the Christian Marriage
• 4.1.2. Introductory Steps
• 4.1.3. Constitution of the Marriage
• 4.1.4. Dissolution of a Christian Marriage
• 4.1.5. Divorce in Christian Law
• 4.1.6. Separation from Bed and Board (Séparation de Corps)
• 4.2. Marriage among Jews
• 4.2.1. Engagement.
• 4.2.2. Conditions of Marriage
• 4.2.3. Divorce among Jews
• 4.2.4. Separation from Bed and Board among Jews
• 5. References
• 3. Criminal Law
• 1. Definition of Criminal Law
• 2. History of Criminal Legislation in Egypt
• 3. General Principles and Competent Jurisdiction
• 3.1. General Principles Governing Criminal Legislation (the Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure)
• 3.1.1. The Principle of Legality of Crime and Penalty
• 3.1.2. The Principle of the Personal Nature of the Sanction
• 3.1.3. The Principle of Equality before the Penalty
• 3.1.4. Individualization of the Penalty
• 3.1.5. Presumption of Innocence
• 3.1.6. Doubt is to be Interpreted in Favor of the Accused
• 3.2. Competent Jurisdiction
• 3.2.1. Courts of General Jurisdiction
• 3.2.2. Courts of Special Jurisdiction
• 3.2.3. Observations
• 4. Applicable Provisions: Legislation
• 4.1. Criminal Law (General)
• 4.1.1. General Theory of Crime
• 4.1.2. General Theory of Penalties and Precautionary Measures
• 4.2. The Penal Code (Special)
• 4.2.1. Crimes Affecting General Interest
• 4.2.2. Crimes affecting Public Trust
• 4.2.3. Crimes against Persons
• 4.2.4. Crimes against Property
• 5. Applicable Provisions: Jurisprudence
• 5.1. Analogy is Not to be Applied in Relation to Criminalization and Penalties
• 5.2. Number of Acts Necessary to Constitute Habit
• 5.3. Application of the Law Most Favorable to the Accused
• 5.4. Justifiable Acts
• 5.5. Consent of the Victim as a Reason for Justification
• 5.6. Criterion for Causality
• 5.7. Criterion for Attempt
• 5.8. A Two-Pronged Expansion of the Notion of the Perpetrator
• 5.9. Trial of the Accomplice is Not Dependent on the Trial of the Original Perpetrator
• 5.10. Participation in a Crime
• 5.11. Insanity as a Bar to Criminal Liability
• 5.12. Voluntary Inebriation Negates Special Intent.
• 5.13. Unintentional Error
• 5.14. The Court of Cassation Admits the Idea of Precautionary Measures
• 6. Bibliography
• 4. Commercial Law
• 1. Introduction and Definition
• 2. Obligations of Merchants
• 2.1. Commercial Book-Keeping
• 2.2. Registration in the Commercial Register
• 3. Business Assets
• 3.1. Elements
• 3.2. Sale
• 3.3. Mortgage
• 4. Industrial Ownership
• 4.1. Legislation
• 4.2. Main Provisions Governing Industrial Ownership Rights
• 4.2.1. Patents
• 4.2.2. Designs and Industrial Models
• 4.2.3. Trademarks
• 4.2.4. Trade Name and Address
• 5. Commercial Documents
• 5.1. Bills of Exchange
• 5.2. Promissory Notes
• 5.3. Exclusion of Bearer Bond from Commercial Documents
• 5.4. Cheques
• 5.4.1. Definition
• 5.4.2. Characteristics
• 5.4.3. Date of Presentation of a Cheque
• 5.4.4. Prescription of Liability Stemming from the Issuance of a Cheque
• 6. Liabilities and Commercial Contracts
• 6.1. General Provisions Related to Liabilities
• 6.2. Transfer of Technology
• 6.3. Commercial Sales
• 6.4. Specific Provisions for Certain Commercial Sales
• 6.5. Other Provisions
• 7. Bibliography
• 5. Company Law
• 1. Commercial Companies
• 1.1. Definition
• 1.2. Different Types
• 2. Elements of Company Contracts
• 2.1. Objective Elements
• 2.1.1. Multiple Partners
• 2.1.2. Participation in the Capital
• 2.1.3. Distribution of Profits and Losses
• 2.1.4. The Intention to Share
• 2.2. Formal Elements
• 3. The Company's Juristic Personality
• 3.1. Acquisition
• 3.2. Termination
• 3.3. Liquidation
• 4. Kinds of Commercial Companies
• 4.1. General Partnership
• 4.1.1. The Name of the Company
• 4.1.2. Characteristics
• 4.1.3. Nationality of the Partner
• 4.1.4. Management
• 4.2. Limited Partnership
• 4.3. Joint Venture
• 4.4. Limited Liability Company
• 4.4.1. Characteristics
• 4.4.2. Establishment.
• 4.4.3. Management
• 4.5. Partnership Limited by Shares
• 4.6. Joint Stock Company
• 4.6.1. Characteristics
• 4.6.2. Establishment
• 4.6.3. Financial Instruments Issued
• 4.6.4. Management
• 5. Law No. 8 of 1997 Concerning Investment Incentives and Guarantees
• 6. References
• 6. Tax Law
• 1. Introduction
• 2. General Principles: Taxation in the Constitution and Jurisdiction
• 2.1. Power to Impose Taxation
• 2.2. Court Jurisdiction
• 3. Tax Law
• 3.1. The Unified Income Tax Law
• 3.1.1. Natural Persons
• 3.1.2. Juristic Personalities
• 3.2. The Sales Tax Law
• 4. Judicial Review: Role of the Constitutional Court
• 5. Concluding Remarks: Tax Administration
• 7. Commercial Arbitration
• 1. Historical Evolution
• 2. Principles Enshrined in the New Egyptian Arbitration Law
• 2.1. The Autonomy of the Parties
• 2.2. Jurisdiction over Jurisdiction
• 2.3. Severability of Arbitral Clause
• 2.4. Non-Amenability of Arbitral Awards to be Challenged by the Ordinary Means of Challenge
• 2.5. Observance of the Fundamental Guarantees of Litigation in Arbitral Proceedings
• 2.6. Requirement that Arbitrators Observe Rules of Conduct that Guarantee their Impartiality and Independence
• 3. Expansion of Scope of Application of the New Law
• 3.1. Arbitrability of all Legal Relationships
• 3.2. Applicability of the Provisions of the New Law outside the Regional Scope of the State by Agreement of the Parties to Arbitration
• 3.3. Blurring the Distinction Between National and International Arbitration
• 4. The Arbitral Agreement
• 5. Guarantees Provided by Law to Avoid Disruption of Arbitral Proceedings
• 6. The Arbitral Award
• 8. Labor Law and Social Insurance Law
• 1. Preamble and Framework
• 1.1. Individual Employment Contract
• 1.2. Collective Work Relations
• 1.3. Social Insurance
• 2. The Development of Social Laws in Egypt.
• 2.1. Organization of Individual Labor Relations before 1952
• 2.2. Organization of Individual Labor Relations after 1952
• 2.3. Collective Labor Relations before 1952
• 2.4. Collective Labor Relations after 1952
• 2.5. Social Insurance before 1952
• 2.6. Social Insurance after 1952
• 3. A Study of Major Rules Related to the Individual Employment Contract
• 3.1. Scope of Application of the Labor Code (Law No. 137 of 1981)
• 3.2. The Parties to the Individual Employment Contract
• 3.3. Dependence and Salary
• 3.3.1. The Relationship of Dependence
• 3.3.2. Salary
• 3.4. Effects of the Employment Contract
• 3.4.1. Obligations of the Employer
• 3.4.2. Obligations Imposed on the Worker
• 3.5. Termination of the Contract
• 3.5.1. Reasons Leading to the Termination of Both Types of Employment Contracts
• 3.5.2. Termination of Fixed-Term Contracts
• 3.5.3. Termination of an Indefinite Contract
• 4. A Brief Account of the Provisions of Social Security in Egypt
• 4.1. Scope of Application
• 4.2. Professional Risks
• 4.2.1. Unemployment
• 4.2.2. Work Injury
• 4.3. Physiological Risks
• 4.3.1. Insurance against Sickness
• 4.3.2. Insurance against Old Age, Disability and Death
• 5. Bibliography
• 9. Land Law
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Definition
• 1.2. Contents
• 2. A Synopsis of the History of Land Law in Egypt
• 2.1. Introduction
• 2.2. Stages of the Historical Development of Land Law in Egypt
• 3. Provisions of the Legislation
• 3.1. Agricultural Tenure
• 3.1.1. Banning Foreign Holdings of Agricultural Lands
• 3.1.2. The Maximum Limit of Agricultural Tenure
• 3.1.3. The Protection of Cultivable Land
• 3.2. Agricultural Exploitation
• 3.2.1. Preamble
• 3.2.2. Regular Rent
• 3.2.3. Sharecropping
• 3.3. Relationship between Landlord and Tenant in Agricultural Lands (Law No. 96 of 1992)
• 10. Civil and Criminal Justice.
• 1. Historical Background.